Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
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EFFECT OF MOLASSES ADDITION AS BIODEGRADABLE MATERIAL ON PHENOL REMOVAL UNDER ANAEROBIC CONDITIONS
No full textThe link between the concentration of biodegradable organic matter and the rate of phenol removal in anaerobic conditions was examined in this work. This study was undertaken using a laboratory scale anaerobic stabilization pond and five closed reactors at two retention times, 2 and 5 days. The initial concentration of phenol and soluble COD decreased in the anaerobic pond effluent and the reactors with increasing hydraulic retention time; 98.6 % phenol removal was observed in reactors after 50 days and in the presence of 1000 mg/L COD, while 98.8 % removal was obtained after 5 days in the anaerobic stabilization pond system in the presence of 500 mg/L COD. Two-way ANOVA test with Scheffe post-hoc confirmed that phenol removal was optimal for 10002000 mg/L biodegradable COD and 50 days retention time in the reactors and with 500 mg/L biodegradable COD and 5 days retention time in the anaerobic pond
ANALYSIS RISK FACTORS FOR HUMAN CYSTIC ECHINOCOCCOSIS IN MOGHAN PLAIN, AN ENDEMIC REGION OF ARDABIL PROVINCE, IRAN
Get PDFBackground and Aim:Cystic Hydatidosis (CE) is a Zoonosis and caused by larval stages of Echinococcus granulosus (metacestode) in the intermediate host, eggs of echinococcus released through the feces from infected dogs and eggs ingesting infects humans.
Methods:So far no survey was conducted to determine analysis risk factors for the human hydatidosis in Ardabil province, so, using ELISA test and for the first HCF-Ag then Ag-5 and Ag-B and questionnaires forms, the prevalence of this disease was detected in the moghan area in this province. Hospital records defined that cystic echinococcosis is frequent in Moghan Area of Ardabil province. The present study designed to determine the seropositive rate and to analyze risk factors of disease for people living in this region. In this survey, 2680 serum samples were randomly collected from the normal population the everywhere of six shingles of Moghan plain. Sera was storage in -70°C in Ardabil medicine. In the first stage of test for screening the sera was tested using enzyme-linked immunosorbent-assay protocol and HCF-Ag.
Results:The serology results + were analyzed by Logistic regression using SPSS 18. Of 2680 serum samples 162 sera (6.9%) and (0.4%), respectively for CE and AE were positive. Women were more than men (21 vs. 11.2%) for CE. The age group of 4-19 showed the lowest rate and the 20-39 and 40-59 showed the highest rate of infection.
Conclusion: The rate of prevalence in this province shows somehow a resemblance with the other cities in Iran. Considering the lifestyle in this province a complementary study is suggested in all related cities
Determination of the Effective Factors in unsuccessful suicide Attempt among women who referred to the emergency Board of Ardabil’s Imam Khomeini Hospital over a period of 9 month
Get PDFBackground and objective:Due to the complexity of social communication in all societies, the rate of suicide is increasing and according to studies, more women commit suicide than men. Various factors affect the occurrence of this phenomenon. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors affecting unsuccessful suicide among women referring to Emergency Hospital of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Ardabil during a 9-month period.
Methods:This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study. In this study, patients with criteria for entry criteria and absence of exit criteria were evaluated. Questions were asked from patients in the form of a checklist. This checklist has four parts. The first part relates to the patient's personal information, and the second part relates to the patient's previous history of any mental, physical, and addiction diseases, and the third part to determine the causes of suicide in the women studied and the fourth part related to the previous announcement. Suicide and knowledge of supportive centers. Subsequently, after completing the checklist, all checklists entered the SPSS v18 statistical analysis program and analyzed.
Results:This study was conducted on 236 unsuccessful suicides in women. The mean age of patients was 27.66 ± 9.95 years and the majority was between 15 and 20 years old. The majority of patients had 64% housewives and 37.7% had less than diploma education. 36% had a positive history of psycological diseases. Also, 30.9% of the patients had a history of suicide. Emotional problems in 91.9%, family conflict and marriage in 81.8%, spouse's disregard in 50.4%, and economic problems were also associated with suicide among 44.5% of patients.
