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Effect of desensitizing tooth pastes hn dsfferent restorative materials' bond strength to coronal and root dentin
No full textAim: The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of two desensitizing tooth-pastes on the shear bond strength of resin composite and glass ionomer restorative materials to coronal and root dentin. Materials and Methods: 108 human third molars' distal or mesial sides were ground flat with a silicon-carbide paper. The samples were randomly divided into 3-major groups (N=36) to be brushed with: GroupA: Sensodyne Rapid Relief; GroupB: Colgate Sensitive Pro-Relief; GroupC: Colgate Total 12 toothpastes. Brushing was performed with tooth brushing simulator 2 times/day for 10 days with 10 strokes/brushing. They were further divided into three sub-groups (n=12) to receive the following adhesion protocols to coronal/root dentin. Group1: Clearfil SE Bond + Filtek Z250 Composite; Group2: Adper Single Bond2 + Filtek Z250Composite; Group3: Riva Glass Ionomer Cement. Samples were kept in distilled water for 24 hours. Shear bond strength test was performed with Universal Test Machine (cross head speed: 0.5 mm/sec). The data were evaluated statistically. Results: For all restorative techniques evaluated, the least shear bond strength values were obtained after Sensodyne Rapid Relief usage.Riva Glass Ionomer Cement demonstrated statistically significant inferior shear bond strength values than resin composite. Conclusion: Self-etch systems may be the choice for adhesion after desensitizing toothpaste usage. © 2018 Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry
Marginal Adaptation of Provisional CAD/CAM Restorations Fabricated Using Various Simulated Digital Cement Space Settings
No full textPurpose: The ideal digital cement space value for the fabrication of provisional computer-aided design/ computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) crowns with clinically acceptable marginal adaptation is not well known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different simulated cement space settings on the marginal tit of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) provisional CAD/CAM restorations. Materials and Methods: An extracted premolar tooth was prepared using ceramic crown preparation guidelines and represented both natural teeth and/or custom implant abutments. The prepared tooth abutment was scanned with a three-dimensional (3D) laboratory scanner (D900, 3Shape). CAD design software was used to subsequently design a premolar crown core with three different simulated cement space settings (20 to 40 mu m, 20 to 50 mu m, 20 to 60 mu m). PMMA blocks were used to mill the specimens (n = 9, N = 27). Using a stereo zoom microscope, a total of 36 images for each of the 3 groups (9 crowns per group, 4 sites per crown) were captured to measure the mean vertical marginal discrepancy for every group. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to analyze the data, and the post hoc Tukey multiple comparison test was performed. Results: The marginal gap values of the PMMA cores fabricated using the three cement space settings were significantly different from each other (P < .001). The marginal gap was smaller with a 20- to 60-mu m setting compared with 20 to 50 mu m and 20 to 40 mu m, and the 20- to 50-mu m setting allowed for smaller marginal gaps compared with 20 to 40 mu m (P < .001). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, the marginal gaps of CAD/CAM-fabricated PMMA cores were smaller when the cement space was larger. The smallest marginal gaps were achieved when a 20- to 60-mu m cement space was used (P < .001)
Effect of PLIF and TLIF on sagittal spinopelvic balance of patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis
No full textObjective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of PLIF and TLIF on sagittal spinopelvic balance and to compare radiological results of two surgical procedures with regard to spinopelvic parameters.
Methods: Thirty-five patients (34 female and 1 male; mean age: 52.29 +/- 13.08 (range: 35-75)) with degenerative spondylolisthesis cases were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups according to surgical technique: PLIF and TLIF. The level and the severity of listhesis according to Meyerding classification were assessed and spinopelvic parameters including sacral slope, pelvic tilt, pelvic incidence (PI), lumbar lordosis, and segmental lumbar lordosis were measured on digital X-rays. All preoperative and postoperative parameters and the results were compared between two groups.
