Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
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Investigating the Prevalence of Anterior-Posterior Mandibular-Dental Malocclusion in 11 to 13-year-old Boy Students from Ardabil Schools During 2017-2018 Academic Years
Get PDFIntroduction: occlusion includes the placement method and relation of the upper-jaw teeth with the lower-jaw teeth the unusual cases of which are called malocclusion. The present study was undertaken in Ardabil considering the importance of disorders pertaining to occlusion and the scarcity of the studies in regard of these disorders.
Materials and Method: the present cross-sectional descriptive research is aimed at the investigation of the prevalence of various dental malocclusion kinds in anterior-posterior aspects in 406 students, 11 to 13 years of age, from Ardabil. The study also incorporated the investigation of the occlusal relation between the upper first molar teeth and lower first molar teeth, the occlusal relation between the upper canine teeth and lower canine teeth and the amount of anterior teeth overjet. The data that had been recorded and collected through checklist was firstly inserted in SPSS version 23. Then, frequency and the other descriptive statistics were obtained and analyzed subject to analytical statistics and statistical tests like chi-square, t-test and others to assess the variables’ interrelationships.
Results: the results indicated that 361 individuals (88.9%) do not have any bad mouth habits. It was also found out that 154 individuals (37.9%) lack permanent canine teeth, 191 individuals (47.1%) have class I canine teeth, 46 individuals (11.3%) have class II canine teeth and 15 students (3.7%) have class III canine teeth. It was figured out that 10% of the students have anterior cross-bite and 90% of the students were found normal. Out of the total number of the studied students, two individuals had lost upper or lower molars of their permanent teeth on both sides. In the studied students, 313 individuals (76.6%) had class I molar relation, 39 individuals (9.6%) had class II molar relation and 54 individuals (13.3%) had class III molar relation. 309 individuals (76.1%) were found in normal range in terms of overjet and 68 individuals (16.8%) had developed overjet between 3mm to 6mm; 15 individuals (3.7%) had increased overjet with rates over 6mm and 11 individuals (2.7%) had decreased overjet and the number and frequency of the reversed overjet were 3 individuals and 0.7%, respectively. Moreover, the results indicated that 284 individuals (70%) have straight facial forms and 101 individuals (24.9%) have convex facial forms. The number and frequency of the individuals with concave facial form were 21 individuals and 5.2%.
Conclusion: in the present study, like the other similar research, the highest rates were found belonging to class I molar and canine occlusions and the highest frequency was scored for the normal overjet state. The trivial differences in the data can be pertinent to the racial differences and climatic effects and the social-economic levels of the various communitie
Relationship between communication skills and emotional intelligence among nurses
Get PDFAim Nurses’ emotional intelligence (EI) affects many of their behavioural skills. Given the importance of communication skills, the aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between EI and the communication skills of emergency department nurses. Method 253 nurses working in five hospitals affiliated to Ardabil University of Medical Sciences took part in this cross-sectional analytical study. Participants completed Goleman’s EI Scale and a researcher-designed communication skills questionnaire. Validity and reliability of the tools were measured throughout the study. Data analysis was carried out using analysis of variance, Pearson correlation and Spearman correlation tests in SPSS v18. Findings The mean EI score was estimated to be 78.31 with the highest and lowest scores related to self-awareness (20.83) and self-management (18.19) dimensions respectively. The mean total score of communication skills was estimated to be 70.91. There was a significant relationship between total EI score and total communication skills score (r=0.775, P<0.01) and a strong significant relationship between the four dimensions of EI and the total score of communication skills. Conclusion Since EI and its dimensions have a positive effect on nurses’ communication skills hospital managers can enhance EI by organising training sessions and promotingm communication skills and provide the ground for continuous improvement of hospital service
Minocycline prevents the development of depression-like behavior and hippocampal inflammation in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease
No full textRationale Considerable clinical and experimental studies have shown that depression-related disorders are the most common neuropsychiatric symptoms in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), affecting as many as 20–40% of patients. An increasing amount of evidence shows that monoamine-based antidepressant treatments are not completely effective for depression treatment in patients with dementia. Minocycline, a second-generation tetracycline antibiotic, has been gaining research and clinical attention for the treatment of different neuropsychiatric disorders, and more recently depression symptom in humans.
