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Does self-organization facilitates adaptability and success ın complex adaptive systems?
No full textThe recent business environment has forced managers and organizations to start looking for
management paradigms that will allow them to fully appreciate the happenings in the
environment. This need has triggered so much efforts and researches into the field of selforganization
theory as an alternative management paradigm to help them adapt to the
environment. This empirical research is an effort to assess the roles played by self-organization
in promoting adaptability to the business environment. In undertaking the study, the mixed
methods research was employed as an experimental study was accompanied with social network
analysis and observation. The results of the study revealed that self-organization plays a major
role in facilitating and promoting adaptability and success of the organization. Also, it is noticed
that teams or groups have to understand the goals and objectives of performing tasks clearly in
order to be successful. It further revealed that; strong interactions, high levels of autonomy, and
strong and positive value system- drives self-organization processes in the organization. Based
on this study, it is recommended that further empirical studies are conducted and replicated in
other locations and also using other research methodologies that are appropriate. Finally,
organizations and policy makers should adopt organizational designs and policies that are
appropriate for self-organization processes to thrive within the organization.
Gunümüz iş ortamı, yöneticileri ve kuruluşları, çevrede meydana gelen olayları tam olarak
anlamalarına izin verecek yönetim paradigmalarını aramaya zorladı. Bu ihtiyaç, çevreye uyum
sağlamalarına yardımcı olacak alternatif bir yönetim paradigması olarak öz-örgütlenme teorisi
alanında çok fazla çaba ve araştırma başlatmıştır. Bu ampirik araştırma, iş ortamına uyum
sağlamanın teşvik edilmesinde öz-örgütlenmenin oynadığı rolleri değerlendirmeyi
hedeflemektedir. Çalışmada, karma yöntem uygulanmış, deneysel bir çalışma sosyal ağ analizi
ve gözlem eşliğinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçları, örgütlenmenin uyarlanabilirliğini
ve başarısını kolaylaştırmak ve teşvik etmek için öz-örgütlenmenin önemli bir rol oynadığını
ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca, takımların veya grupların başarılı olabilmeleri için görevleri
gerçekleştirmenin amaçlarını ve hedeflerini net olarak anlamaları gerektiği de dikkati
çekmektedir. Sonuçlar; güçlü etkileşimler, yüksek otonomi seviyeleri ve güçlü ve pozitif değer
sistemi, organizasyondaki öz-örgütlenme süreçlerini yönlendirdiğini göstermektedir. Bu
çalışmaya dayalı olarak, başka yerlerde ampirik çalışmaların yapılması, çoğaltılması, ve ayrıca
uygun diğer araştırma yöntemlerinin kullanılması önerilmektedir. Son olarak, kuruluşlar ve
politika yapıcılar örgüt içinde gelişmek için öz-örgütlenme süreçlerine uygun örgütsel tasarım ve
politikaları benimsemelidir
Gayrimenkul yatırım ortaklıklarının performanslarının incelenmesi: Türkiye'deki gayrimenkul yatırım ortakları üzerine bir araştırma
No full textGayrimenkul Yatırım Ortaklıklığı (GYO), en genel ifadeyle portföylerinde
gayrimenkul bulunduran, onları işleten veya finanse eden kuruluşlardır. Her ülkede farklı
kuruluş şartları ve mevzuat hükümlerine tabi olsalar da, temel amaçları küçük tasarruf
sahiplerini bir araya getirerek büyük gayrimenkul projelerine yatırım yapmalarını
sağlamaktadır. Bu sayede kendileri de büyük projeler için finans sorununa çözüm bulur ve
kendilerine sunulan birçok vergi avantajından yararlanırlar.
GYO'larla ilgili olarak yapılan bu çalışmanın amacı, 2013-2017 yılları arasında
Türkiye'de borsada işlem gören GYO'ların finansal performanslarının ölçülmesidir.
Çalışma dört bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde GYO kavramı tanıtılmış, gelişimi
ve türleri üzerinde durulmuştur. İkinci bölümde, Türkiye'de yıllar itibariyle GYO'ların
gelişimleri ele alınmış ve genel olarak mevzuata değinilmiştir. Üçüncü bölümde, konuyla
ilgili literatür ve kullanılan analiz yöntemleri incelenmiştir. Son bölümde ise elde edilen
sonuçlar verilmiş ve yorumlanmıştır. Yapılan çalışma sonunda incelenen yıllar arasında
sektörün en başarılı olduğu yılın 2014 yılı olduğu görülmüştür. Sektörde yer alan
firmaların başarı durumuna bakıldığında ise 2013 yılında İdeal GYO, 2014 yılında Körfez
GYO, 2015 yılında Vakıf GYO, 2017 yılında Panora GYO performansı en yüksek şirket
olmuştur.
Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) are institutions that hold, operate or finance
real estate in their portfolios. Although they are subject to different establishment
conditions and legislative provisions in each country, their main purpose is to bring small
savings owners together and invest in large real estate projects. On this account they also
find solutions to the financial problems for large projects and benefit from many tax
advantages.
The purpose of the study, between the years 2013-2017 is to measure the financial
performance of publicly traded REITs in Turkey. The study consists of four parts. In the
first part, the concept of REIT is introduced, its development and its types are emphasized.
In the second section, from one year to the development of REITs in Turkey were
discussed, and generally referred to legislation. In the third chapter, the literature study to
measure the financial performance of the study, the financial ratios and the methods used
to analyze the data were examined. In the last part, the obtained results are given and
interpreted. At the end of the study, it is seen that the most successful sector among the
years examined is the year 2014 of the year. Given the success of the companies in the
sector, Ideal REIT is the best performing company in 2013, Körfez REIT in 2014, Vakıf
REIT in 2015 and Panora REIT in 2017
Sorunlu kredilerin yönetiminde varlık yönetim şirketlerinin rolü ve Türkiye uygulaması
No full textVarlık Yönetim Şirketleri, dünyada ilk olarak 1930’lu yıllarda ekonomilerde
yaşanan finansal sorunların çözüm umudu olarak ortaya çıkan ve zamanla karşılaşılan
finansal ya da sistemsel yeni sorunlara, ihtiyaçlara ve eksikliklere ve elde edilen
gelişmelere göre gerekli yasal düzenlemelerle güçlü bir şekilde yasal zemine oturtulan ve
bankalara ve kredi müşterilerine hizmet vermekte olan kuruluşlardır.
Ülkemizde Kasım 2000 - Şubat 2001 Krizleri ya da İkiz Krizler olarak bilinen kriz
zamanlarında büyük ölçüde sorunlar yaşayan reel sektörün ve finans sektörünün
sorunlarına çözüm aranmaktayken çözüm için Londra Yaklaşımı’ndan esinlenilen İstanbul
Yaklaşımı ve sonrasında da Anadolu Yaklaşımı ile birlikte Varlık Yönetim Şirketleri’nin
kurulması önerileri sonucu bu kuruluşlar ülkemiz finansal piyasalarında kendilerini
göstermeye başlamışlardır.
Varlık Yönetim Şirketleri, dünyada ve ülkemizde yukarıda değindiğimiz bu
sebepler ve sonuçlar sonrasında oldukça yaygınlaşan ve bankaların kredi müşterilerinden
tahsil edemeyerek bir kısmını ya da tamamını kaybetmeyi kabul etmek zorunda kaldıkları
varlıklarını pazarlık ya da ihale yoluyla satın alırken aynı zamanda kredi müşterilerini de
ödeyemedikleri mevcut borçlarından ve bu borçlarından kaynaklanan finansal
kimliklerindeki olumsuz görüntülerinden kurtaran bir finansal sektör oyuncusu haline
gelmiştir. Kendi alanlarında giderek profesyonelleşen bu kuruluşlar finansal piyasalarda
faaliyet göstermektedirler.
Çalışmanın ilk bölümünde genel olarak kredi ile ilgili bilgiler, sorunlu krediler,
sorunlu kredilerin etkileri, sorunlu kredilerin çözüm yolları ve sorunlu kredilerin geçmişi
ve çözümüne yönelik yaklaşımlar incelenmiştir. İkinci bölümünde varlık yönetim
şirketlerinin dünyada ve ülkemizde ortaya çıkış süreci, önemleri, politikaları ve
politikalarının amaçları, türleri, çalışma yöntemleri, etkenliklerini artıran etmenler ve
olumlu ve olumsuz yönleri incelenmiştir. Son bölümde ise varlık yönetim şirketlerinin
ülkemizdeki yasal dayanağı, bankaların ya da diğer mali kuruluşların varlıklarını elden
çıkarma sebepleri ve elden çıkarma aşamaları, varlık yönetim şirketlerinin bu kuruluşların
varlıklarını alma amaçları ve almayı tercih ettikleri varlık türleri, bu varlıkların alınması ve satılması ile ilgili aşamalar ve varlık yönetim şirketlerinin ve sektörün günümüzdeki
durumu incelenmiştir.
Asset Management Companies have come to exist at the beginning of 1930’s as a
way out of financial problems and crisis in this period. Later on, because of new financial
and sectoral problems, necessities and deficiencies and new sectoral developments, Asset
Management Companies and their activities have been placed on strong legal basis. Today,
Asset Management Companies are the companies which provide services to banks and
banks’ credit customers.
