Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
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Challenges in promoting clinical empathy skills in medical students: A content analysis study
Get PDFBackground: Empathy is a key clinical skill in the medical profession, and many studies have reported a decline in it among medical students during their years of education; especially, in the clinical stage, and this affective decline persists in the physician-hood. This study aimed to explore the participants' perceptions about challenges for promoting clinical empathy in training stages.
Methods: A qualitative design using content analysis was applied. Semi-structured interviews were applied to obtain data. Individual interviews were conducted with 14 interns and 6 clinical professors. The data were analyzed through conventional content analysis and the credibility, trustworthiness, and conformability of the data were confirmed.
Results: Data analysis led to the extraction of two main categories, including overt and covert challenges, and also four categories and nine sub-categories.
Conclusion: Resolving clinical empathy challenges in medical students requires financial and human resources, and training on the principles of effective doctor-patient interactions. Furthermore, professionalism should be strengthened in professors, and both official and hidden curricula should be revised accordingly.
Keywords: Medical students, Qualitative study, Empathy, Challeng
Study on Helminth parasites of wild canines of Moghan plain, Ardabil Province, northwest Iran, with special reference to zoonotic species
No full textIntroduction and Objectives: Canines are one of the most important sources of zoonotic infections in a wide range of countries throughout the world, like in Iran. This study aimed to determine Helminth parasites of wild canines of Moghan plain, Ardabil Province, northwest Iran, with special reference to zoonotic species.
Methods: During 2017-2018 the carcasses of 60 wild canines from road accidents, including 25 jackals, 15 foxes, and 20 wild dogs were collected from different locations of Moghan plain and after necropsy different tissues examined for infectivity with helminthic parasites.
Results: Overall, 49 canines (81.7%) were infected with at least with one helminthic parasite. No trematode was found. The species and percent of infections were as follows:
-Cestoda: Mesocestoides lineatus 38.3%; Taenia hydatigena 16.7%; Echinococcus granulosus 8.3%; Dipylidium caninum 6.7%; Joyexiella echinorhyncoides 1.7%.
- Nematoda: Toxascaris leonina 18.3%; Rictularia sp. 11.7%; Toxocara canis 11.7%; Trichinella sp. 3.3%; Dirofilaria immitis 3.3%; Physaloptera praeputialis 1.7%.
-Acanthocephala: Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus 10%.
Discussion and conclusion: Among the 12 species identified, 9 species were zoonotic. Most of them have public health importance and Echinococcus granulosus are the most important zoonotic species
Toxoplasma gondii in Aborted Fetuses of Sheep in Ardebil Area, North-West of Iran
Get PDFBackground: One of the severe complications of toxoplasmosis is the induction of abortion in sheep, goats, and human beings. The rate of abortions related to toxoplasmosis in sheep varies between 10% and 23% in the United States and European countries. In Iran, Toxoplasma infection were diagnosed in aborted ovine fetuses between 13.5% and 69% in the brain samples based on PCR. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of abortions related to T. gondii among the aborted fetuses of sheep in Ardabil area, North-West of Iran.
Methods: The brains of 75 aborted sheep fetuses in Ardebil area were investigated with nested PCR method using fragments of the GRA6 gene during lambing seasons in 2014-2015. Meanwhile, thoracic and abdominal fluids of aborted fetuses and 200 serum samples collected from the herds affected by abortion were examined for the existence of anti-T. gondii IgG.
Results: For 48 out of the 75 fetal brain samples (64%), the results of nested PCR test were found to be positive. Furthermore, antibodies against Toxoplasma was observed in 136 (68%) collected samples of sheep and 21 samples (28%) of fetal fluids.
Conclusion: There is the significant role of T. gondii in the abortions of sheep in Ardabil area. Meanwhile, this condition can also be dangerous for human beings because of their consumption of sheep meat
Six month follow up Investigation of quality of life of patients before and after using of mandibular implant over denture based on standardized OHIP-14 questionnaire.
Get PDFIntroduction: having no teeth can both physically and mentally decrease patients' quality of life; implant-based overdenture is a trusted, predictable, and successful treatment for none dental jaws, especially mandibular teeth. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of life of patients before and after using mandibular implant-based overdenture on the basis of OHIP-14 questionnaire.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 18 patients were examined in two private offices in Ardabil (9 females, 9 males) with complete mandibular denture who were dissatisfied with them. Patient conditions were evaluated for implant treatment after performing the procedures of complete diagnostics including radiography, diagnostic casts, etc... . The treatment steps were explained to the patient after confirming the need for overdenture treatment. At this stage, prior to initiating treatment, the OHIP-14 questionnaire was administered to the patient for evaluation of the various aspects of the patient's satisfaction (complain) with the existing denture, and then patients were treated by implant based overdenture. Six months after the operation, the OHIP-14 questionnaires were administered again. The raw data obtained in both phases were analyzed by SPSS software (version 22) using dependent t-test and Wilcoxon test. An acceptable error level of 5% was considered.
