Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
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Exposure and risk assessment of PAHs in indoor air of waterpipe cafés in Ardebil, Iran
No full textBackground: PAHs are among the compounds of concern for human health due to the toxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic, and persistent and bio-accumulative properties of certain types of the PAHs. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) bound to particulate matter (PM) in the indoor air of waterpipe cafés of Ardebil city, and to further assess the health risk due to exposure to PAHs.
Materials & Methods: 50 out of 236 cafés were selected using systematic random sampling method and air samples were taken from standing breathing zone of smokers and employees by using SKC sampling pumps at the flow rate of 2 l/min for 4 h to collect a total air volume of 480 liters. Polytetrafluoroethylene filters (2 μm, 47 μm diameter, SKC Inc.) were used as sampling media. The extracted samples from filters were analyzed for PAHs by a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.
Results: The results showed that the mean indoor concentration of PAHs in the cafés was 5522.1±594.8 ng/m3. It was 5915.2±650.5, 2404±271.4, and 7304.9±846.0 ng/m3 for cafés with fruit flavored tobacco, regular tobacco, and the both, respectively. The means of the hazard quotient (HQ) for PAHs in different age groups, including 11 to 01 ,01< to 20 ,20<
and older, and the cafés employees were 0.35, 0.75, 3.65, and 18, respectively. Also, the mean of estimated cancer risk (LTCR) for PAHs in the aforementioned age groups and employees were 0.65 (10-5), 1.31(10-5), 6.43 (10-5) and 31.3 (10-5), respectively.
Conclusion: The results indicated the increased health risk levels related to the inhalation of tobacco smoke due to PAHs concentrations in the waterpipe cafés .
Keywords: Poly aromatic hydrocarbons ،risk assessment ،waterpipe cafés ،indoor air pollution ،particulate matte
Cone-Beam Computed Tomographic Analysis of the Iatrogenic Errors Incidence and the Quality of Root Canal Treatments in the Mandibular Permanent Molars in Ardabil city-2018
Get PDFBackground and Aim
Root canal therapies are of the most prevalent treatments in dentistry which should be done accurately by the dentists and endodontists. In addition, the incidence of iatrogenic errors make the prognosis of the treatments poorer, however, some of them are unavoidable. This study assessed the quality of endodontic treatments and the incidence of iatrogenic errors in these treatments perfomed by the dentists of Ardabil city by means of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) on 2018.
Materials and Methods
In a descriptive cross-sectional trial, 328 patients (182 females, 146 males) having CBCT images of their mandibular molars (90 right 1st molar, 80 left 1st molars, 72 right 2nd molars and 86 left 2nd molars) taken at 2 private radiology centers at Ardabil city were included. The patients' mandibular molars have received root canal therapies. Mandibular molars were assessed on the sagital, coronal and axial dimensions of CBCTs regarding iatrogenic errors of underfilling, overfilling, filling density, unknown canals, broken instrument, apical perforation, strip perforation, ledge, transportation, root fracture, root resorption, and the presence of apical lesions. The assessments were done by a final year dental student under the supervision of a radiologist and an endodontist. The frequency and percent of the errors were reported totally and regarding their incidence in different canals of the molars. The errors' prevalence were statistically analyzed by chi-square test in terms of patients' gender and molar types.
Results
Underfilling was seen in 144 (34.8%) teeth while the errors of undiscovered canal, overfilling, filling density, apical perforation, transportation, ledge, broken instrument, root fracture and strip perforation were seen in 57(17.4%), 55(16.8%), 47(14.3%), 24(7.3 %), 20(6.1%), 14 (4.3%), 10(3.0%), 4(1.2%) and 2 (0.06%) respectively. Furthermore, the symptoms of root resorption and apical lesions were seen in 18 (5.5%) and 151 (46.0%).