Results: The age distribution was similar in both groups (p = 0.825) and there was no difference between the mean PI of the groups (p = 0.616). In 15 patients, spondylolisthesis level were at the L5-S1 level (PLIF: 8, TLIF: 7), in 16 patients at the L4-L5 level (PLIF: 6, TLIF: 10) and in 4 patients at the L3-L4 level (PLIF: 2, TLIF: 2). According to Meyerding classification, before the operation, the sliding grades were 0 in 4 patients, 1 in 21 patients, 2 in 7 patients, and 3 in 3 patients. The grades changed into 0 in 28 patients, 1 in 5 patients, and 2 in 2 patients after surgery. There were no differences in the grade of listhesis between PLIF and TLIF groups preoperatively (p = 0.190) and postoperatively (p = 0.208). In both groups, the spondylolisthesis-related deformities of patients were significantly corrected after surgery (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: PLIF and TLIF techniques have similar radiological results in restoring the sagittal spinopelvic balance in patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis. Both techniques are good options to achieve reduction and fusion in patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis, but have no advantage over each other for restoring spinopelvic balance. (C) 2018 Turkish Association of Orthopaedics and Traumatology. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V
Molecular Characterization of Drug Resistance in Hepatitis B Viruses Isolated from Patients with Chronical Infection in Turkey
No full textBackground: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has a high mutation rate due to its unusual replication strategy leading to the production of a large number of virions with single and double mutations. The mutations, in turn, are associated with the development of drug resistance to nucleos(t)ide analogs (NUCs) in patients before and during NUCs therapy.
Objectives: The current study aimed at investigating the molecular characterization of HBV in Turkish patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection.
Methods: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and direct sequencing procedures were used to analyze mutations. The detected drug resistance mutations were divided into the nucleos(t) ide analogs primary, partial, and compensatory resistance groups. The amino acid substitutions of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) were categorized into antiviral drug - associated potential vaccine-escape mutations (ADAPVEMs) and typical HBsAg amino acid substitutions, which included hepatitis B hyperimmunoglobulin (HBIg) - selected escape mutation, vaccine escape mutation, hepatitis B misdiagnosis, and immune - selected amino acid substitutions.
Results: The number of patients included in the study was 528 out of which 271 (51.3%) were treatment - naive and 351 (66.3%) were hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) - negative. Moreover, 325 (61.6%) were males with a mean age of 38 years (range: 18 - 69). Primary, partial, and compensatory resistance to NUCs was reported in 174 (32.9%) patients. Six different ADAPVEM motifs were determined in both treatment - naive and treatment - experienced patients, namely, sF161L/rtI169X, sE164D/rtV173L, sL172L/rtA181T, sL173F/rtA181V, sS195M/rtM204V, and sS196L/rtM204I. The prevalence of ADAPVEMs and typical HBsAg escape mutations was 5.3% (n = 28) and 34.8% (n = 184), respectively.
Conclusions: The analysis of drug resistance should constitute a fundamental part of the follow - up period of patients with CHB undergone treatment with NUCs. The surveillance of development of drug resistance mutations, while receiving treatment for hepatitis B is of paramount importance to monitor and control the emerging resistance
The effect of combined preconditioning strategies on isokinetic strength in well trained kickboxers
No full textPurpose: The use of preconditioning strategies (PconSt) alone has a positive impact on performance. However, it is thought that there will be more impact on the performance of the combined preconditioning strategies, and this is the first work to prove it. This study was to examine the effect of combined preconditioning strategies on isokinetic strength in well-trained kickboxers.
Material: The following preconditioning strategies were combined: morning resistance exercise (MRE), ischemic preconditioning (IP), active warm-up (AW-U), hormonal preconditioning (HP) and post-activation potentiation (PAP). Fifteen well-trained male kickboxers (age: 22.38 +/- 4.01years, height: 182.23 +/- 1.05cm, body mass: 77.67 +/- 8.01kg) volunteered for this study. Peak isokinetic knee extension and flexion moment were determined at 60 degrees/s, 180 degrees/s and 240 degrees/s bilaterally. All participants performed the pre-test and then were randomly divided into Sham and PconSt groups on separate days. For the PconSt group, MRE, IP, AW-U, HP and PAP were implemented sequentially before test.
Results: The findings indicated significant increase in strength after combined training in the PconSt groups for right leg flexion at 180 degrees/s flexion (p < 0.05). The average percentage strength difference between sham and PconSt groups was 4.12 +/- 8.95%.
