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Bone marrow alterations in COVID-19 infection: The root of hematological problems
No full textIntroduction: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a respiratory infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus with a significant impact on the hematopoietic system and homeostasis. The effect of the virus on blood cells indicates the involvement of the bone marrow (BM) as the place of production and maturation of these cells by the virus and it reminds the necessity of investigating the effect of the virus on the bone marrow. Method: To investigate the effects of COVID-19 infection in BM, we reviewed literature from the Google Scholar search engine and PubMed database up to 2022 using the terms "COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Bone marrow; Thrombocytopenia; Hemophagocytosis; Pancytopenia and Thrombocytopenia. Results: Infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus is accompanied by alterations such as single-line cytopenia, pancytopenia, hemophagocytosis, and BM necrosis. The presence of factors such as cytokine release syndrome, the direct effect of the virus on cells through different receptors, and the side effects of current treatments such as corticosteroids are some of the important mechanisms in the occurrence of these alterations. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this review is the first study to comprehensively investigate BM alterations caused by SAR-CoV-2 virus infection. The available findings show that the significant impact of this viral infection on blood cells and the clinical consequences resulting from them are deeper than previously thought and it may be rooted in the changes that the virus causes in the BM of patient
Effect of Nursing Interventions Based on Partnership Care Model on Life Expectancy in Cancer Patients in Shahrekord Teaching Hospitals
No full textBackground: Useful communication between patients and nurses and improvement of the quality of care occur following partnership care, resulting in an improvement in the general condition of patients. Objectives: Regarding the cancer patients’ need for education and the important role of nurses in education and care, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of nursing interventions based on the partnership care model on the life expectancy of cancer patients in teaching hospitals of Shahrekord. Methods: The present quasi-experimental study was conducted on 60 cancer patients in Shahrekord educational hospitals in 2021. The subjects of this study were first selected according to inclusion criteria and then randomly divided into the intervention and control groups by random allocation software. The educational intervention based on the partnership care model was carried out in four individual stages, including the creation of motivation, preparation, involvement, and evaluation. The researcher used demographic information questionnaires and Schneider’s Life Expectancy Questionnaire as data collection instruments. Using SPSS 24 software and independent t-test, chi-square test, and analysis of variance, the mean scores before, 48 hours after intervention, and two months after intervention were compared. Results: There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of mean life expectancy scores before the intervention (P > 0.82), but the scores immediately and two months after the intervention showed a statistically significant difference between the control and intervention groups (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Implementing the educational intervention based on the partnership care model can increase the life expectancy of cancer patients. Due to this program’s effectiveness, low cost, and safety, hospital managers are recommended to use this program to promote health and enhance the patient’s knowledg
Investigating the Relationship between Exposure to Cadmium and the Risk of Pancreatic Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
No full textBackground: Exposure to cadmium is associated with the occurrence of pancreatic cancer. In a situation where the results of previous studies are not consistent, this study, using a systematic review and meta-analysis method investigated the relationship between exposure to cadmium and the risk of pancreatic cancer in order to provide an appropriate conclusion in this regard. Methods: By searching the ISI web of science, Cochrane, Science Direct, Scopus, PubMed and Google Scholar databases and using the keywords (Cadmium, Pancreatic Cancer) and their synonyms, 391 articles were retrieved and considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, finally 8 articles were included in the present study. Data analysis was done using Stata 15 software. The significance level was considered 0.05. Findings: In this systematic review and meta-analysis study, it was observed that compared to the group without exposure/exposure to the lowest dose of cadmium, the risk of pancreatic cancer in people exposed/exposure to the highest dose of cadmium is equal to 1.62 (95 CI: 1.18-2.21; P ≤ 0.001), this relationship was statistically significant. According to the results of Egger's test (P = 0.100) and Begg's test (P = 0.076); in this study, publication bias was not observed. Conclusion: According to the results of this Review research, exposure to cadmium leads to a 62 increase in the risk of developing pancreatic cancer. Therefore, it can be said that exposure to cadmium is a risk factor for developing pancreatic cancer and health policies should be aimed at reducing exposure to Cadmium goes forward
Association between the treatment of rosacea and eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection
No full textBackground: Rosacea is a multifactorial skin inflammatory disorder with an unknown cure. Genetics and environmental factors such as microorganisms are involved in the rosacea etiology, for example, Helicobacter pylori have been suggested in rosacea progression. The present study investigated the relationship between H. pylori eradication and rosacea patient's improvement. Materials and Methods: H. pylori infection was investigated in 60 rosacea patients and 65 sex- and age-matched healthy control through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and HpSag tests. After infection confirmation, randomly half of the rosacea patients were treated for H. pylori eradication (test), and others received standard treatment (control). HpSag and ELISA tests were repeated after infection eradication and disease flow was surveyed for 60 days. The groups were compared using the ANOVA (Analysis Of Variance) test at the significant level of P < 0.05. Results: At the baseline, the mean of immunoglobulin G (IgG) (59.27 ± 41.4 RU/mL) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) (11.55 ± 6.1 RU/mL) in rosacea patients was higher than the level of IgG (41.38 ± 54.33 RU/mL) and IgM (8.11 ± 8.91 RU/mL) in healthy control (P < 0.04) and (P < 0.01), respectively. Also, the values for H. pylori infection were positive in all patients and 10 healthy controls. The mean titer of IgM and IgG in the test and control patients groups were different at baseline and after treatment. Furthermore, in the test patients group, the mean of IgG was reduced in active rosacea after treatment, and 63.9% of active patients showed rosacea remission after H. pylori eradication. Conclusion: Data suggest the exacerbating role of H. pylori in rosacea, and its eradication along with other therapeutic methods causes rosacea improvement
Relapses or de-novo IgA nephropathy following COVID-19 vaccination; a narrative review
No full textImmunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy is the most common type of glomerulonephritis worldwide characterized by excessive serum levels of glycosylated which triggers the generation of glycan-specific IgG and IgA autoantibodies. This pathological condition results in the formation of circulatory IgA immune complexes, which are essential for the development of glomerular inflammation, especially IgA nephropathy. The serum galactosylated IgA1, IgG, and IgA autoantibodies are suggested as the biomarkers of IgA nephropathy since IgA antibodies are early markers for disease activity too. Serum IgA antibodies emerged as the early COVID-19-specific antibody response about two days after initial symptoms of COVID-19 in comparison with IgG and IgM antibody concentrations, which appeared after five days. IgA nephropathy is frequently presented as microscopic or macroscopic hematuria and proteinuria with a male predominance. COVID-19 infection can include several organs aside from the lungs, such as kidneys through different mechanisms. It is demonstrated in most cases that short-lasting symptoms such as gross hematuria resolve either spontaneously or following a short course of steroids. This review summarized the reported cases of relapses or denovo reported cases of relapses or de-novo IgA nephropathy and IgA vasculitis following COVID-19 vaccination
Efficacy of Calcium Hydroxide/Saline versus Calcium Hydroxide/Artemisia persica Essential Oil as Intracanal Medicament to Improve Radiographic Visualization of Periapical Lesions in Necrotic Teeth: A Randomized Clinical Trial
No full textObjectives. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of calcium hydroxide (CH)/saline and CH/Artemisia persica (A. persica) essential oil as an intracanal medicament for radiographic resolution of periapical (PA) lesions in necrotic teeth. Materials and Methods. This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 22 patients with necrotic teeth and PA lesions presenting to two private endodontic offices. The patients were randomly divided into two groups (n = 11) to receive CH/saline (control group) and CH/A. persica essential oil (10%) (intervention group) as intracanal medicaments between treatment sessions. The size of PA radiolucency was measured on parallel PA radiographs taken before treatment and also at 1 and 3 months after completion of treatment. The mean time of healing of PA lesions was also compared between the two groups. Data were analyzed by the independent t-test, chi-square test, and Fisher’s exact test (alpha = 0.05). Results. No significant difference was found between the two groups regarding the changes in the size of PA lesions, relative healing percentage, and speed of healing, neither at 1 nor at 3 months postoperatively P > 0.05 . Regarding the presence/absence of clinical symptoms in the second treatment session, the intervention group showed greater resolution of symptoms, although the difference did not reach statistical significance P > 0.05 . Conclusion. According to the present results, it appears that the addition of A. persica essential oil to CH for application as intracanal medicament does not add any particular advantage
Selenium Removal from Water and Wastewater by Different Technologies: A Systematic Review
No full textBackground: Selenium (Se) is an essential element playing a vital role in the metabolism of organisms. Se can generally be discharged in the potable water through natural and anthropogenic activities. Both excess and shortage of Se can cause significant adverse health effects in humans. Excess values of se may stimulate toxici-ty, leading to selenosis and alkali disease in humans and grazing animals, respectively. Methods: A review search was systematically carried out from the databases Embase, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, PubMed Central (PMC), Google Scholar, as well as medRxiv by using the following keywords: “waste water”, “bioremediation”, “selenium removal”, “adsorption”, and “drinking water”. This study provides a review of the recent literature covering the period between 2011 and 2021. After screening the full text of the articles, 27 papers were enrolled. This study reviews the reported techniques for Se removal from water and wastewater, including adsorption, biological treatment, microbial reduction, bioreactors, fungal bioreactor, algal treatment, phytoremediation, and photocatalysis. Results: Biological and bioremediation techniques, such as microbial reduction, biotransformation, and fluid-ized bed reactor have removal efficiency about 100. The highest Se concentration of 15-7600 µg/L was achieved in ground waters in Ethiopia and the lowest level of 0.07 µg /L in Finland. Conclusion: The combination of biological treatment with chemical or physical technologies is envisaged to optimize se elimination and to ensure ecological protection and human health safety