The incidence of root fracture in females was higher than males (2.7% vs. 0%; p<0.05) while no other significant differences were noted regarding the incidence of other iatrogenic errors between males and females. Again, different significant rates of iatrogenic errors were seen in right and left 1st molars and also right and left 2nd molars regarding underfilling (37.8%, 20.0%, 47.2 % anmd 34.9%; p<0.005); undiscovered canal (13.3%, 12.5%, 30.6% and 15.1%; p<0.01) and transport (10.0%, 3.8%, 9.7% and 1.2%; p<0.04). No other significant differences were noted about other iatrogenic errors among molars types.
Conclusion
The most prevalent iatrogenic errors in the root canal treatments done in the mandibular permanent molars were underfilling, undiscovered canal and overfilling. In order to decrease the frequency of these errors, it is necessary for the dentists to receive more education in this field and improve the quality of their treatments
Evaluation of Musculoskeletal Disorders and Level of Work Activity in Staff of the Public Educational Hospital of Iran, 2019
Get PDFIntroduction: Hospital staffs, particularly the one in direct contact with patients, have the highest rates of musculoskeletal disorders. Lack of physical activity and muscle weakness cause the complication. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the musculoskeletal disorders and the level of work activity in the staff of an educational hospital. Methods: A descriptive-analytic study was conducted on 312 staff in Ardebil Educational Hospital. The data collection methods were interviews, the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, and Baecke Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire. Statistical analyses were done using SPSS19. Results: The subjects had a moderate level of physical activity. The highest level of physical activity occurred during work activities. Hospital staff experienced the most severe pain in their low back, knee and neck region over the last year. It was found that MSDs in the low back, shoulder, upper back, and knee regions significantly correlated with one’s physical activity. Conclusion: Work activity increases the risk of knee pain, shoulder pain, and LBP. Thus, hospital employee’s especially female workers are recommended to have reformed workstations, moderated physical activity loads, and regular exercises
Investigation the frequency of suicide attempts and its related factors among referrals to Imam Khomeini Hospital of Ardabil in 2018
No full textBackground and objectives: Suicidal bahaviour is a serious public health issue and suicide attempt is considered as an important index in social health. In this regard suicide attempt is defined as an incomplete action which has not ended in death. Usually, suicide and suicide attempts are related. This Research studied suicide attempts and its correlated factors.
Methods: The current study is a cross sectional descriptive one. In this study, 565 cases of suicide attempts which has occurred during 1397 and visited Ardabils' imam Khomeini hospital were enrolled. Demographic and information related to suicide attempts were gathered with Field method using archieve.
Results:of 565 individuals 260 (46%) were men. Mean age of individuals who attempted suicide was 30.35±13.44 years amd majority of cased were living at urban areas. 33.45% of attempts occurred in individuals which had a history of pschiatric illness and using medication was the most common way of suicide attmept. Sedative hypnotics were the most common medications used in this way.
Conclusions: finaly it can be concluded that although in Ardabil socitey prevalence of suicide attempts are more in women, the difference is not considerable. Also, family issues and financial problems are 2 important factors in suicide attempts
Protective effect of gallic acid on apoptosis of sperm and in vitro fertilization in adult male mice treated with cyclophosphamide
No full textPurpose: This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of Gallic acid (GA) on the Cyclophosphamide (CP) toxicity induced in the reproductive system.
Materials and Methods: After a pilot study for dose responses of Gallic acid ,Forty adult male NMRI mice were divided into 5 groups (n=8): control, sham (NaCl Serum: 0.2mL per day), CP (15 mg kg-1 per week; IP), GA (12.5 mg kg-1 per day ; IP) and GA (12.5 mg kg-1 per day ; IP) +CP(15 mg kg-1 per week; IP). After treatment, the left testis was detached and used for Histological examination and right testis used for Malondialdehyde (MDA) measures. Left caudal epididymis was placed in the Ham’s F10 medium and released spermatozoa were used in order to analyze sperm parameters. Sperm DNA fragmentation was assessed by Sperm Chromatin Dispersion (SCD) method.
Results: In the CP group, there was a significant increase in the sperm DNA fragmentation (% 57.89 ± 23.91) compared with control group (% 24.52 ± 10.27). That was significantly improved by GA (12.5 mg kg-1 per day ; IP) in GA+CP group (% 28.4 ± 8.85) compared to CP group (p< .001).
