Ardabil University of Medical Sciences
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Magnetic nanocomposite of filamentous algae activated carbon for efficient elimination of cephalexin from aqueous media
No full textDischarge of antibiotics into the environment can cause problems like increase of the microorganisms’ resistance, disturbing the ecological balance and increasing the allergy in humans. In this research, an activated carbon was produced from filamentous algae and then magnetized with Fe3O4. The adsorbent size was nano-scale and its characteristics were studied using XRD, FT-IR, FE-SEM, BET and VSM techniques. The response surface method (RSM) was employed to optimize the operating parameters and determine the best conditions for cephalexin removal by novel composite of AC-Fe3O4. The various parameters in the process, such as reaction time, initial pH, adsorbent dose, initial concentration of cephalexin and effect of cations and anions that could interfere in the adsorption of cephalexin were evaluated in three levels. The proposed quadratic model was found to be best suggested model for the adsorption process (R2=0.99094 and Radj2=0.9991). According to results, the parameters such as cephalexin concentration, the adsorbent dose, the reaction time and the pH value were found to be 28.16 mg/L, 2 g/L, 30.04 and 3.02, respectively. Experimental results showed that the adsorption of cephalexin followed Langmuir isotherm (R2=0.9803). Also, the results showed cephalexin adsorption on the composite fitted pseudo-second-order kinetics. The study showed that the AC-Fe3O4 adsorbent has high efficacy for eliminating cephalexin from aqueous solution. © 2020, The Korean Institute of Chemical Engineers
Electrochemical process for 2,4-D herbicide removal from aqueous solutions using stainless steel 316 and graphite Anodes: optimization using response surface methodology
No full textIn this experimental study, an electrochemical cell (100 cc) equipped with anode electrodes of SS316 and graphite and the cathode electrode of SS316 in parallel form at a distance of 1 cm from each other was used to degradation the 2,4-Diclorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) herbicide. The results showed that the removal efficiency of 2,4-D herbicide in initial concentrations of 50 and 100 mg/L under optimum conditions (pH = 7, electrolysis time = 50 min and current density = 3 mA/cm2) using the graphite anode electrode was 73.5% and 47.76%, respectively; however, using the SS316 electrode, the removal efficiency was 44.23% and 17.65%, respectively. The highest removal of 2,4-D in electrochemical process was 95.87% for herbicide initial concentration of 50 mg/L by graphite anode electrode. Considering the efficiency of 2,4-D removal, the determined coefficients were found to be 0.91–0.93. The amount of energy consumed for SS316 and graphite electrodes was obtained to be 6.308 and 5.99 kWh/m3, respectively. Results revealed that the electrochemical process with graphite anode electrode has an acceptable efficiency in removing the 2,4-D herbicide and can be used as an appropriate pretreatment in treating the wastewater containing the resistant compounds such as phenoxy group herbicides (2,4-D)
Comorbidity of metabolic syndrome components in a population-based screening program: A latent class analysis
Get PDFBackground: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) is rapidly increasing in the world. Thus, the aim of the present study was to identify the latent subgroups of Iranian male adults based on MS components and investigate the effect of abnormal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), high total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) on the odds of membership in each class.
Methods: In the present study, we used the data of a population-based screening program conducted on 823 urban adult men aged 25 years and older in city of Qom in 2014. Abdominal obesity, fasting blood sugar (FBS), blood pressure, and serum lipid profile were measured in participants after for at least 8 hours. MS was defined according to the Adults Treatment Panel III criteria. Latent class analysis was used to achieve the aims of study. Analyses were conducted using PROC LCA in SAS 9.2 software. In all analysis, p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: There were 3 different latent classes among participants. Latent class 1, non-MS, 55.1%; latent lass 2, at risk, 21.3%; and finally latent class 3, MS, with 23.6% of the participants. Age (OR=0.98, 95% CI: 0.98-0.99, high LDL (OR=0.27, 95% CI: 0.13-0.56), high TC (OR=8.12, 95% CI: 4.40-15.00), and abnormal ALT (OR=2.25, 95% CI 1.49-3.41) were associated with at risk class. Also, only age (OR=1.02, 95% CI: 1.01-1.04) was associated with MS class. The most prevalent components among the participants were having low HDL (34.0%) and high WC (33.9%).