The roles of quercetin in diabetes mellitus and related metabolic disorders; special focus on the modulation of gut microbiota: A comprehensive review
No full textQuercetin is a dietary flavonoid that can affect the balance between anti-oxidant defense system and oxidative stress. A number of studies showed the positive effects of quercetin on diabetes mellitus and related metabolic disorders through different pathways such as gut flora. However, findings are conflicting. In addition, it seems no studies have summarized all potential mechanisms of quercetin in diabetes mellitus, so far. Therefore, the aims of the present comprehensive review were to provide an overview on biological and biochemical characteristics of quercetin and investigate the effect of quercetin on diabetes mellitus and related metabolic disorders by focusing on its effects on the modulation of gut microbiota. For this purpose, findings of In vitro, animal studies, clinical trials, and review studies with the English language published until January 2021 were summarized. They were identified through electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library) and Google Scholar. Findings showed that quercetin can be an effective component for improving glycemic status and other metabolic disorders related to diabetes mellitus based on In vitro and animal studies. However, environmental factors, food processing and using nanoformulations can affect its efficacy in human studies. Several potential mechanisms, including the modulation of gut flora are proposed for its actions. However, due to limited clinical trials and contradictory findings, more high-quality clinical trials are needed to make a decision on the efficacy of supplementation with quercetin as a complementary therapy for the management of diabetes mellitus, metabolic disorders, and modulating gut flora
The effect of green tea on blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textBackground and objectives: Previous trials conducted on patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) showed controversial results regarding the efficacy of green tea (GT) in improving blood pressure (BP). We conducted a review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to summarize the effect of GT supplementation on BP among patients with T2DM. Methods and study design: Online databases, including PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and ISI web of science, were searched up to March 2021 to retrieve RCTs that examined the effect of GT on BP in patients with T2DM. Meta-analyses were carried out using a random effects model. The I2 index was used to evaluate the heterogeneity. Results: Among the initial 854 studies identified from electronic databases search, ten trials, which included 681 participants, were eligible. Pooled effect size from 10 studies indicated that supplementary intake of GT had no significant effect on systolic blood pressure (SBP) (Mean Difference (MD): 0.00 mmHg, 95 % CI: (-0.01, 0.01), p = 0.997), with no significant heterogeneity between the studies (I2 = 8.8 %, p = 0.356) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (MD:-0.90 mmHg, 95 % CI: (-2.21, 0.41), p = 0.178), with significant heterogeneity among the studies (I2 = 55.6 %, p = 0.006). Subgroup analysis revealed that GT supplementation lowers DBP when intervention is conducted on patients with elevated DBP. Conclusion: Our meta-analysis revealed that although GT supplementation has no significant effect on general BP in patients with T2DM, it may significantly improve DBP in patients with T2DM who have high DBP
Preparation and evaluation of chitosan skin patches containing mesoporous silica nanoparticles loaded by doxycycline on skin wound healing
No full textThis study aims to prepare and evaluate a skin patch containing mesoporous silica nanoparticles with doxycycline for skin wound healing in a rat model. For this purpose, 84 female rats were randomly placed in four equal groups: (A) Control group with only skin defects and no therapeutic intervention; (B) Chitosan group in which a chitosan skin patch without loading any drug was placed on their skin defect; (C); The ChMesN group had a chitosan skin patch containing drug-free mesoporous silica nanoparticles; (D) ChMesND group had a skin patch loaded with doxycycline loaded with mesoporous silica nanoparticles on their skin defect. The histological results showed that on the 3rd day of the study, collagen fiber orientation was significantly higher in the ChMesND group than in the other groups. On the 7th day of the study, neovascularization, and inflammation in the ChMesND group were significantly higher and lower than in the other groups, respectively. On day 21, the most re-epithelialization was observed in the ChMesND group. It was found that on day 7, the wound area in the ChMesND group was significantly less than in other groups. On the 21st day of the study, the minimal experimental wound area was related to chitosan and ChMesND groups. Although chitosan has anti-inflammatory effects, its combination with doxycycline with several beneficial biological effects can have significant therapeutic effects with chitosan. Hence, it can be concluded that chitosan skin patch containing doxycycline can be suitable dressings for managing and accelerating the healing of skin wounds