Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
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Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance of Haemophilus Influenzae in Iran- A Meta-Analysis
Get PDFAbstract Introduction: Based on the World Health Organization reports, infections caused by ampicillin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae strains are a major threat to public health and need urgent therapy with new antibiotics. Given the lack of a previous comprehensive study on the prevalence of the antibiotic resistance of H. influenzae in Iran, this systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to increase the knowledge about antibiotic resistance status of this pathogenic agent.
Materials and Methods: For the purpose of the study, the articles related to the subject of interest and published up to August 2018 were searched in several English and Persian databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Scientific Information Database, and Magiran. The search process was accomplished using the following keywords: “Antibiotic resistance”, “H. influenzae”, and “Iran”. The data were pooled from 13 eligible studies reporting the prevalence of antibiotic resistance of H. influenzae in Iran. Results: The prevalence of H. influenzae resistance to various antibiotics in Iran, including ampicillin, amoxicillin, cephalexin, cefixime, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, and ceftizoxime, were obtained as 54.8%, 66.6%, 28.6%, 62%, 21.3%, 22.3%, 23.2%, respectively.These rates were reported as 27.7%, 46.7%, 53%, 82.6%, 40.3%, 30.8% for chloramphenicol, tetracycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, penicillin, erythromycin, and ciprofloxacin, respectively. Additionally, ceftriaxone, gentamicin, amikacin, kanamycin, rifampin, azithromycin, and clindamycin had the H. influenzae resistance rates of 33.1%, 40.2%, 45.8%, 44.4%, 18.5%, 17.4%, and 71.3%, respectively.
Conclusion: The majority of the antibiotics tested in Iran showed a high rate of resistance to H. influenzae. This may cause serious problems in the treatment of infections in the future. Therefore, precautionary measures, such as monitoring antibiotic prescription and resistance and using the new classes of antibiotics, are necessary
Terazosin or baclofen in young men with chronic orchialgia: A cohort study of 499 patients
Get PDFPurpose: We aimed to investigate the comparative efficacy of terazosin and baclofen in young men with chronic
orchialgia using National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index measurement.
Patients and methods: Of 499 young men with chronic orchialgia, 255 received a daily 2mg terazosin at bedtime and 244 received 10mg baclofen during a period of 3months. A daily 10-min hot-tub hip-bath rest was administered for all
patients. Moreover, all patients with grade 3 and 18 patients with grade 2 varicocele underwent varicocelectomy. The National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index score was assessed at baseline and 3months later.
Results: Both terazosin and baclofen groups experienced a significant reduction in mean National Institutes of Health
Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index score (24.78 and 24.81 at baseline to 19.68 and 19.60 after the treatment for
terazosin and baclofen groups, respectively). However, there was no significant difference between the groups with
regard to post-treatment National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index score after adjustment for
the pre-treatment score (p=0.987). A total of 85 patients (33.4%) in terazosin group and 74 patients (30.3%) in baclofen group underwent varicocelectomy. Addition of the varicocelectomy to the treatment as a multimodal approach had no further improvement in the National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index score.
Conclusion: Although a significant reduction was observed in mean National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis
Symptom Index score for both terazosin and baclofen groups, there was no significant difference between the treatments.
Moreover, addition of varicocelectomy to terazosin or baclofen could not significantly decrease National Institutes of Health Chronic Prostatitis Symptom Index score; thus, varicocelectomy may not be appropriate for men who have some success with medical management. Further randomized studies are warranted
The wall of distrust is tall yet between the patients and pharmacists; a study to unwrapped this sophisticated skein
Get PDFDespite the vast efforts to stabilize the key position of the pharmacist in the health system,
many people summarize the role of pharmacists in selling and distributing of medicines and
in this way the pharmacists are less likely to be imagine as the drug advisers by the patients.
One of the major reasons of non-efficient interaction between the pharmacist and the patient
is the inappropriate design of the physical space of the pharmacies. The main examples of
this mis-design categorized as four cases: inappropriate design of the counter, existence the
glass barriers between the patient and pharmacist, absence of counseling room and waiting
space of the pharmacy to preserve the patient's distance with other patients, and his privacy
right in counselling procedure. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of these
parameters on the viewpoint of pharmacists and patients about the quality of drug
counselling services.
This descriptive-analytic study was conducted in two phases. The first step was the
evaluation of pharmacies corresponding to the four above mentioned physical parameters.
The second step was to evaluate the views of pharmacists and patients related to the impact
of the mentioned parameters on the quality of drug counselling and their satisfaction with
these services. This phase was performed through filling the two separate questionnaires for
two target population groups (30 pharmacists and 90 patients). Data were analyzed using
SPSS software and statistical tests.The results showed that the design of the physical space of the pharmacies is often nonstandard,
suffered from lacking of the consulting rooms and suitable waiting space,
inappropriate glass barriers and non-standard height of counters. The results of the
ted that the mentioned defects caused an insecure space to the patients
and, as a result, their reluctance to receive pharmaceutical counseling from pharmacists. On
the other hand, despite the emphasis of pharmacists to change the physical space of
pharmacies to deliver the pharmaceutical services beter, they identified the economic factor
as one of the most important obstacles to reach this goal.