Methods
In the present study, we investigated the effects of Aβ1–42 administration alone or in combination with minocycline treatment on depression-like behaviors and anti/pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin(IL)-10, IL-β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the hippocampus of rats.
Results
Our results showed that Aβ1–42 administration increased depression-related behaviors in sucrose preference test, tail suspension test, novelty-suppressed feeding test, and forced swim test. We also found significant increases in IL-1β and TNF-α levels in the hippocampus of Aβ1–42-treated rats. Interestingly, minocycline treatment significantly reversed depression-related behaviors and the levels of hippocampal cytokines in Aβ1–42-treated rats.
Conclusion
These findings support the idea that there is a significant relationship among AD, depression-related symptoms, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the brain, and suggest that antidepressant-like impacts of minocycline could be due to its anti-inflammatory properties. This drug could be of potential interest for the treatment of depression in patients with Alzheimer’s disease
Evaluation and Investigation of Advanced Oxidation System (Hydrogen Peroxide and Sodium Persulfate) in PAHs Contaminated Urban Sewage Sludge Treatment
Get PDFThis study has been carried out with the aim of evaluating treatability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds of PAHs available in urban and industrial sewage sludge utilizing advanced chemical oxidation method contingent on free sulfate radicals using hydrogen peroxide and heat activation methods. For this purpose, various parameters including (3, 5, 7, 9, & 10), persulfate’s concentration (2, 10, 5, 15 & 20 mmol), the ratio of peroxide to persulfate (1, 0.5, 0.3, 0.2 & 0.1), sludge temperature (25, 35, 45 & 55 °C) and the primary concentration of PAHs were considered at the 20-day reaction periods. Through making use of GC-MS, after 40- minute period, the quality and quantity of the compounds available in the sample were determined using a mass detector and the drawn standards’ curve. After examining the effectiveness of eliminating PAHs compounds in various conditions, the chemical oxygen demand test (COD) was carried out for the samples related to optimal removal of PAHs compounds in order to determine the process’ real efficiency in eliminating intermediate compounds originated from PAHs oxidation. The results demonstrate that advanced chemical oxidation method (persulfate-peroxide) can effectively result in PAHs compounds’ elimination from the sludge
Investigating predictor factors of echocardiographic data in renal failure in patients with acute heart failure
Get PDFObjective: The purpose of this paper is to investigate the predictor factors of echocardiographic data in renal failure in patients with acute heart failure. Acute heart failure was defined as the development of HF symptoms gradually or suddenly either in the form of a new onset or as a recurence that require emergency treatment and lead to the hospitalization. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study. 255 patients with diagnosis of acute heart failure were entered this study. Patients were under echocardiography after hospitalization. Creatinine was also measured daily and recorded, and the relationship between the echocardiography data obtained with its prediction was studied. Results: In this study, no significant correlation was found between echocardiographic data and intensity of renal dysfunction. Conclusion: Finally, considering the importance of renal dysfunction in determining the prognosis of patients with acute heart failure, further studies are necessary to determine the effective factors in predicting the incidence of renal dysfunction
The study of oral health status and its related quality of life among elderly under control of Ardabil’s Welfare Organization
Get PDFIntroduction: Considering the increasing trend of elderly population in recent years and the fact that oral health is an integral part of general health, this study aimed to assess oral health status and its related quality of life among elderly people living in hospices under control of Ardabil’s welfare organization.
Methods: In this descriptive-correlational study, 144 elderly people over 60 years of age, living in hospices were included in the study. A questionnaire was used for data collection with three parts: Demographic form, World Health Organization (WHO) Oral Health Assessment Form, Oral health impact profile (OHIP-14Per). Data were analyzed using descriptive statstics, T-test, ANOVA, linear regression in SPSS version 24 software.
Results: The results of one-sample T-test showed that the elderly in Ardabil have an inappropriate status in all aspects of oral health related quality of life (P <0. 05). In addition, regression analysis found a significant relationship between oral health status and oral health related quality of life in elderly people (P <0. 05).
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the elderly people living in hospices under supervision of Ardabil’s welfare organization are in a poor status regarding oral health and oral health-related quality of life. Therefore, it is necessary for healthcare providers to pay more attention to this group in the society regarding their oral health and quality of life
Physical Disability and Its Effective Factors in the Elderly of Khalkhal City
Get PDFBackground: Aging is considered as one of the crucial stages of human development; it is not only the end of life but also is a normal and natural process. The disability is among the consequences of the elderly, which affects the whole process of aging. The present study aimed to determine the rate of physical disability and its effective factors in the elderly in Khalkhal city in 2017. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 400 elderly people who referred to Khalkhal health centers, using convenience random sampling. The data collection tool was a short version of the disability scale of the Stanford Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ 8-item DI). Results: Our study showed that the total disability score in the elderly was 2.56 ± 5.24 (2.69 ± 5.40 in men and 2.41 ± 5.06 in women). Also, there was a significant relationship between disability score and age, illness history, the frequency of hospitalization, the perception of health, number of children, current occupation, and lifestyle (P-Value<0.05). Conclusion: The overall findings of this study indicated the high rate of disability among the elderly in Khalkhal city. Further, men are more likely than women to experience a disability. Therefore, the use of preventive and contributing measures for national aging health programs can improve the quality of life of the elderly
Cerebral Venous Thrombosis in Neonates: Two Case Reports
Get PDFAbstract- Cerebral venous thrombosis is an uncommon disorder in children however it can be associated with serious clinical consequences. As it is a rare condition without any specific clinical presentation, it is usually undiagnosed. Clinical manifestation of cerebral thrombosis in children is relatively different from adult because of age-related differences in the vascular and neurologic systems. We present a case of a twenty days boy with a history of one-week lethargy and poor feeding and grand mal seizure. He had hypernatremia and severe dehydration. Non-contrast CT scan of the brain revealed superior sagittal and both transverse and sigmoid sinus thrombosis. The patient was treated in neonatal ICU with a favorable clinical response. We also present a fourteen days girl who presented with three days of fever, poor feeding, tachycardia, respiratory distress, and grand mal seizure. She had hypernatremia and severe dehydration. Non-contrast CT scan of the brain revealed superior sagittal sinus thrombosis and right temporal lobe infarction. She was also treated in neonatal ICU with noticeable improvement in symptoms. These cases demonstrate the importance of dehydration in neonatal and clinical suspicion of cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT). We present these two cases to enhance the awareness of clinical practitioners. CVT is an unusual and serious condition in neonates and due to its nonspecific clinical presentation often remains unrecognized. Early neuroimaging, including transfontanel doppler ultra-sonography, and non-contrast CT scan in all neonates with neonatal seizures will improve detection
Referral system in rural Iran: improvement proposals
Get PDFBecause of insufficient communication between primary health care providers and specialists, which leads to inefficiencies and ineffectiveness in rural population health outcomes, to implement a well-functioning referral system is one of the most important tasks for some countries. Using purposive and snowballing sampling methods, we included health experts, policy-makers, family physicians, clinical specialists, and experts from health insurance organizations in this study according to pre-determined criteria. We recorded all interviews, transcribed and analyzed their content using qualitative methods. We extracted 1,522 individual codes initially. We also collected supplementary data through document review. From reviews and summarizations, four main themes, ten subthemes, and 24 issues emerged from the data. The solutions developed were: care system reform, education system reform, payment system reform, and improves in culture-building and public education. Given the executive experience, the full familiarity, the occupational and geographical diversity of participants, the solutions proposed in this study could positively affect the implementation and improvement of the referral system in Iran. The suggested solutions are complementary to each other and have less interchangeability
Effect of Andrographolide on Paraoxonase 2 Expression in Male Wistar Rats
Get PDFBackground and purpose: The paraoxonase 2 is one of the paraoxonase family enzymes, which, unlike the paraoxonase 1 and 3, is an intracellular antioxidant system expressed in many cells. Andrographophyllide is a plant that has recently received attention and is used in many fields due to different properties, including antioxidant property. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of andrographolide on paraoxonase 2 expression.
Materials and methods: In this study, 18 Wistar rats were divided into three groups, including a control group (receiving physiologic serum) and two experimental groups that received 3.5 mg/kg andrographolide and 7 mg/kg andrographolide. Real-time PCR was performed to evaluate the expression of paraoxonase 2.
Results: Compared to the control group, andrographolide at 3.5 and 7 mg/kg body weight reduced the liver expression of paraoxonase 2. The rate of expression of paraoxonase 2 was somewhat similar in both doses.
Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, for the first time, current study showed that injection of andrographolide extract at 3.5 and 7mg/kg body weight of male rats reduced the expression of liver paraoxonase 2