Results: The results showed that the mean and standard deviation of patients' quality of life before using mandibular overdenture was 2.31 ± 20.05 and after using mandibular implant overdenture was 6.43 ± 52.05 which was statistically significant (P <0.05). Also, mandibular implant-based overdenture reduces severe pain, worry and discomfort, mouth or denture embarrassment during 6 months of use (P <0.05); and mandibular implant-based overdenture Improves the sense of taste and ultimately increases the satisfaction of patients.
Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study and past studies, mandibular implant-based overdentures significantly increase patient satisfaction in a long-term use and thus improve quality of life compared to patients with conventional prostheti
Serological prevalence of hepatitis E antibody among 1-69 years old Ardabil population in 2018
Get PDFBackground and Objective: Hepatitis E is the fifth recognized human viral hepatitis and likely the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis in the world. Given the absence of any previous study on the prevalence or incidence of hepatitis E in the Ardabil, the serological investigation of HEV antibody in the Ardabil is reasonable and cost-effective. The result of such research could be useful in future health plans in Ardabil to identify situation of viral hepatitis in the population.
Methods:The sample size was 700 who were randomly selected from the Ardabil population based on the records of health centers. Subjects were recruited from the Ardabil population aged between 1 and 69 divided equally in 10 years age groups. Each age group has 100 participants with the same number of men and women.They were invited to the Digestive Disorders Research Center and agreed upon the study. Blood samples were collected for serological evaluation of total hepatitis E antibody and a questionnaire was completed.
Results: 700 patients were included in this study, 352 (50.3%) were male and 348 (49.7%) were female. The age range was between 1 and 69 years with a mean age of 34.40 years. Serological results of the study showed that 19/30% (135 persons) had positive antibody against hepatitis E. We also found that there was no significant association between this prevalence and gender of the study subjects. In contrast an association between age groups and HEV was observed by increasing age.
Conclusion: Seroprevalence of hepatitis E antibody was 19.30% in 1-69 years old in the Ardabil. This finding was not significantly correlated with gender, but it was shown that with increasing age, The infection increased significantly
Pediatric Autoimmunity and Transplantation
No full textThis book is a collection of case-based questions, directed towards and meticulously selected to cover the most common and important aspects of pediatric autoimmune disorders. Autoimmune disorders of infancy and childhood, rheumatological disorders, dermatologic autoimmune disorders, autoinflammatory disorders, and clinical immunology in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are among the topics covered
A comparitive study on effect of lowdose Ketamine versus Dexamethasone on intraoperative nausea and vomiting during cesarean section under spinal anesthesia
Get PDFBackground and objectives:Intra Operative Nausea and Vomiting (IONV), is distressing for patients, obstetricians, anesthetists; and may increase the risk of visceral injury during surgery by involuntary uncontrolled abdominal movements. In this study, we aimed to compare the antiemetic efficacy of low dose Ketamine and Dexamethasone to decrease the incidence of IONV during Cesarean Section (ClS) under spinal anesthesia.
Methods:The study was performed on 135 full term parturient women with ASA I- II, aged between 18 and 40 years; candidate for cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. The parturients were allocated randomly to three groups using randomized blocking method. The group I (n = 45) received 8 mg Dexamethasone with total syringe volume of 5 ml, while group II (n = 45) received 20 mg Ketamine with total syringe volume of 5 ml, and control group III (n = 45) received 5 ml normal saline. During the intraoperative period, the number of nausea, retching and vomiting episodes were recorded by an anesthetist who was blinded to the drug administered to the patient. Intraoperative hypotension and Bradycardia were recorded. The patient was also requested to report the symptoms of nausea, vomiting and shivering that may occur at the intervals. Vomiting was managed by metoclopramide 10 mg slowly IV. A standardized surgical technique was used in all cesarean sections. Finally the statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Science version 21 program (SPSS21).
Results:This study, performed on 135 parturient women divided into three groups with 45 members in each one (first group received Dexamethasone, second and third groups were Ketamine and Placebo receivers in respect.).In this study there was statistically insignificant increase in the rate of successful prevention of IONV( P=0.062) and shievering(P=0.550) using preoperative Ketamine and Dexamethasone.But There was statistically significant decrease in the rate of IONV in Ketamine group when compared to Dexamethazone group. The studied groups were comparable as regard to mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate, there was no statistically significant difference between groups during the study period.Also Intraoperatively, there were no statistically significant differences in hypotensive episodes (P=0.885), total Ephedrine administered (the average amount in those who suffered hypotension and received ephedrine) (P=0.623), and bradycardia (P=0.146) between the studied groups. There was statistically significant decrease in the incidence of bradycardia in Ketamine group when compared to Dexamethazone group.