A significant increase was reported about MDA levels in CP group (6.26 ± 2.59) in compared with the control group (4.30 ± 2.05), But GA (3.24 ± 1.33) decreased it in GA+ CP group (p< .01). The histopathological investigation revealed marked testicular atrophy in CP group, whereas GA diminished these deviations (P< .05).
Conclusion: Gallic acid can modify the reproductive toxicity of cyclophosphamide in NMRI mice and increase the antioxidant capacity of testis tissue
A comparative study of bacterial and fungal bio filtration treating toluene vapors from air stream
No full textIntroduction: Air pollution is now recognized as an important environmental and health concern. Biological
control processes, due to their durable, cost-effective and eco-friendly, have become a good alternative to
physic-chemical methods. Biotechnology is based on the activity of microorganisms.
The aim of this study was to compare the capability of Pseudomonas Putida PTCC 1694 (bacteria)
and Polarotus Stratus IRAN 1781C (mushroom) in the removal of toluene from the air stream and its
biodegradation under same operating conditions.
Material and Methods: To this purpose, a bio filter containing two parallel columns was designed and
constructed on a laboratory scale and the experiments were carried out based on measuring the removal
efficiency (RE), elimination capacity (EC) and pressure drop in these two columns. Thus, the bacteria were
inoculated in one of the columns and in the other the fungus was inoculated.
Results: The bacterial testing lasted for 20 days and the fungal testing lasted for 16 days. The contaminant
loading rates (LR) for bacterial and fungal bio filters were 11.65±2.26 and 11.94±2.56 g/m3.h, respectively.
The results showed that the fungal bio filter was more capable of eliminating of toluene vapor than
bacterial bio filter (9.65±3.53 vs 9.18±2.6 g/m3.h). However, the pressure drop in the bacterial bio filter
was lower than the fungal bio filter (1±0.28 vs 1.1±0.32 cm water).
Conclusion: According to the results, fungal bio filtration appeared to be more successful than bacterial
bio filtration in the removal of toluene
Evaluation of Learning Styles of Clinical Dental Students in Ardabil University of Medical Sciences and Determining Their Relationship with Satisfaction with Education Status
Get PDFBackground & Objective: Education and learning are affected by different variables, such as learning style, which can affect educational performance and higher education output. This study aimed to evaluate the learning styles of dental students and their satisfaction with education at the dental school.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed on 109 clinical dental students in 2016-2017. After completing the Kolb learning style questionnaire, the satisfaction of students with the education at the dental school was assessed with one question scored in a range of 0-10 (from completely dissatisfied to completely satisfied). In addition, a P-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: In this study, the learning styles of converging (57.8%), assimilating (21.6%), diverging (12.8%), and accommodating (7.8%) were the most-to-least used styles, respectively. According to the results, no relationship was observed between the learning model and variables of gender, GPA, and academic semester. Moreover, there was no significant association between mean educational satisfaction of students (4.8±2.6) and their learning style (P=0.4).
Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, converging and assimilating learning styles were the most frequently applied learning models among dental students. It is recommended that problem-focused education along with lecture-based teaching be applied as a suitable training method
The efficacy of sono-electro-Fenton process for removal of Cefixime antibiotic from aqueous solutions by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and evaluation of toxicity of effluent by microorganisms
No full textThe increasing use of antibiotics by humans and their persistence in the environment leads to the development of drug resistance, which is nowadays considered as an environmental problem. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of sono-electro-Fenton process for removal of Cefixime antibiotic from aqueous solutions by Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and to evaluate the toxicity of effluent by microorganisms. In the present study, the degradation of synthetic wastewater containing Cefixime was investigated in a reactor (with a useful volume of 1 L) located in the chamber of the ultrasonic device. The effects of pH, hydrogen peroxide concentration, voltage, initial antibiotic concentration, and electrolysis time were investigated using the Box-Behnken model, and the optimal conditions for elimination were obtained by analyzing the variance. The performance of the electro-Fenton and ultrasonic process was evaluated separately and in combination under optimal conditions. Toxicity of inlet and outlet was tested by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and growth inhibition percentage was calculated. The intermediates were determined by LC-MS with the lowest molecular mass. The results showed that the sono-electro-Fenton process under optimum conditions, including pH of 3.07, hydrogen peroxide concentration of 0.85 mL/L, voltage 15 volts, initial antibiotic concentration 10.4 mg/L and electrolysis time of 81.5 min has a percentage of removal of 97.5%. Under optimum conditions, the percentage of removal by electro-Fenton and ultrasonic separately were 81.7% and 9%, respectively, and in the hybrid process of sono-electro-Fenton, the percentage of removal increased to 97.5%. The results also showed that the biological toxicity of the outlet effluent from the sono-electro-Fenton process, compared to the inlet solution, was significantly reduced. So, we conclude that the Sono-electro-Fenton process has a significant effect on the removal of Cefixime from aqueous solutions and can also significantly reduce the biological toxicity of the effluent
The effect of estradiol against tributyltin toxicity in rat pancreatic islets
No full textIntroduction: Tributyltin is known as an endocrine disruptor and has been reported to interfere with estrogen
receptors exerting its toxic effects through disrupting related endocrine pathways. It is known as an “obesogen” and
was reported to disrupt glucose homeostasis leading to diabetes. This study was designed to assess the effects of
tributyltin and estradiol on rat pancreatic islets.
Methods: Pancreatic islets of male rat were isolated, grouped (10 islets in each group) and cultured in RPMI 1640
for 24 hours at 37° C. After calculating EC50 of tributyltin and estradiol by using MTT assay, islets were treated
with estradiol and tributyltin for 24 hours. Then viability and level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), Insulin
secretion and apoptosis were measured.
Results: Tributyltin decreased cellular viability of islets along with an increase in the ROS formation, while estradiol
increased viability and decreased ROS when added to both control group and tributyltin treated group. Tributyltin
also increased insulin secretion and induced apoptosis, while estradiol caused a decrease in insulin secretion and
apoptosis.
Conclusion: Our results indicate that estradiol can protect islets of the pancreas by inhibiting apoptosis and
decreasing ROS as well as insulin secretion. It can be concluded that function of estrogen receptors in the pancreas
particularly β-cells might be an important target for pharmacological and toxicological modifications in order to
discover new aspects of pathophysiology and therapeutic strategies for diabetes.
Keywords: Islets of Langerhans, Estrogen receptors, Estradiol, Tributylti
Degradation of CEX antibiotic from aqueous environment by US/S2O8 2–/NiO process: optimization using Taguchi method and kinetic studies
Get PDFThe extensive production and consumption of antibiotics have led to an increasing occurrence of
antibiotic residuals in various aquatic compartments, presenting a significant threat to both the
ecosystem and human health. This study aimed to investigate the removal of cephalexin (CEX)
antibiotic from aqueous solutions by ultrasonic/persulfate/nickel oxide NPs (US/S2O8
2–/NiO) hybrid
process. To increase the removal efficiency, affecting parameters on the US/S2O8
2–/NiO hybrid process
were investigated and optimized by adopting the Taguchi design of experiments approach.
The controllable factors such as solution pH, reaction time, initial concentration of CEX antibiotic,
S2O8
2– concentration and NiO nanoparticle were optimized. Under optimum conditions (pH = 3, reaction
time = 90 min, CEX = 20 mg/L, NiO = 5 mg/L and S2O8
2– = 400 mg/L) and using the US/S2O8
2–/NiO
process, the CEX, COD and TOC removal efficiencies were 96.05%, 68.02% and 47.14%, respectively.
The studies to determine the percentage contribution of each controllable factor was also carried
out. The pH of the solution was identified as the most influential factor, and its percentage contribution
value was up to 70% in the studied process. Considering the parameters of the kinetics, it
was found that the removal CEX antibiotic using the hybrid process obeys the pseudo-first-order
kinetics. The results showed that US/S2O8
2/NiO hybrid process could be optimally used to treat the
wastewater containing antibiotics such as CEX and could be considered as an effective and ecofriendly
method