With regard to these findings, it is necessary to change the pharmacy space in order to
provide better services. These changes should be such that provide a safe, private,
comfortable, and direct access between the patient and pharmacist. Based on the findings
of the present and other studies, a schematic design of an ideal pharmacy is proposed in this
presentation
Comparison of the effect of fluoride varnish containing CPP-ACP and without CPP-ACP on demineralized lesion of primary dentition by measuring surface micro hardness of enamel
No full textIntroduction: Despite the high prevalence of dental caries, there is little information on the ability of remineralization of varnish fluids containing CPP-ACP. The aim of this study is to compare the effect of fluoride varnish with and without CPP-ACP on demineralized lesion of primary dentition by measuring surface micro hardness of enamel.
Materials and Methods: In this Experimental research, 50 naturally exfoliated primary incisor teeth were taken from 6 to 10 years old children. After preparation of teeth and standard flat surfaces, synthetic demineralized lesions were made in enamel samples by immersion in demineralizing solution for 96 h in incubation. Four different fluoride varnishes, MI varnish, V varnish, Centrix varnish, Ariadent varnish were investigated; baseline surface micro hardness was measured and Vickers micro hardness grade were evaluated for each sample. After demineralization and varnish application, all samples were subjected to a pH cycle for 8 days, and the enamel surface hardness was measured after the pH cycle using a Vickers micro hardness apparatus, and the results obtained using the Paired t-test and analysis of covariance that were analyzed with SPSS software version 22.
Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference in the surface micro hardness of the primary enamel white spot lesions after using and not using varnishes. Also, fluoride varnish containing CPP-ACP (MI Varnish) improves the surface micro hardness of the enamel white spot lesions more than other non-CPP-ACP varnishes used in this study, but there is no significant difference in the surface micro hardness of white spot lesions in V.varnish groups with Centrix. Ariadent and Centrix with Ariadent.
Conclusion: Fluoride varnishes containing CPP-ACP especially MI Varnish increase the surface micro hardness of the enamel white spot lesions
Analyzing Nurses’ Responsibilities in the Neonatal Intensive Care
No full textBackground: Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is a critical unit in terms of nursing care with a high risk of error incidence.
Objectives: This research aimed at determining the type of nursing task mistake, the risk level of the nurse’s duties, and assessing the probability of human error in the duties of the nurse.
Methods: This research was a case study. The location of NICU research was Alavi and Bouali Hospitals in Ardabil University of Medical Sciences in 2018. The study was performed using HTA, SHERPA and SPAR-H methods.
Results: Having analyzed the occupational hierarchy, 17 main tasks and 35 subtasks were identified and studied in NICUs. Among 156 error cases, 43.59% were action errors (highest frequency) and 8.97% were selection errors (lowest frequency). The most common errors in terms of the type of task and probability of errors were “air and respiratory ventilation”, “thermal and respiratory monitoring”, “examination, evaluation and control of the newborn’s pain”, and “administering drugs”.
Conclusions: The factors affecting performance such as time, psychological and physical stress, workload, work complexity, mental effort, experience and education, instruction, ergonomics principles, work planning, safety culture, management policy, and organizational support had the greatest impact on the probability of nurse errors
Lifetime prevalence, sociodemographic predictors, and comorbidities of oppositional defiant disorder: the National Epidemiology of Iranian Child and Adolescent Psychiatric disorders (IRCAP)
Get PDFObjective: This was the first national epidemiological study on oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) in Iran, which provided new information about the prevalence, comorbidities, and sociodemographic predictors of ODD.
Methods: Data from a face-to-face household survey of 30,532 children and adolescents aged
6-18 years were collected from across all 31 provinces of Iran using a multistage cluster sampling design. The Persian version of the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children – Present and Lifetime Version (K-SADS-PL) was used in this study.
Results: The lifetime prevalence of ODD was found to be 3.9%. ODD was significantly more common in boys than girls and appeared in late adolescence more frequently than in childhood. A lower prevalence of ODD was found among participants who lived in rural areas. ODD is highly likely to co-occur with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, separation anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and depressive disorders.
Conclusions: The findings of this national population-based study confirm and extend previous
findings on the prevalence, comorbidities, and sociodemographic predictors of ODD
Evaluation of angiographic results in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with reteplase in Imam Khomeini Hospital of Ardabil
No full textBackground and Objective:. The use of thrombolytic drugs is one of the most important early steps in the treatment of patients with myocardial infarction, especially in centers without angiographic facilities. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of retplase drug on reducing the stenosis of patients with myocardial infarction.
Methods: The study population included 46 patients with AMI. Required data were extracted from the patients' files and finally evaluated using SPSS statistical software and presented with tables and graphs.
Results: in our study, The mean age was 61.28 years, an average of receiving retaplase 42 minutes after admission to Hospital.The results of our study showed that the initial treatment with retaplase decreased the stenosis rate in 33 out of the 46 population(73/71%). Also, there was no significant relationship between the time of taking reteplase and the time of arrive to emergency department after the onset of pain with the need for PCI.This decrease was obtained according to the angiographic results of patients after receiving retplase.