Conclusions: This study showed that a combined preconditioning strategy increased isokinetic strength
A novel mutation of Dent's disease in an 11-year-old male with nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis
No full textDent's disease is a rare X-linked recessive tubulopathy characterized by low molecular weight (LMW) proteinuria, hypercalciuria, nephrolcalcinosis or nephrolithiasis, proximal tubular dysfunction and renal failure in adulthood. Females are carriers and usually mildly affected. Progression to end-stage renal failure are at the 3rd-5th decades of life in 30-80% of affected males. In the absence of therapy targeting for the molecular defect, the current care of patients with Dent’s disease is supportive, focusing on the prevention of nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis. We present an 11-year-old child with nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis caused by a new mutation at CLCN5 gene. © 2018 Sociedad Argentina de Pediatria. All rights reserved
The Effect of Extensively Drug-resistant Infections on Mortality in Surgical Intensive Care Patients
No full textObjective: The aim of the study was to assess the outcomes of intensive care unit acquired extensively drug-resistant (XDR) bacterial infections in a surgical patient cohort.
Materials and Methods: The data of patients with XDR bacteria isolated at Baskent University Hospital, Anesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care Unit between January 2016 and December 2016 were reviewed retrospectively. Adult patients over 18 years of age who had undergone surgery within the first 24 hours and who developed intensive care unit infection 48 hours after admission to intensive care unit were included in the study.
Results: All of the 341 patients who admitted to the surgical intensive care unit during the study period were underwent surgery within the first 24 hours. XDR bacterial infections were isolated in 30 out (9%) of these 341 patients. The mean APACHE II score was calculated as 18.5 +/- 5.3, and expected mean mortality rate of 35 +/- 17.1. The mean length of intensive care unit stay was 27.0 +/- 27.4 days, while the mean hospital stay was 49.0 +/- 34.3 days. The hospital mortality rate was found to be 57% (n=7).
Conclusion: As a conclusion of our study, we found that XDR bacterial infections were common (9%) among intensive care surgical patients and their mortality rate was higher than their expected mortality rate according to their APACHE II scores calculated during intensive care unit admission (57% vs. 35%, respectively)
Yakıt türüne göre motosiklet seçimi ve yeni bir tasarım
No full textMotosikletler günümüz koşullarına oldukça uygun ulaşım araçları olup Motosikletler
benzinli ve elektrikli olmak üzere ikiye ayrılır. Bu çalışmada elektrikli ve benzinli
motosikletler belirli parametreler ile karşılaştırılarak incelenecektir.
Çalışmada motosiklet kullanıcılarının fikirleri doğrultusunda elektrikli ve benzinli
motorların özelliklerinin ayrıntılı olarak araştırılması ve ölçülebilen değerlerin
belirlenerek karşılaştırma verisi olarak kullanılması amaçlanmaktadır. Kullanıcıların
fikirlerini belirleyebilmek amacıyla bir sorgulama sistemi oluşturulacak, alınan
cevaplar doğrultusunda tercih sebepleri ve parametreler belirlenecektir.
Ölçülen değerler ve sorgulama sistemi sonucunda elde edilen veriler uygun
yöntemler kullanılarak karşılaştırılarak, yorumlanacak ve çalışma tamamlanacaktır.
Motorcycles are very convenient transportation means for today's conditions.
Motorcycles are divided into two types as gasoline engined motorcycles and electric
engined motorcycles. In this study, electric engined and gasoline engined
motorcycles will be examined by comparing them with certain parameters.
In the examinations, it is aimed to investigate the characteristics of electric
and gasoline engines in detail in accordance with the opinions of motorcycle users
and to use the measurable values as comparison data. In the study, the features of
electric and gasoline engines will be investigated and the differences will be
determined, measurements will be obtained for the selected models, an inquiry
system will be set up to determine the opinions of the users, preference reasons
and parameters will be determined according to the answers received.
The measured values and the data obtained as a result of the query system
will be compared and interpreted using appropriate methods and the study will be
completed
Özel sağlık sigortası Türkiye ve dünya uygulamaları
No full textToplumun sağlıklı bireylere sahip olması, toplumların gelişmesinde en önemli
konudur. Bu sebeple sosyal güvenlik kavramı içerisinde sunulan sağlık hizmetleri önemli
yer tutmaktadır. Sağlık hizmetleri ciddi bir finans kaynağı da gerektirdiği için birçok yönü
ile ele alınması gereken konular arasındadır. Çalışmamızda sosyal güvenlik kapsamında
ülkemizde sunulan sağlık hizmetlerine detaylı yer verilmiş ve Dünya’daki örnekler ile
uygulama farklılıkları aktarılmıştır. Sağlık sigortasında kamu uygulamaları ve özel sağlık
sigortacılığı ele alınarak, her iki sigortanın ayrı ya da birlikte kullanım durumları
incelenmiştir. Özel sağlık sigortacılığında uygulamalar; risk kabul durumları, teminat tanım
ve içerikleri ile iletilmiştir. Türkiye’deki sigorta şirketlerinden prim üretim sıralamasında ilk
dörtte olan sigorta şirketlerinin özel şartları ile sektör uygulamaları da aktarılarak genel ve
özel sağlık sigortası kullanıcılarına ve meslek olarak sigortacılığı seçmiş olup sağlık sigortası
satışı yapan kişilere genel hatlarıyla ürün, sistem ve içerik hakkında bilgi verilmektedir.