Conclusion:The results of this study showed that emotional problems and family and marital conflicts were common causes of suicide among women, and all of these women had at least one important reason for their suicide attempt
Targeting axonal degeneration and demyelination using combination administration of 17β-estradiol and Schwann cells in the rat model of spinal cord injury
No full textSchwann cells (SCs) are known to be responsible for axonal ensheathing and myelination, and their transplantation is used commonly for treatment of spinal cord injury (SCI). 17β‐estradiol (E2) has also reported for its protective roles in neurons in the transplanted SCs to the SCI model. In the current study, we evaluated the roles of E2 administration before SCs transplantation in targeting SCI‐induced axonal degeneration and demyelination. E2 (25µg/kg, IP) was administered to the male Wistar rats underwent contusive SCI at T10 segment. At 7 days after injury, 1×106 SCs were transplanted to the injury epicenter of the spinal cord. The groups were laminectomy, SCI, SCI+E2, and SCI+E2+SCs. Functional recovery was evaluated using the Basso‐Bresnahan‐Beattie locomotor test. Sections from spinal cord were also assessed for histoloical staining, including Luxol fast blue, Bielschowskyʼs silver and immunofluorescence evaluation of myelin basic protein (MBP). The SCI group showed impaired locomotion in the hind limb, increased number of cavities within spinal cord, low observable numbers of regenerating fibers, and a significant decrease in the rate of expression for MBP. These changes were counteracted in the treatment groups (P<0.05 vs SCI) with no significant changes among them. From the results, it may be concluded that application of E2 and SCs could be effective when axons undergo demyelination and degenerative processes, and their combination could partly provide cumulative outcomes
An overview of the applications of distanc transactional theory in the education process of midwifery students
Get PDFComparison of the effect of sublingual buprenorphine and intravenous fentanyl pump on pain control after cesarean section by spinal ansetesia
Get PDFBack ground and abjective: One of the major challenges in women's surgery, including cesarean section, is postoperative pain control. Postoperative pain as one of the most common problems in the postoperative phase can lead to a significant reduction in the quality of surgical operations, along with other problems such as nausea and vomiting, hypotension and shivering. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the effect of sublingual buprenorphine and intravenous fentanyl pump on post-operative cesarean section pain control and its effects among patients.
Methods: The present study is a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Patients aged 18-60 years old and all candidates had cesarean section at Alavi Hospital in Ardabil in 2017. After obtaining consent from patients for inclusion in the study, 80 patients were selected using simple sampling method and divided into two groups of 40. In the first group, 40 patients received fentanyl and placebo tablets, the second group(40 pationts) received normal saline and buprenorphine pills. In the first group (sublingual buprenorphine + placebo pump), it was repeated 6 and 12 hours after the first dose. In the second group, the pump was used to inject intravenous fentanyl and the drug lasted for up to 24 hours. Then, VAS scores, vomiting nausea, sedation (from Ramsay sedation scale), and the amount of need for pain at 2, 6, 12, and 24 hours, and postoperative analgesia (time to first needle) were evaluated. Finally, all patient information was entered into a pre-designed checklist and all the data entered into the SPSS v20 statistical analysis program and we analyzed the data.
