Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
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Prevalence of Hookah Smoking among University Students in Iran: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
Get PDFBackground: The rise in popularity of waterpipe smoking among younger people cause increase its deleterious effects on health in recent years. The aim of this study was to estimate the pooled prevalence of water-pipe smoking in university students in Iran.
Methods: We performed the literature search from 1946 to January 21, 2019, in several international and na-tional databases such as Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, Magiran, Iranmedex, and IranPsych. To investigate the between-study heterogeneity we used the chi-squared test and I2 index. We used a random-effects model to estimate the pooled prevalence of water-pipe smoking. The potential source of heter-ogeneity was assessed by subgroup analysis and meta-regression.
Results: According to the eligibility criteria, we included 37 relevant studies in our meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of lifetime water-pipe smoking was 25% (95% CI: 22-29) and in male and female subgroups was 37% (95%CI: 30-45), 17% (95%CI: 15-19) respectively. The pooled prevalence of water-pipe smoking in last year was 21% (95%CI: 16-25) and in last month was 8% (95%CI: 5-11). Results of meta-regression analysis showed that there was not any significant association between suspected variables and the prevalence of water-pipe smoking.
Conclusion: The higher prevalence rate of water pipe smoking among university students indicates the emer-gency need for planning preventive program
Epidemiology of Death and Years of Life Lost (YLL) Due to Accidents in Ardabil Province
Get PDFIntroduction: Accidents are one of the main causes of death in many countries of the world. Iran has one of the highest death rates due to unintentional injuries among countries. The first step in preventing and controlling accidents is collecting basic information about the extent and types of injuries.
Methods: This study was conducted to estimate the burden of death due to accidents and injuries in Ardabil province. Death information was extracted from the death registration system of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences. The World Health Organization website has been used to calculate the number of years lost in life.
Results: A total of 402 deaths due to accidents, 76.9% were male and 23.1% were female. The average age of the deceased was 39.4 and 54.2% lived in urban areas and 45.8% lived in rural areas. The YLLs for the total population was 16493 years. The largest amount was related to traffic accidents with 6628 years. The highest number of years was lost in the age group of 20 to 24 years.
Discussion: The incidence of death from accidents was estimated to be 31.64 in 100,000 people. Considering the high mortality rate and the resulting YLL in Ardabil province, this issue should be considered as a serious public health problem and planning to prevent these injuries
The effect of educational program based on the health belief model in adopting dental caries preventive behavior's in pregnant mothers referring to health treatment centers in Ardabil
Get PDFBackground: Oral and dental diseases are one of the most common diseases and oral hygiene is one of the important branches of public health which is more important during pregnancy. This study aimed to determine the effect of the educational intervention on oral health behaviours in pregnant mothers.
Methods: In this intervention study, 170 pregnant women in the city of Ardabil were randomly selected and divided into two case and control groups (each of 85 people). The data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire based on the Health Belief Model of oral health care and then they were analysed using the SPSS version 19.
Results: Demographic data in both case and control groups were approximately the same. The mean of health belief model variables increased significantly after intervention (P 0.05). Mothers also obtained the most information on the prevention of dental caries before intervention through television programs but after the intervention, they obtained the most information through the curriculum. In this study, before the intervention, 23.7% of mothers used dental floss once a day. After training, this amount reached 40.8% of mothers.
Conclusions: Findings showed that educational intervention based on the health belief model can promote oral health behaviors. Therefore, it is recommended to conduct health education courses at the community level
Slurred Speech in Biophysics
Get PDFOne of the important factors in scientific publication is the transition of the concepts in the forms of words and terms. The proper use of the “language of science” is an aid to clear and effective communication in science.
Biophysical sciences encompass all thermo-chemical and thermo-physical property measurements and calculations on biochemical and biological systems. A great deal has been written on the standards in units, reactions experimental design, analysis, data collection, and technical calibration of used instruments in bio-thermodynamics. The dark side of this subject is undermining the importance of terminology and nomenclature which attracted less attention in scientific literatures
We collected all documents having the “protein” and “thermodynamics” in title, abstract or keywords in the Scopus website. Search results were sorted by received citation. The abstracts of 2000 high-cited articles were downloaded and the frequencies of all words were counted. Top mostly-used thermodynamic terms were selected for further study. Some most-used terms are as; folding, stability, transition, native, conformation, unfolding, stable, domain. We noticed that there is no unique definition for these high frequent terms and the meanings of these terms are highly dependent on the methods used in the article.