Çalışmamızın sonucu olarak; genel sağlık sisteminin, özel tamamlayıcı sağlık
sigortaları ile kapsamının genişletilebileceği, ülkelerin sağlık modellerini, sağlık
finansmanlarına ve sağlık bütçelerine göre belirlemelerinin gerekliliği belirtilmiştir. Sağlık
sigortaları bir bütün olduğu için bu konuda çalışmalar yapılırken sosyal sağlık sistemi, özel
sağlık sigortacılığı ve dünya örnekleri detaylı incelenmeli ve sağlık reformlarına açık
olmaları ifade edilmektedir.
The most important issue in the development of societies is having healthy people.
For this reason, health services provided within the concept of social security have an
important place. Due to health services requires many financial sources need to be searched
in many ways. In our study, we gave details the health services offered in our country in
scope of social security and the differences between the examples in the world’s
applications, In addition we have studied the public applications in health insurance
and private health insurance which used for both insurance companies separately or in
combination. Practices in private health insurance; risk acceptance status, coverage and
contents. The special conditions of the insurance companies, which are the first four in the
premium production line in Turkey, are also transferred to the general and private health
insurance users and insurance companies by transferring the sector applications and
information about the products, systems and contents are given to the persons who sell health
insurance.
As a result of our study; the scope of general health system should be expanded with
the specific supplement health insurance model and to determine countries’ health models
according to health finances and health budgets. Since health insurance is the monolith, the
social health system, private health insurance, and World examples should be examined in
detail and stated in open to health reforms
Genel işlem koşulları ve benzer kurumlar
No full textYüksek lisans tezi olarak hazırlanan bu çalışmada, genel işlem koşulları
incelenmiştir. Genel işlem koşulları, günümüzde bankacılık, sigortacılık, seyahat ve taşıma
işleri gibi birçok alanda kullanılan sözleşmelerde yer almaktadır. Ancak, Türk Hukukunda
6098 sayılı Türk Borçlar Kanunundan önce genel işlem koşulları hakkında herhangi bir
genel hüküm mevcut değildi. Bu eksiklik, 6098 sayılı Türk Borçlar Kanunu ile
giderilmiştir. Buna göre, genel işlem koşulları, Türk Borçlar Kanununun 20 ila 25.
maddeleri arasında ayrıntılı bir şekilde düzenlenmiş ve sınırlandırılmıştır.
Bu kapsamda, öncelikle sözleşme özgürlüğü incelenmiş, daha sonra Türk Borçlar
Kanunu kapsamında genel işlem koşullarını düzenleyen yürürlük denetimi, yorum
denetimi ve içerik denetimini de kapsayan hükümlere yer verilmiştir. Çalışmamızın
devamında genel işlem koşullarına benzer veya bu koşulları içerebilen haksız şart,
dürüstlük kuralına aykırılık neticesinde ortaya çıkan haksız rekabet hali ile genel iş
koşulları ele alınmıştır.
In this work prepared as a master thesis, the issue analyzed is the general
transaction conditions. Nowadays the general transaction conditions take place in
agreements which are used in many areas such as banking, insurance, travelling and
carriage. However, there wasn’t any general legal provision relating to the general
transaction conditions before The Turkish Code of Obligations no 6098. The Turkish Code
of Obligations no 6098 made up for the deficiency. Accordingly, the general transaction
conditions are put in order and lined off elaborately between Article 20 and 25 of The
Turkish Code of Obligations.
In this context, first of all, the freedom of contract and then provisions under The
Turkish Code of Obligations, including enforcement, review and content supervision have
been examined. In the course of our work, the aspects similar with or containing the
general transaction conditions, such as unfair contract terms, unfair competition arising
from the contradiction of good faith and general business conditions