Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
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Removing amoxicillin antibiotic from aqueous solutions by Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast bioadsorbent: kinetic, thermodynamic and isotherm studies
Get PDFAntibiotics are used throughout the world and enter the water resources in different ways after consumption and have turned into one of the important concerns for humans due to their adverse effects of which amoxicillin (AMX) could be referred to. Thus, present research aims to study the efficiency of bioadsorbent produced from Saccharomyces Cerevisiae yeast in removing AMX antibiotic from aqueous solutions. The present experimental study was carried out in a discontinued reaction chamber with an optimal volume of 100 cc. The physical and structural specifications of the produced bioadsorbent were analyzed using FTIR, SEM and BET techniques. This study was carried out by culturing Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain yeast on the culture medium of Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and the yeast was transferred to potato dextrose broth (PDB) culture, 5 to 7 days after the primary growth of the yeast in order to produce yeast extensively. The effects of pH (2-8), initial concentration of AMX (5-25 mg/L), the amount of bioadsorbent (0.1-1.5 g/L) and contact time (10-240 min) parameters were studied in this process. The isothermal models of Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin- Radushkevich were used to determine the balance isotherms, pseudo first and second order kinetic model adsorption process kinetics. Results revealed that the highest efficiency of AMX removal was obtained by bread yeast bioadsorbent at initial antibiotic concentration of 5 mg/L, bioadsorbent concentration, 0.75 g/L and optimal conditions including pH of 5 and contact time of 120 min (93%). Also, results indicate that the adsorption of AMX with the correlation coefficient of 0.939 follows the Freundlich model. Experimental data showed that AMX follows the pseudo-second order kinetics with the correlation coefficient of 0.99. It can be concluded that the use of the bread bioadsorbent yeast for reducing the pollution load of hospital and manufacturing industries’ sewage before entering into conventional treatment units and also before the final discharge of wastewaters containing antibiotic pollutants
Effects of renal ischemia-reperfusion on biochemical factors and histopathological alterations in the liver of male rats
Get PDFIntroduction: One of the main reasons for acute renal failure is the renal ischemiareperfusion. It seems that renal ischemia-reperfusion-induced oxidative stress not only lead to alterations in renal function but also causes tissue alterations in distant organs such as the liver. The purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of renal ischemia-reperfusion on biochemical factors and histopathological changes in the liver of male rats. Methods: Forty male rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, the sham group (only laparotomy), right nephrectomy and ischemic-reperfusion (right nephrectomy + left ischemic- reperfusion). In the end, following anesthesia, blood and liver samples were taken for the measurement of biochemical factors (malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels) and histopathological changes. Results: The result of this study indicated that renal ischemia-reperfusion significantly decreased SOD and increased MDA, AST, ALP and ALT compared to sham-control group (P<0.05). In addition, histopathological findings show that ischemia-reperfusion significantly increased apoptotic cells (P<0.05) and causes the disorganized arrangement of the hepatic plate, severe hepatocellular cytoplasmic vacuolation and extensive nuclear pyknosis. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that renal ischemia-reperfusion-induced liver damage, accompanied by decreasing of antioxidant capacity and increasing of oxidative stress and apoptosis in the liver
Efficacy of duloxetine and gabapentin in pain reduction in patients with knee osteoarthritis
No full textIntroduction
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a common form of arthritis in elders which can lead to reduced daily activity and quality of life. It is important to administer a proper treatment with high efficacy and low side effects. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of duloxetine and gabapentin in patients with moderate to severe knee OA.
Method
In this randomized clinical trial, 150 patients with moderate to severe knee OA were randomly allocated to receive duloxetine 30 mg (n = 50), gabapentin 300 mg (n = 50), or acetaminophen 1000 mg (n = 50) all twice a day for 12 weeks. Pain severity using visual analogue scale (VAS) and functional status using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) were measured before, 2 weeks, 1 month, and 3 months after intervention.
Results
WOMAC total and its subscale score were significantly lower in duloxetine compared to gabapentin in 2 weeks and 1 months after intervention, with no significant difference at the end of the third month. Both gabapentin and duloxetine groups had significantly more reduction in pain VAS and WOMAC and its subscales compared to acetaminophen group, with no significant difference between groups.