Conclusion: The use of retaplase drug in patients with acute myocardial infarction as soon as they are referred to the treatment center has a significant effect on reducing the stenosis in these patients. Therefore, it is recommended that this drug should be available in centers without angiograghy and should be educated on how to use it in these centers
The effect of shock wave therapy on pain relief in patients with plantar fasciitis referred to Fatemi hospital
Get PDFBackground and Objective: Plantar fasciitis is the most common cause of heel pain. In the United States, nearly two million people are treated for this problem each year. Given the importance of this issue and the lack of similar studies in this area at the provincial level, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of shock wave therapy in patients with plantar fasciitis.
Methods: Eighty patients referred to the orthopedic clinic with plantar fasciitis were enrolled in the study. Relevant demographic questionnaires including age, gender, height, weight, place of residence, education, etc. were completed before the study. Group A was treated with shockwave (ESWD) and naproxen tablets, and group B was treated with naproxen tablets as control group. In order to determine the effect of interventions, improvement of pain symptoms was the criterion. Pain level questionnaire before and 4 and 8 weeks after the intervention was used for this purpose. Finally, the treatment outcome was compared at 4 and 8 weeks after treatment.
Results: The mean age of the shockwave + NSAID was 48.07 with a standard deviation of 10.74 and the mean age of NSAID was 50.95 with a standard deviation of 9.86. The mean age of the patients was 49.51 with a standard deviation of 10.34. 19 men and 61 women were included in the study. The mean age of the men was 50.47 and 49.21 for women. In the case of body mass index, the mean BMI was 26.9 in men and 26.7 in women. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the two groups. About 59 residents lived in the city and 21 in the village
Conclusion: The present study showed that Shockwave + NSAID and NSAID + alone were effective in improving the disease, but the efficacy of NSAID + was more effectiv
Evaluation of correlation between serum levels of Decoy receptor 3 and IL-6 with echocardiography and angiography finding in acute myocardial infarction patients and compared their results with stable angina patients results
Get PDFBakground and objective: Cardiovascular diseases are among leading causes of mortality worldwide. Some risk facors are hyperlipidemia, smoking and familial history. DcR3 is a member of TNFRSF superfamily which has probable affects on atherosclerosis due to its effects on inflammation process.
Methods: In this case-control study, 3 groups, each including 30 people were enrolled. First group was containing AMI patients, second group was containing SAP patients and third group was containing healthy individuals. Demographic, Echocardiographic, laboratory findings (such as DcR3 and IL-6) were gathered and been analysed.
Results: The results suggested that DcR3 levels was significantly higher in AMI patients as well as IL-6. also, EFT and EFT index were higher in AMI patients compared to the SAP and control group. More evaluations reveald a significant correlation between DcR3 with CK-MB, HsTnT, Gensini score, EFT, WBC count and IL-6 levels. also, a reverse correlation was found between DcR3 with LVEF and e' Lateral.
Conclusions: In conclusion, the current study revealed a positive association of DcR3 with EFT for the first time in AMI patients. In addition, these results represent a relationship between DcR3 and IL-6, WBC count, CK-MB, troponin-T, Gensini, and LVEF. Various factors such as atherosclerosis are involved in the pathogenesis of CAD. It has been suggested that an increase in DcR3 through inflammation may influence the process of atherosclerosis. Although this study does not show the causal link between DcR3 and CAD in patients with AMI, it suggests a role for DcR3 in these patients
THE EFFECT OF CONJUGATED LINOLEIC ACID ON OXIDATIVE STRESS AND MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES 2 AND 9 IN PATIENTS WITH COPD
Get PDFPURPOSE:Natural antioxidants in foods may be used in prevention and treatment of oxidative stress and inflammation inCOPD. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) supplement as natural antioxidants onoxidative stress levels, and MMP2 and MMP9 serum levels in COPD patients.METHODS:This clinical trial study was conducted on 90 (supplement and control group) COPD patients. After obtainingwritten consent, general information was collected from each patient using a validated and reliable questionnaire. Supplementgroup received 3.2 g of CLA and those in the control group were given 3.2 g of placebo for 6 weeks on a daily basis.Fasting bloodsamples were taken from all of the patients for testing of malondialdehyde, MMP2 and MMP9 levels at the beginning and end ofthe study.RESULTS:There were no significant differences between the two groups with regard to mean age, smoking status, and serumlevel of MDA at the beginning of the study. In the supplement group, the serum level of MDA decreased significantly at the end ofthe 6th week compared to that in the beginning of the study (p¼0.0004), while in the placebo group, the difference was found tobe insignificant. The serum level of MMP9 decreased significantly in the supplement group, while in the placebo group its levelincreased significantly as compared to that at the beginning of the study (p,0.05)CONCLUSIONS:that CLA supplementation may be helpful for COPD patients through inhibiting the production of oxidativestress and controlling MMP9 serum level