Conclusion: Notable percent of samples fell in “at risk” and “MS” classes, which stress the necessity of designing preventive interventions for these specific stratums of population
Communication skills Among Ardabil Medical University Students and its Association with Demographic Characteristics
Get PDFBackground: Communication Skills (CS) are one of the elements of generic skills that are essential among university students. Communication skills are referred to hearing and speech relation between people and its feedback. Medical students as the main members of the medical personal need to acquire communication skills in order to have communicate effectively and purposefully with patients . The weakness of communication between the medical staff can lead to medical mistakes and reduce the patient’s quality of care. So, the aim of this study was to determine the level of Communication skills Among Ardabil Medical University Students and its Association with Demographic Characteristics.
Methods: This descriptive–analytical study was conducted on 250 medical students who selected randomly of Ardabil medical university students in 2018. The data collection tool was a questionnaire included demographic data and interpersonal communication skills test (34 items) with a range of 34-170. Data analysis was done using statistical methods in SPSS version 21.
Results: Of all students, 62.3% were girls and the rest were boys. The average age of students was 23.7 ± 2.3 years. Of students 54.7% had moderate communication skills and the others had high levels of communication skills. The average score of student communication skills was 98 ± 14 and there was a significant relationship between gender and communication skill levels. Of students, 36.7% also had a history of participation in individual skills workshops .
Conclusion: The results indicated that students' communication skills were in moderate and girl students had higher level of communication skills than boys
The Protective Mechanism of Cannabidiol in Cardiac Injury: A Systematic Review of Non-Clinical Studies
No full textBackground: Cardiac disease is accounted as the leading cause of worldwide morbidity and mortality. The disease is characterized by the overproduction of reactive oxygen and/or nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), and induction of oxidative stress. Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychoactive ingredient of marijuana that has been reported to be safe and well tolerated in patients. Due to its pleiotropic effect, CBD has been shown to exert cytoprotective effects. This study intended to clarify the mechanisms and the potential role of CBD regarding cardiac injuries treatment.
Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, in the electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase up to June 2019 using predefined search terms in the titles and abstracts. Accordingly, a set of pre-specified inclusion and exclusion criteria were considered and 8 articles were ultimately included in this study.
Results: Our findings demonstrate that CBD has multi-functional protective assets to improve cardiac injuries; preliminary through scavenging of free radicals, and reduction of oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation.
Conclusion: CBD can protect against cardiac injuries, mainly through its antioxidative and antiapoptotic effects on the basis of non-clinical studies. The cardioprotective effects of the CBD need to be further studied in well designed clinical trials.
Keywords: Cannabinoids; cardiac injury; cardioprotective effects; free radicals; oxidative stress; systematic review
Anti-Anxiety Effect of Salvia hypoleuca
Get PDFBackground and objectives: Anxiety is a chronic and common disorder worldwide and impairs the quality of life of affected people. Herbal medicines have long been used to treat CNS related disorders. Salvia species are important medicinal plants that have shown various pharmacologic activities including CNS effects. Salvia hypoleuca is an annual and herbaceous plant which is endemic to Iran. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anxiolytic activity of the hydro-alcoholic, n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol extract of S. hypoleuca in mice. Methods: n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and hydroalcholic extracts were prepared from aerial parts of Salvia hypoleuca. Anxiolytic activity of the extracts was evaluated using open field and hole-board tests. The mice were randomly divided into different groups and were treated with normal saline, diazepam, and the extracts of S. hypoleuca (500 mg/kg, ip). Results: The results of open field and hole-board tests showed that treatment of mice with the hydro-alcoholic and methanol extracts of S. hypoleuca (500 mg/kg, ip) produced a significant anxiolytic effect as compared to the normal control group. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the hydro-alcoholic and methanol extracts of aerial parts of S. hypoleuca have anti-anxiety activity. The isolation and identification of the active compounds of the effective extracts are suggested
Radical cystectomy for management of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the urinary bladder: A rare case report
No full textInflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) of the bladder also known as pseudosarcomatous myofibroblastic proliferation is a rare lesion in the genitourinary tract was first described in 1980 by Roth. We herein report a case of urinary bladder IMT in a 42-year-old female patient presented with gross hematuria. The hematuria was difficult to control and radical treatment has been done. Monitoring for recurrence is strongly advisable
Penile Length: A Study in Iranian Military Soldiers
Get PDFBackground and Objective: Penile size is of great importance between some men and they are looking for a longer penis. The number of urologists visiting for complaining about short penis is increasing. Therefore, providing a definition of normal penis size can help Iranian physicians and patients.