The main failure of biophysics and related fields may be the misusing of the terms. This led authors and readers to have their own perceptions of the publication that may completely controversial. It seems that there is urgent need to shed light on the dark side of bio- thermodynamics by precise definition of specific terms
Analyzing Nurses’ Responsibilities in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Using SHERPA and SPAR-H Techniques
Get PDFBackground: Neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) is a critical unit in terms of nursing care with a high risk of error incidence.
Objectives: This research aimed at determining the type of nursing task mistake, the risk level of the nurse’s duties, and assessing the probability of human error in the duties of the nurse.
Methods: This research was a case study. The location of NICU research was Alavi and Bouali Hospitals in Ardabil University of Medical Sciences in 2018. The study was performed using HTA, SHERPA and SPAR-H methods.
Results: Having analyzed the occupational hierarchy, 17 main tasks and 35 subtasks were identified and studied in NICUs. Among 156 error cases, 43.59% were action errors (highest frequency) and 8.97% were selection errors (lowest frequency). The most common errors in terms of the type of task and probability of errors were “air and respiratory ventilation”, “thermal and respiratory monitoring”, “examination, evaluation and control of the newborn’s pain”, and “administering drugs”.
Conclusions: The factors affecting performance such as time, psychological and physical stress, workload, work complexity, mental effort, experience and education, instruction, ergonomics principles, work planning, safety culture, management policy, and organizational support had the greatest impact on the probability of nurse errors
The experience of pregnancy in women with high body mass: a hermeneutical/phenomenological study
Get PDFOverweight is one of the most common health problems and risk factors for many prenatal illnesses. The proportion of pregnant women with high body mass would be increased by increasing body mass in society. The purpose of this study was to explain the pregnancy experience in women with high body mass index. An interpretive phenomenological approach was used to conduct this study. Participants included ten pregnant women with high body mass index who were interviewed. All interviews were recorded and transcribed after permission from the participants in order to explain the phenomenon under study and the data were analyzed by using the Van Manen method in MAXQDA version-10 software to emerge their themes and their basic patterns. Out of the 857 extracted primary codes, the experience of women with high birth weight was summarized in the main theme of "Pregnancy concurrent with concern". This theme comprised the following subthemes: "sense of risk", "lack of care facilities for mothers with high body mass index", "obesity as a stigma", and "lack of specialized care". This Hermeneutic phenomenology study showed that pregnant women with high body mass are a vulnerable group. Their pregnancy concurrent with more concern requires more care and support. Service providers, in particular midwives, nurses, and doctors, should be aware of their attitudes and behaviors toward this group of clients and avoid any stereotypical and harassing care behaviors
Spatial distribution and infection rate of leishmaniasis vectors (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Ardabil Province, Northwest of Iran
No full textObjective: To determine the spatial distribution and infection rate of sand flies as vectors of Leishmania parasite in Ardabil province, northwest of Iran. Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The sand flies were collected from 30 areas in all 10 districts of Ardabil province during 2017. The specimens were caught using the sticky traps. The head and genitalia of sand flies were separated and mounted in Berlese solution for microscopic identification. The Geographical Information System ArcMap10.4.1 software was used to provide the spatial maps. Results: A total of 2 794 sand flies specimens were collected and 22 species of sand flies were identified from the two genera: Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia from Ardabil province. The highest frequency was found in Phlebotomus papatasi (23.7%) followed by Phlebotomus kandelakii (13.0%). The promastigote form of Leishmania infantum parasite has been reported from the three main vectors of visceral leishmaniasis (Phlebotomus kandelakii, Phlebotomus perfiliewi and Phlebotomus tobbi) from Ardabil province, where the spatial distribution map of these visceral leishmaniasis vectors was prepared. Some important species of sand flies such as Phlebotomus kandelakii, Phlebotomus perfiliewi and Phlebotomus tobbi were reported and identified as main and probable vectors of visceral leishmaniasis in Ardabil. Conclusions: According to the Geographic Information System based maps, the frequency of the sand flies as leishmaniasis vectors, the leishmania parasite infection rate and the prevalence of the disease in the central areas of Ardabil province are higher than in other areas in Ardabil province
Evaluating The Iatrogenic Errors And The Quality Of Root Canal Treatment Of Mandibular Premolars In Ardabil Population Using The CBCT In 2018
Get PDFBackground: Endodontic procedures such as root canal treatment would be at the risk of failure like other medical interventions due to any unsuitable conditions. In this regard, applying low-efficiency techniques can cause several negative consequences such as errors in length, cleaning, shaping, and the quality of obturation. The aim of this study is to determine the iatrogenic errors and the quality of root canal treatments on mandibular premolars in Ardabil population by the aid of CBCT images in 2018.
Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study was carried out using the archive of Dr. Basser Radiology Center in 2018. Axial, coronal, and sagittal sections of CBCT images were observed for detecting missing canals, perforations, ledges, vertical root fractures and also the quality of endodontic filling. The observation process was done by an endodontist, a radiologist, and a dentistry student. The data collected from this study were analyzed using SPSS software version 20 and the descriptive statistical method (frequency and percentage) was used for reporting the results.
Results: The results showed that the most common error was underfilling in second and first mandibular premolar (9.5% compared with 9.2%), respectively. Overfilling and missing canal are the second and third common errors in this study (6.3% and 3.9%). ledge, perforation and vertical root fracture in the second premolar were the least common failures (0.26%). However, perforation and vertical root fracture were Not found in the first mandibular premolars. It was observed that missing canals occur in three types; i.e., Lingual, Mesial, and Buccal. All the missing canals of the first mandibular premolar were lingual. In comparison, in the second premolar, 71.4% of missing canals were lingual and the rest were Mesial or Buccal (each of them was 14.3%).
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the most common mistakes were errors in length and missing canals, So more education toward working length determination techniques, using electric apex locator, more knowledge about anatomy variation and using CBCT in doubtful case is recommended
The possible role of bacteria, viruses, and parasites in initiation and exacerbation of irritable bowel syndrome
No full textIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a prolonged and disabling functional gastrointestinal disorder with the incidence rate of 18% in the world. IBS could seriously affect lifetime of patients and cause high economic burden on the community. The pathophysiology of the IBS is hardly understood, whereas several possible mechanisms, such as visceralM hypersensitivity, irregular gut motility, abnormal brain–gut relations, and the role of infectious agents, are implicated in initiation and development of this syndrome. Different studies demonstrated an alteration in Blymphocytes,
mast cells (MC), T‐lymphocytes, and cytokine concentrations in intestinal mucosa or systemic circulation that are likely to contribute to the formation of the IBS. Therefore, IBS could be developed in those with genetic predisposition. Infections’ role in initiation and exacerbation of IBS has been investigated by quite several clinical studies; moreover, the possible role of some pathogens in development and exacerbation of this disease has been described. It
appears that the main obligatory pathogens correspond with the IBS disease, Clostridium difficile, Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, Campylobacter concisus, Campylobacter jejuni, Chlamydia trachomatis, Helicobacter pylori, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella spp, Shigella spp, and viruses, particularly noroviruses. A number of pathogenic parasites (Blastocystis, Dientamoeba fragilis , and Giardia lamblia) may also be involved in the progression and exacerbation of the
disease. Based on the current knowledge, the current study concludes that the most common bacterial, viral, and parasitic pathogens may be involved in the development and progression of IBS
CINCA Syndrome With New NLRP3 Mutation and Unreported Complication of Thyroid Carcinoma
Get PDFBackground:
Chronic infantile neurologic cutaneous and articular syndrome (CINCA) is the most severe phenotype of cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS) and is caused by a missense mutation in NLRP3 gene.
Case presentation:
We are reporting a 15-year-old male patient with complaints of chronic arthritis and mental involvement. Further investigations showed a heterozygous c.785G>A missense mutation in Exon 3 of NLRP3 gene and coexisting medullary thyroid carcinoma 2 years later.
Conclusions:
This case showed a recently identified gene variant of NLRP3 in a CINCA patient, as a heterozygous c.785G>A missense mutation in Exon 3 of NLRP3 gene and coexisted medullary thyroid carcinoma as an unreported complication of CINCA