Asset Management Companies have also come to exist in our country’s financial
markets as a part of solutions seeking for the problems of real sector and financial sector
during the November 2000 - February 2001 crisis (in other words, Twin Crisis). In these
periods, Asset Management Companies are the one of the solutions suggested that
presented the İstanbul Approach, inspired by London Approach, later on together with
Anadolu Approach.
From the above-mentioned reasons and results, these companies started showing up
all around the world as well as in our country. To put it simply, Asset Management
Companies are in service between the banks, which have to accept to lose some or all of
loans that they provide to their customers, and credit customers who have a taint because
of their debts in their financial identities. To summarize this service; first, companies
purchase banks’ non-performing loans or other bad assets through a tender or a mutual
agreement, after this purchasing operation, companies make contact with credit customers
whose debts are purchased by companies to restructure the credits by common consent.
Today, these companies have become a professional player of financial markets.
In the first part of this study, general knowledge for credits, non-performing loans,
effects of non-performing loans, background and solutions of non-performing loans and
approaches for solutions of non-performing loans are overviewed. In the second part, it is
examined that appearance of asset management companies all around the world and in our
country as well, policies and aims of these policies of companies, importance, types,
operation modes, and positive and negative aspects of companies and the factors that raise
companies’ effectiveness are overviewed. In the last part, companies’ legal basis in our country, reasons for banks or other financial institutions to sell their non-performing loans
or other bad assets and steps of this sellout process, steps of overall purchase and sale
process of these assets for companies, reasons for companies to purchase non-performing
loans or other bad assets and the types of assets that the companies prefer to purchase and
finally present status of assets management companies and the sector that these companies
are in
Biofilm-forming capacity of blood-borne Candida albicans strains and effects of antifungal agents
No full textInfections related to Candida albicans biofilms and subsequent antifungal resistance have become more common with the increased use of indwelling medical devices. Regimens for preventing fungal biofilm formation are needed, particularly in high-risk patients. In this study, we investigated the biofilm formation rate of multiple strains of Candida albicans (n = 162 clinical isolates), their antifungal susceptibility patterns, and the efficacy of certain antifungals for preventing biofilm formation. Biofilm formation was graded using a modified Christensen's 96-well plate method. We further analyzed 30 randomly chosen intense biofilm-forming isolates using the XTT method. Minimum biofilm inhibition concentrations (MBIC) of caspofungin, micafungin, anidulafungin, fluconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, itraconazole, and amphotericin B were determined using the modified Calgary biofilm method. In addition, the inhibitory effects of antifungal agents on biofilm formation were investigated. Our study showed weak, moderate, and extensive biofilm formation in 29% (n = 47), 38% (n = 61), and 23% (n = 37) of the isolates, respectively. We found that echinocandins had the lowest MBIC values and that itraconazole inhibited biofilm formation in more isolates (26/32; 81.3%) than other tested agents. In conclusion, echinocandins were most effective against formed biofilms, while itraconazole was most effective for preventing biofilm formation. Standardized methods are needed for biofilm antifungal sensitivity tests when determining the treatment and prophylaxis of C. albicans infections. (c) 2017 Asociacion Argentina de Microbiologia. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U
Impact of lymph node ratio on survival in stage III ovarian high-grade serous cancer: a Turkish Gynecologic Oncology Group study
No full textObjective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of lymph node ratio (LNR) in patients with stage III ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC).
Methods: A multicenter, retrospective department database review was performed to identify patients with ovarian HGSC at 6 gynecologic oncology centers in Turkey. A total of 229 node-positive women with stage III ovarian HGSC who had undergone maximal or optimal cytoreductive surgery plus systematic lymphadenectomy followed by paclitaxel plus carboplatin combination chemotherapy were included. LNR, defined as the percentage of positive lymph nodes (LNs) to total nodes recovered, was stratified into 3 groups: LNR1 (= 50%). Kaplan-Meier method was used to generate survival data. Factors predictive of outcome were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards models.
Results: Thirty-one women (13.6%) were classified as stage IIIA1, 15 (6.6%) as stage IIIB, and 183 (79.9%) as stage IIIC. The median age at diagnosis was 56 (range, 18-87), and the median duration of follow-up was 36 months (range, 1-120 months). For the entire cohort, the 5-year overall survival (OS) was 52.8%. An increased LNR was associated with a decrease in 5-year OS from 65.1% for LNR1, 42.5% for LNR2, and 25.6% for LNR3, respectively (p= 0.50 were 2.7 times more likely to die of their tumors (hazard ratio [HR]= 2.7; 95% confidence interval [CI]= 1.42-5.18; p<0.001).
Conclusion: LNR seems to be an independent prognostic factor for decreased OS in stage III ovarian HGSC patients
A Rare Case of the Urinary Bladder: Small Cell Carcinoma
No full textSmall cell carcinoma generally originates from the lungs. However, rarely, it could be observed in organs other than the lungs. Primary small cell carcinoma of the bladder is a rare and aggressive disease and it generally presents itself with metastasis. Although there has not been a consensus on the method of treatment for this rare disease, multimodal treatment is recommended. In this study, we present long-term results of transurethral resection in a patient with non-muscle-invasive primary small cell carcinoma who refused additional treatments
Effects of chronic flexed wrist posture on the elasticity and cross-sectional area of the median nerve at the carpal tunnel among chronic stroke patients
No full textAim: To investigate the effects of chronic flexed wrist posture following spasticity on the elasticity and cross-sectional area (CSA) of the median nerve at the carpal tunnel among chronic stroke patients. Material and method: This prospective study included 24 consecutive patients (mean age, 56.5 +/- 11.56 years) with unilateral wrist spasticity following a stroke in a chronic phase. The CSA of the median nerve was measured by ultrasound (US). The elasticity was measured by Virtual Touch tissue imaging quantification (VTIQ; Siemens, Erlangen, Germany). SWV and CSA of the median nerves of the affected and unaffected sides for each patient were compared. The correlations between duration of time since the stroke, SWV and CSA of the median nerve were assessed. The interobserver agreement was assessed. Results: The CSA of the median nerve at the affected side was significantly lower than that of the unaffected side (p = 0.03). The SWV of the median nerve at the affected side was significantly higher than that on the unaffected side (p = 0.05). Conclusions: These results suggest that chronic flexed wrist posture may cause atrophy of the median nerve due to chronic compression after stroke and increase in the stiffness of the median nerve
The approach to community-acquired pneumonia: A survey study
No full textINTRODUCTION AND AIM: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), which is often seen in daily practice, is a lower respiratory tract and pulmonary parenchyma infection which develops in society and daily life with community-acquired pathogens in individuals with no known immune failure. Delay in the treatment of pneumonia is known to increase morbidity and mortality. Various scoring systems are currently used in the identification of treatment groups in pneumonia. With the aim of evaluating the approach to CAP cases, the infection.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Working Group of the Turkish Respiratory Research Association (TUSAD) prepared a 22-item questionnaire.
RESULTS: The survey was published on the TUSAD official website between July 2013 and June 2016. A total of 78 individuals responded to the questionnaire on the website.
CONCLUSION: The responses to the questionnaire could indicate the way forward for new guidelines for physicians in respect of the approach to CAP
The Role of Diagnostic Approaches to Determine the Treatment
No full textThe diagnosis of dermatological diseases requires cytological, dermatoscopic, histopathological examinations, some laboratory tests, and radiology imaging in addition to clinical examination. However, these tests are quite important, not only in time of diagnosis, but also in patient follow ups and determining the therapeutic approach. In this article, the diagnostic tests are reviewed that may help to dermatologists in detecting the treatment of dermatological diseases
Tissue engineering and its application areas
No full textTissue engineering is a multidisciplinary area that has been put forward to offer solutions to the problems arising from limiting factors, especially the lack of donors and the formation of immunological response in organ transplantation. This approach finds application in the field of regenerative medicine by demonstrating the appropriate tissue and/or organ model. Basically, tissue engineering involves the construction of scaffolds suitable for the target tissue and/or organ, the factors that make up this scaffold, and the cells to be added to this scaffold. Nowadays, especially stem cell studies can be applied in three dimensional (3D) structures by using cell culture conditions in scaffold construction. In recent years, regenerative medicine approaches have focused on areas where stem cell and three dimensional structures are studied. Today, stem cell studies in which three dimensional culture conditions are applied instead of two dimensional (2D) culture conditions and these three dimensional culture media can be found in dynamic culture conditions with elements such as bioreactors gain increasing importance in terms of tissue engineering and renewable medicine. Depending on the developing technology, tissue engineering products have a wide clinical coverage. Some of the tissue engineering products designed for tissue and organ regeneration, displacing damaged tissue or organ have an important place in life sciences today, including research and some clinical use. Especially in recent years, regenerative medicine studies, which have gained significant momentum due to improvements in stem cell technology and biomolecularization, have made tissue engineering an important part of life sciences. In this review, the elements that make up the tissue engineering will be explained with examples of the literature. © 2018 by Türkiye Klinikleri