Conclusion:This study showed significant reduction in nausea and vomiting in the Ketamine group compared to Dexamethasone and no significant difference between two groups regarding the hypotension and shivering.It also showed that there was no statistically significant difference between groups receiving Dexamethasone and low dose Ketamine compared to control group during the operation period regarding the decrease rate of nausea and vomiting,hypotension and shiverin
The Relationship Between Internet Addiction and Social Adjustment, and Test Anxiety of the Students of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
Get PDFObjectives: This study was conducted to determine the relationship between Internet addiction and social adjustment, and test anxiety among the female students of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences.
Methods: This descriptive correlational research was conducted on all female students of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences studying in the second semester of the academic year 2019. The sample consisted of 346 students who were selected by simple random sampling. Data were collected using three questionnaires assessing Internet addiction, social adjustment, and test anxiety. The obtained data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and regression analysis.
Results: The results showed a relationship between Internet addiction and social adjustment with test anxiety. According to the results of Internet addiction and social adjustment, they were able to predict students’ test anxiety (P > 0.01).
Conclusions: It can be concluded that the level of test anxiety in students can be controlled through the necessary training to make better use of the Internet and prevent its addiction
The effect of glutamine supplementation on serum levels of some inflammatory factors, oxidative stress and appetite in children with respiratory infection 2-6 years
Get PDFIntroduction and purpose
Children's respiratory infections are the leading cause of death worldwide. Some supplements along with treatment may be helpful in improving patients. The current study aims to examine effect of Glutamine supplementation on serum levels of some inflammatory factors and oxidative stress and appetite in children with respiratory infections (2 to 6 years).
Materials and procedures
In a clinical trial, 40 patients with respiratory infections were randomly divided into two groups of complement (20 subjects) and control (n = 20). After obtaining written consent from families, the general information (height, weight and BMI) was recorded and signs of respiratory infection (including cough, fever and respiratory distress) were collected at discharge. Before taking the supplement, both blood samples were taken at 2 cc. Then, for 5 days, the glutamine supplementation group received 0.5 pg. / kg juice with a spoonful of sugar, and the same amount of sugar was given to the control group. At the end of the fifth day, a re-blood sample was taken to perform serum IL1β, tumor necrosis factor, malondialdehyde and total antioxidant capacity tests, then all data were analyzed.
Findings
The results of this study showed that serum levels of IL-1 beta, alpha and hs-CRP tumor necrosis factor decreased significantly with glutamine supplementation by five days (p <0.05) and the appetite of patients during the five-day period was significantly higher in glutamine supplementation compared to the control group (p <0.05). No significant changes were observed in serum levels of TAC, MDA and clinical signs at the end of the study.
Conclusion
Glucose supplementation with 0.5 g / kg in children with respiratory infections caused a significant decrease in serum IL-1 beta, hs-CRP and tumor necrosis factor, and significantly increased appetite. So glutamine supplementation may be beneficial for patients during hospitalization.
Significant changes in two case groups were shown in indices in oxidative stress and clinical findings.
Significant increase was demonstrated in appetite in the supportive group during the study
Protective Effect of Rosa Canina against Gastric Ulcer Induced by NSAIDs
Get PDFBackground & objectives: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) - induced peptic ulcer disease is a common gastrointestinal disorder affecting many people worldwide. Rosa canina L. is a member of Rosa species that has been widely used as an herbal medicine in many countries. Rosa canina has therapeutic effects against various disorders through its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective properties. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential beneficial effect of Rosa canina on indomethacin-induced ulceration in mice.
Methods: Experiments were performed on male Swiss albino mice. Indomethacin (80 mg/kg, orally) was used to induce gastric ulceration. The extract of Rosa canina fruits (200 and 400 mg/kg/day) was given orally five days before the administration of indomethacin. Normal mice were used as a normal control group.
Results: Macroscopic evaluation of gastric mucosa revealed that indomethacin administration (80 mg/kg) produced apparent gastric mucosal ulcers, while pretreatment with Rosa canina (200 and 400 mg/kg) effectively protected gastric mucosa against indomethacin induced ulcers. Rosa canina significantly increased the level of glutathione (GSH) and decreased the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the gastric tissues compared with those in the control group.
Conclusion: Oral treatment with the Rosa canina fruit extract decreased the gastric ulcer induced by indomethacin through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanism