Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
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Comparison of genome‐wide analysis techniques to DNA methylation analysis in human cancer
No full textDNA methylation was the first epigenetic modification to be detected in human cancers with specific relation to aberrant gene expression. Herein, DNA methylation analysis explains how epigenetic patterns affect gene expression level. Hypermethylation at tumor suppressor gene loci leads to increased tumorigenesis due to tumor suppressor gene silencing, whereas global hypomethylation of CpG islands (CGIs) is followed by genomic instability and aberrant activation of multiple oncogenes. Therefore, characterization of the genes which silenced or activated epigenetically in human tumor cells can improve our understanding of cancer biology. Different genome‐wide methodologies are applied to evaluate methylation status. Various commonly conducted techniques for this evaluation are reviewed in this paper. We provided comparative description of the procedures, advantages, and drawbacks of genome‐wide DNA methylation analysis methods and biological applications, to give information on selecting the appropriate method for different methylation studies
Nrf2/P–glycoprotein axis is associated with clinicopathological characteristics in colorectal cancer
No full textColorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer−related death worldwide. Activation of ABCB1 gene and its main product, P−glycoprotein, is the common reason for chemoresistance. The nuclear factor–-erythroid 2–related factor2 (Nrf2) is directly regulated by Kelch like ECH–associated protein1 (Keap1). In addition, Nrf2 is a key transcriptional factor that regulates efflux transporters, including P−gp. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression levels of Nrf2, Keap1 and ABCB1 in the biopsy samples and their association with clinicopathological features in CRC patients. Both mRNA and protein expression levels were measured by Real−time PCR and immunohistochemistry (IHC), respectively, in biopsies from colonoscopy in 65 CRC patients compared to those in 65 non−CRC individuals. While expression levels of Nrf2 and ABCB1 (P−gp) were markedly higher in both mRNA and protein levels in CRC biopsies (p < 0.01), Keap1 expression level was significantly lower in these samples (p < 0.05). Positive correlations between Nrf2 expression level and tumor size (p = 0.003), lymph node (p = 0.038), distant metastasis (p = 0.008), and smoking status (p = 0.02) were observed. However, P–gp expression was associated only with patient age and smoking status. In addition, there was a positive correlation between protein levels of Nrf2 and P−gp, in both CRC (r = 0.617, p < 0.001) and non−CRC tissues (r = 0.930, p < 0.001). In conclusion, over-expression of Nrf2 and ABCB1/P−gp, as well as down-regulation of mRNA expression level of Keap1 in CRC patients denotes the role of Keap1/Nrf2/ABCB1 axis in CRC progression and chemoresistance. Our data suggest that therapeutic inhibition of Nrf2/ABCB1 signaling can be considered as a novel strategy to improve the efficacy of chemotherapeutics against CRC
Effect of high fat diet on NF‐кB microRNA146a negative feedback loop in ovalbumin‐sensitized rats
No full textThe present study aimed to investigate the role of microRNA‐146a and its adapter proteins [interleukin‐1 receptor‐associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor‐associated factor 6 (TRAF6)] in the pathogenesis of ovalbumin (OVA)‐sensitized rats in association with the diet‐induced obesity condition. Twenty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control with normal diet (ND), OVA‐sensitized with normal diet (S + ND), high‐fat diet (HFD), and OVA‐sensitized with high‐fat diet (S + HFD). All the animals were fed for 8 weeks with standard pelts or high‐fat diet, and were then sensitized and challenged with OVA or saline for another 4 weeks. The tracheal responsiveness to methacholine, serum protein levels, and lipid profile levels was measured by the ELISA method. Moreover, the gene expression level of microRNA‐146a (miR‐146a) was measured in the lung tissue of the rats using the real‐time PCR method. Maximum response to methacholin increased in the S + HFD group in compared with ND, S + ND, and HFD groups (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001). Moreover, in the S + HFD group the mRNA expression levels of miRNA‐146a increased in the lung tissue (P < 0.001). In addition, the protein analysis results showed that IRAK1, TRAF6, NF‐kB, and IL‐1β protein levels were high in the S + HFD group compared to the ND and HFD groups; however, in compared with the S + ND group, only the IL‐1β protein level was higher in the S + HFD group (P < 0.05). These results suggest that a defect in the NF‐kB–miR‐146a negative feedback loop may be involved in the pathogenesis of obesity associated with OVA‐sensitized condition
Investigation of Efficiency of activated carbon prepared from green filamentous algae magnetized by Fe3O4 nanoparticles in removal of basic Blue 41 from aqueous solutions
Get PDFBackground: Azo dyes including the asic blue 41 dye, due to their aromatic rings, toxicity, mutagenesis, carcinogenicity and persistence, are considered to be a major risk to humans and the environment. The Algae Activated Carbon/Fe3O4 nanoparticle (AC/Fe3O4) composite was produced by adding ZnCL2 as activator agent for algae to prepare a novel adsorbent for removal of Basic Blue 41 (BB 41) dye from aqueous solution. .
Methods: The microstructure and properties of the AC/Fe3O4 composite were studied by pHPZC, FT-IR, FESEM/EDX, XRD, BET and VSM techniques. The effect of parameter such as: pH of the solution (3-9), the initial concentration of BB 41 dye (50-200 mg/L), and adsorbent dosage (0.1-2 g/L) on removal efficiency were investigated during the equilibrium and kinetics studies.
Finding: The optimum conditions for maximum removal of dye at pH: 9, contact time: 90 min, adsorbent dosage: 1 g/L and initial concentration of dye: 100 mg/L were obtained. The study of isotherms and Kinetics indicated that the experimental data are fitted to Langmuir and second-pseudo-order models. Under the optimum conditions, maximum adsorption capacity of the AC/Fe3O4 composite in Langmuir model enhanced to amount of 135 mg¬/g.Conclusion: This study shows that the AC/Fe3O4 can be applied as a novel-adsorbent for the removal of dye from aqueous solutions
Environmental Impacts Assessment of the Transformation of Municipal Solid Waste Process of Tabriz City
Get PDFBackground & Objectives: Waste processing is one of the most important elements responsible for Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). The present study aimed to investigate the characteristics of Tabriz
urban solid waste and, finally, assess the environmental impacts of proposed scenarios for the
management of MSW in Tabriz in 2017.
Methods: In this descriptive study, the required data were collected from field observations,
collecting library data, physical analysis with 4 sampling steps in 4 seasons in accordance with ASTM
standard method. 4 scenarios (energy generation and composting, energy generation, composting,
current status) were proposed and environmental impact assessment of proposed scenarios with
Iranian leopold matrix.
Results: An average of 1438 tons per day of MSW is collected from the city of Tabriz and the average
per capita waste production for this city is 0.804 kg per person per day.. The average thermal energy
generated from the total waste of Tabriz city is 7965 Kj/Kg. The results of the evaluation using the
Leopold matrix showed that Scenario 1 (energy generation and composting) with a score of 171 was
considered as the best scenario and scenario 4 (current status) with 212 points was the worst
management scenario.
Conclusion: In the present situation, planning and adopting appropriate measures to reduce negative
environmental impacts, composing and energy generation can be appropriate for the management of
MSW in Tabriz
Investigation of intestinal parasites in Patients referring to hospitals laboratories in Ardabil in 2018
Get PDFBackground: Parasitic diseases are one of the health problems of all societies and are considered as barriers to progress socio-economic development, especially in most developing countries. This study compares the results of evaluation of protozoal and helminthic parasitic infections with direct, concentration and culture methods in stool specimens of patients referring to laboratories of hospitals
affiliated to Ardabil University of Medical Sciences in 2018. Methods: Total of 409 stool specimens were collected from laboratories in hospitals affiliated to the University of Medical Sciences and transferred to the parasitology lab of the Faculty of Medicine and Paramedics for a period of less than two hours. In the laboratory, samples were evaluated using direct, concentration and culture methods. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 software.
Results: In this study, 409 stool specimens were collected from Imam Khomeini and Booali Hospitals. In total, 22 cases (5. 4%) were infected with intestinal parasites. 5.3% of men and 5.4% of women were infected. The rate of infection to the protozoa and helminths was 3.7% and 1.7% respectively. Infection rate of intestinal parasites including Entamoeba histolytica 0.5%, Entamoeba coli 0.7%,
Giardia lamblia 1.2% , Blastocystis hominis 1.2%, Dicrocoelium dendriticum 0.97%, Trichostrongylus sp. 0.24%, Enterobius vermicularis 0.24% and free living larvae 0.24%.
Conclusion: The present study showed that infection rate with intestinal protozoa, especially Giardia lamblia and Blastocystis hominis in Ardabil is high, which
requires special control measures
Aspects of professional ethics in health development
Get PDFBackground: With the development of health aspects, the ethical issues related to it have also been expanded. In order to provide more efficiently health services in universities, the ethics should be considered in all aspects of health care. This study aimed to investigate the aspects of professional ethics in health development.
Methodology: This study was conducted by search engines in the databases with the keywords "professional ethics, medical ethics health education" and "health development".
Findings: The aspects of ethical issues in medical education include ethics in the field of research, education and provision of services. The elaboration of ethics in the field of research is more than the other fields, so that ethics codes have been developed and implemented in universities since about twenty years ago. Ethics in the field of educational are newly formed concepts and underway since about a year ago. In the areas of service delivery, because healthcare areas are directly related to people, ethical planning in this area needs to be coherent and institutionalization of professional ethics among faculty members, students and health system staff is necessary.