Results: The results of VAS score in patients showed that, except at 24 hours after surgery, in other hours of study, the pain score in the two groups did not show any significant difference. In the fentanyl group, the use of analgesics was higher than the buprenorphine group. In the early hours after surgery (hours 2 and 6), the incidence of nausea and vomiting was significantly lower in the buprenorphine group than in the fentanyl group, but in the other hours, no such difference was observed. The sedation score was also evaluated, but no significant difference was observed between the two groups. Also, the incidence of side effects in the two groups did not differ significantly.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that buprenorphine is an effective drug in reducing postoperative pain in post-operative patients and, due to its very low side effects, can be routinely used in patients
Explaining Social Well-being in the Perspective of Retired Men of the Armed Forces: A Qualitative Content Analysis
Get PDFIntroduction: The social well-being is a dimension of individual health which is neglected in medical sciences. It has a significant effect on the quality of life and health. Thus, this study was conducted aiming at explaining social well-being from the perspective of the retired men of the armed forces. Method: This is a qualitative content analysis. The nine retired men of the armed forces participated in this study. The sampling started and proceeded purposefully until the saturation of the data. The data were collected through a semi-structured interview. The data analysis was conducted using the directed content analysis approach of Hsieh and Shannon (2005) using MAXQDA v.11 software. Results: Data analysis led to the extraction of 400 initial codes in six generic categories, including social integration, social acceptance, social contribution, social actualization and social coherence and financial well-being. Conclusion: This study showed that the dimensions of Keyes social well-being theory were confirmed in the Iranian retired men of the armed forces. Considering the socio-economic changes, the financial well-being dimension can be justified which was added to the present study
Obstacles for Iranian rural population to participate in health education programmes: a qualitative study
Get PDFObjective: To explore the obstacles of community participation in rural health education programmes from the viewpoints of Iranian rural inhabitants. Design. This was a qualitative study with conventional content analysis approach which was carried out March to October 2016. Setting Data collected using semistructured interviews that were digitally recorded, transcribed and analysed until data saturation. MAXQDA 10 software was used to manage the textual data.
Participant Participants were twenty-two seven clients from a rural community in Ardabil, Iran who were receiving health services from health centres.
Result The main obstacles to participate in health education programmes in rural settings were ‘Lack of trust to the rural health workers’, ‘Adherence to neighbourhood social networks in seeking health information’ and ‘Lack of understanding on the importance of health education’.
Conclusion Rural health education programmes in Iran are encountered with a variety of obstacles. We need to enhancing mutual trust between the rural health workers and villagers, and developing community-based education programmes to promote health information seeking behaviours among villagers. The finding of this study will be a referential evidence for the qualitative improvement of local health education programmes for rural inhabitants
Emergency Pancreaticcododenectomy after Abdominal Blunt Trauma by a Bike Handlebar in a 10-Year-Old Boy
Get PDFPancreatic injury is the fourth most common solid organ injury, following the spleen, liver, and kidneys. For both penetrating and blunt pancreatic injuries, the presence of main pancreatic ductal injury is the major determinant of surgical procedure. The complete pancreaticoduodenectomy is often the choice of treatment on the surgeon confronting for an injured pancreatic head particularly in the presence of concurrent duodenal injury and is the greatest challenge for trauma surgeon. A-10-year old boy refers to emergency department with the complaint of ongoing abdominal pain after hitting of a bike handlebar to his abdomen; He underwent laparotomy and whipple procedure
Comparison Between Bipolar Lymphatic Vessels Cautery and Suture Ligature in Prevention of Postrenal Transplant Lymphocele Formation: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Get PDFOBJECTIVES: In this randomized controlled trial, our aim was to compare bipolar cautery of lymphatic vessels with standard silk-tie ligation in renal transplant procedures for prevention of lymphocele formation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty end-stage renal disease patients were enrolled in a prospective randomized controlled trial. The mean age of recipients in the suture ligature group was 41.6 years (range, 6-65 years) and 40.9 years in the bipolar cautery group. Patients were assessed by symptoms; however, ultrasonography was also used as the primary diagnostic procedure in all patients to find lymphocele collection within 5 months.
RESULTS: Of 60 patients, 25 received living-donor kidney transplant and 35 received deceased-donor kidney transplant. Fifty-threeprocedures were first-time kidney transplants, 6 were retransplants, and 1 was for a third-time transplant. No lymphocele collection (symptomatic or asymptomatic) was diagnosed by ultrasonography at the 5-month follow-up. Postoperative pain was not significantly different between the 2 groups (P = .245). The time for ligation or cauterization of lymphatic vessels was similar between the 2 groups. Mean duration of operative field drainage was 5.6 days in the suture ligature group and 6.07 days in the bipolar cautery group (not significantly different; P = .547)
CONCLUSIONS: Bipolar cautery of lymphatic vessels to prevent lymphocele formation in kidney transplant seems to be an effective, easy, and safe method