Conclusions
Both gabapentin and duloxetine have similar and acceptable effects in pain reduction and improvement of functional status in patients with knee OA at the end of the third month’s treatment. Duloxetine effects begin from the first weeks, while gabapentin effects begin gradually with the best at the end of the third month
Insights into the current status of privileged N-heterocycles as antileishmanial agents
No full textLeishmania, one of the most important neglected tropical diseases, is endemic in several regions of the world and hence regarded as a serious threat to public health. Major difficulties with current chemotherapeutic agents raise issues such as toxicity, resistance, cost and other side effects. These issues necessitate development of potentially new chemical entities against diverse leishmanial species. Numerous natural and synthetic new antileishmanial molecules have been described for disease management. Careful inspection of scientific reports revealed that considerable amount of promising antileishmanial agents belonged to the nitrogen-containing heterocycles such as quinoline, triazole, pyrazole, imidazole, indole, pyrimidine, β-carboline, quinoxaline, quinazoline and benzimidazole. In this regard, enormous chemical data provide the opportunity for systematic elucidation of structural requirements against different leishmanial species. Within this representation, insights into the current status of privileged N-heterocycles as antileishmanial agents with particular emphasis on structure activity relationships are reviewed
Comparison of Basic Psychological Needs and Different Levels of Theory of Mind between Mothers of Oppositional Defiant Disorder and Hyperactivity / Attention Deficit Disorder Children
Get PDFBackground & objectives: This study was conducted to compare the basic psychological
needs and different levels of Theory of mind between mothers of oppositional defiant disorder
and hyperactivity / attention deficit disorder children
Methods: The statistical population of the study included all mothers of childern with
oppositional defiant disorder and hyperactivity/attention deficit disorder in psychiatric clinics
of Fatemi hospital of Ardabil in 1396-1397. These mothers were randomly assigned in to two
groups (35 people in group ODD & 35 people in group ADHD). The instruments used in this
study were: Theory of mind, basic psychological needs and Children's Symptoms
Questionnaire (CSI-4 Parent Form). The collected data were entered into SPSS-21 software
and analyzed by data analysis method. Multivariate variance (MANOVA) was used.
Results: The results of the analysis of variance finding show that is no significant difference
between mental theory (p>0.407, F=0.697) of basic psychological needs such as competency
(p>0.336, F=0.393) self-determination (p>0.597, F=0.283) and communication (p>03.387, F=0.760) between two groups of mothers of children with oppositional defiant disorder and
hyperactivity disorder/attention deficit.
Conclusion: These results show that the importance of paying attention to the basic
psychological needs and the theory of the minds of mothers of these children in improving the
educational status of social communication and emotional assessments and cognitive
development of the child
Maternal exposure causes mitochondrial dysfunction in brain, liver, and heart of mouse fetus: An explanation for perfluorooctanoic acid induced abortion and developmental toxicity
No full textPerfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is an octanoic acid and is found in wildlife and humans. We have investigated mitochondrial toxicity in isolated mitochondria from, placenta, brain, liver, and heart after oral exposure with PFOA in mice during gestational days (7‐15). Histopathological examination and mitochondrial toxicity parameters were assayed. Results indicated that PFOA decreased the weight of the fetus and placenta, the length of the fetus and the diameter of the placenta, dead fetuses and dead macerated fetuses in treated mice with 25 mg/kg. Histopathological examination showed that PFOA induced pathological abnormalities in liver, brain, heart, and placenta. Also, PFOA induced mitochondria toxicity in brain, liver, heart of mouse fetus. Our results indicate that PFOA up to 20 mg/kg exposure adversely affect embryofetal/developmental because for mitochondria dysfunction. These results suggested that mitochondrial dysfunction induced by PFOA in liver, heart, and brain lead to developmental toxicity and abnormality in tissues
Infliximab in treatment of idiopathic refractory childhood pyoderma gangrenosum (PG)
Get PDFAbstract: We report a case of refractory idiopathic childhood pyoderma gangrenosum in a young boy who had suffered from this disease since 3 years of age. He had unfavorable responses and intermittent relapses under different combinations of cytotoxic and steroid therapies. Although there was not much information available about infliximab use for biologic and childhood pyoderma gangrenosum, eventually we decided to use infliximab in this patient. Infliximab showed a dramatic response and resulted in full recovery during 2 years’ follow-up
Enhancing immunogenicity of novel multistage subunit vaccine of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using PLGA:DDA hybrid nanoparticles and MPLA : subcutaneous administration
Get PDFObjective(s): A new strategy in recent studies is using effective tuberculosis (TB) subunit vaccines combined with appropriate carriers and adjuvants which have shown promising results in preclinical and clinical studies. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the PLGA:DDA hybrid nanoparticles (NPs) for subcutaneous delivery of a novel multistage subunit vaccine along with MPLA adjuvant against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). Materials and Methods: PLGA and PLGA:DDA NPs containing HspX/EsxS fusion protein and MPLA were prepared by double emulsion method (w/o/w). After characterization, these NPs were subcutaneously administered to BALB/c mice aged 6-8 weeks old. Immunogenicity of formulations were assessed by measuring the level of IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17 and TGF-β cytokines as well as IgG1, IgG2a and IgA antibodies using ELISA. Results: Both particles had spherical shape and smooth surface with 316.7 ± 12.7 nm in size, surface charge of -33 ± 1.7 mV, and encapsulation efficiency of 92.2 ± 2% for PLGA NPs and 249.7 ± 16.7 nm in size, surface charge of 39 ± 1.8 mV, and encapsulation efficiency of 35.7 ± 1.4% for PLGA:DDA NPs. The highest IFN-γ response and also IgG2a and IgG1 antibodies titers were observed in groups immunized with PLGA:DDA/HspX/EsxS/MPLA and PLGA:DDA/HspX/EsxS/MPLA as booster as well as PLGA:DDA/HspX/EsxS and PLGA:DDA/HspX/EsxS as booster.
Conclusion: With regard to effective induction of IFN-γ and IgG2a immune responses, PLGA:DDA hybrid NP along with MPLA adjuvant have good potentials for improving the immunogenicity of HspX/EsxS multistage subunit vaccine as well as promoting BCG efficacy as a BCG prime-boost