Methods: This study was performed as a cross-sectional descriptive study in 1396-97 at Imam Sajjad Hospital in Tehran. In this study, simple random sampling of 500 soldiers referred to the urology department of Imam Sajjad Hospital. Data were collected by urologists. After collecting the data, it entered the spss21 for analysis.
Results: Our study on Iranian military soldiers consisting of all provinces showed that mean penile flaccid length is 7.87 cm, stretched length is 12.22cm and mid shaft circumference is 8.49 cm. Differences among provinces were not significant. There was no association between age and height with penile parameters.
Conclusion: Conclusion: Our study shows that in Iranian soldiers from every province, there was no significant penile parameter differences nor significant correlation with their height and age. These data may help urologists to reassure and inform men who are concerned about their penile size
Time-dependent protective effects of morphine against behavioral and morphological deficits in an animal model of posttraumatic stress disorder
Get PDFPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) arises after an individual has experienced a major traumatic event. Recent
evidence suggests that acute morphine treatment may serve as a strategy to reduce PTSD development. In the
present study, we investigated the time-dependent effects of morphine on behavioral and morphological deficits
induced by the single prolonged stress (SPS), an experimental model of PTSD, in adult male rats. The rats were
exposed to SPS (restraint for 2 h, forced swimming for 20 min, and ether anesthesia), and kept undistributed for
11 days. Morphine was injected immediately, 6, 12 and 24 h after SPS. Anxiety profile was evaluated using the
elevated plus maze11 days after SPS. Then, animals were conditioned in a fear conditioning task and extinction
training was performed on days 1, 2, 3, 4 and 11 after fear conditioning which followed by morphological
assessments in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). SPS rats showed increased anxiety levels and impaired
contextual fear extinction retention. SPS also decreased dendritic length in the infra-limbic (IL) and dendritic
spines in the IL and pre-limbic (PL) regions of the mPFC. Conversely, morphine treatment 6, 12 and 24 h but not
immediately after SPS significantly improved anxiety-like behaviors, fear extinction, increased dendritic length,
and spines in the mPFC. Morphine-induced much stronger response when injected 24 h after the SPS, and this
effect was blocked by naloxone. Our findings show that morphine within a restricted time window selectively
reversed the SPS-induced deficits in anxiety profile, fear extinction, and dendritic morphology in the mPFC.
Finally, these findings suggest that the time point of morphine injection following a traumatic event is an important determinant of the full therapeutic effect of morphine against PTSD
The role of glutamate transporter GLT-1 on the activity of locus coeruleus neurons and nociception in rats
No full textBackground: Locus coeroleus (LC), a pontine nucleus located near the fourth ventricle, is considered to be the main source of norepinephrine in the central nervous system (CNS) and plays an important role in relieve pain in the body. Administration of excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) would be an applicable way of removing extra glutamate from synaptic space to prevent excitotoxicity is. Among these transporters, the activity of astrocytic glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1, the equivalent of human EAAT2) is critical to remove the excess glutamate from synaptic clefts.
Aim: In the present study, we examined the effect of GLT-1 transporter on the response of Locus Coeruleus (LC) neurons and the sensation of pain in the rats.
Materiales & Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into three groups including the control (CNT), ceftriaxone (CFT) and dihydrokainic acid (DHK) groups. Animals were given intraperitoneal injection for 9 days, afterwhich the behavioral and electrophysiological experiments were performed on 10th day to determine the activity of LC neurons and sensation of pain. Finally, immunohistochemistry was performed to show increased expression of GLT1.
Results: Results of this study revealed that CFT increases the GLT1 expression and also decreases the duration of pain sensation in rats but inhibition of GLT1 activity by DHK showed no significant changes. Furthermore, the results of electrophysiological studies showed that the frequency of spontaneous firing rate of LC neurons was not significantly different between the groups but the evoked responses showed significant decrease in CFT group compared to CNT group, while there was no significant difference between the DHK and CNT groups.
Conclusions: Administration of ceftriaxone, through an increase in GLT1 expression, results in a decrease in duration of pain sensation in rats. It also decreases the frequency of responses in LC neurons following painful stimulation with no effect on basal activity of neurons