Conclusion: The issue of professional ethics is an overarching theme that should be considered in all areas of research, education and health care services. Achieving this goal and other goals in the development of professional ethics requires tools that should be provided in all areas of the Ministry of Health. The training of ethical employers in the health system is importance. Ethical debates must consider in designing of actions to help the peoples and the right of patients must be provide in facilities establishing
Comparison of Total Antioxidant Capacity of Saliva in Patients with Type I Diabetes Mellitus and Non-Diabetics
Get PDFBackground:
There are special systems in the human body to deal with the damage caused by free radicals, known as the antioxidant defense system. The condition in which the balance between oxidants and antioxidants disrupts and oxidants overcome in the body,is called oxidative stress. Oxidative stress plays a major role in the onset and also the progression of vascular and neurological complications of diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine the total antioxidant capacity of saliva in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus in comparison with non-diabetic people.
Materials and Methods:
In this case control study, 20 to 40 years old patients referring to
imam Khomeini hospital of Ardabil including 30 type I diabetics as case group and 30 Non-Diabetic people were compared in terms of total Antioxidant Capacity of saliva. Total antioxidant capacity of saliva evaluated with ABTS® (2,2'-Azino-di-[3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulphonate]) method. The data was analyzed by T-test and
ANOVA in 24th version of SPSS.
Results:
Mean and standard deviation (Mean ± SD) of antioxidant capacity of saliva in case group was 0.380±0.120 µmol/liter and in control group was 0.306±0.122 µmol/liter. Increase of antioxidant
capacity of saliva of case group was statistically significant using T-test analysis (p=0.003,t=-3.288).
Discussion and Conclusion:
Regarding the data obtained from this study and its analysis, it can be stated that in patients with type 1 diabetes, the level of salivary total antioxidant capacity (TAC) increases significantly in comparison with non-diabetics. On the other hand, saliva biomarkers can be used as a diagnostic tool for evaluating general health and early diagnosis of diseases and saliva collection and storage is easy and sufficient for analytical purposes. In addition, saliva collection for the patient as a non-invasive sampling technique greatly reduces anxiety and discomfort. So it seems that determining the level of total salivary antioxidants in type 1 diabetics may be a substitute for early diagnosis of diabetes
Zinc supplementation attenuate diabetic indices in patients with diabetic retinopathy
Get PDFAim: Zinc (Zn) deficiency has been shown to be associated with age-related eye diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy. Blood sugar and blood pressure are prognostic factors in diabetic retinopathy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of zinc supplementation on diabetes indices and blood pressure in patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Patients and Methods: 45 patients with non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (20 males and 25 females) aged from 40 to 70 years were participated in current double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. The disease was diagnosed by an expert ophthalmologist according to early photocoagulation and diabetic retinopathy criteria. The patients were assigned to intervention (23 patients) and placebo (n = 22) groups. The groups received zinc (as zinc gluconate; 30 mg) and placebo (maltodextrin; 30 mg) for 3 months, respectively. Fasting insulin, fasting glucose, insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and serum zinc levels were measured before and after the intervention in the both groups. Results: Zinc supplementation significantly increased serum zinc (P= 0.004) and decreased serum insulin levels (P= 0.008), fasting blood sugar (FBS) (P= 0.011), HOMA-IR (P= 0.002) and SBP (P= 0.017) in the intervention group compared with placebo group. The intervention had no significant effects on DBP, HbA1c. Conclusion: Due to the positive effects of zinc supplementation on prognostic factors of diabetic retinopathy, it seems complementary therapy with zinc is needed in these patients
The frequency of Ankyloglossia and associated disorders in children 6 to 12 years in Ardabil City 2018
Get PDFIntroduction: Ankyloglossia is a developmental anomaly of tongue which causes a deficiency in tongue mobility. This anomaly can create speech problems, periodontal diseases and orthodontic disorders. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the frequency of Ankyloglossia and associated disorders in children 6 to 12 years in Ardabil City 2018.
Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in 2018, 381 male and female students were selected via cluster sampling who aged 6-12 years and studied in primary schools of Ardabil. Ankyloglossia diagnosis was based on presence of short and thick lingual frenum as well as deficiency in lingual mobility. The study data were analyzed via SPSS statistical software (ver.22) applying Chi-square and cramer's v test.
Results: The total prevalence of ankyloglossia among 381 students was reported 0.3%, which was significantly higher within the ankyloglossia than girls (P-value<0.05). Also, the results of this study showed that there is a significant relationship between gender, dental occlusion, bite type, anterior crowding , diastema with ankyloglossia intensity (P <0.05).
Conclusion: According to the indices, the results of this study indicate that ankyloglossia is associated with disorders such as dental occlusion, bite type, anterior crowding, and diastem