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Konut ve çatılı işyeri kiralarında kira bedeli
No full textKira sözleşmesi, kiraya verenin bir şeyin sadece kullanılmasını ya da hem
kullanılmasını hem de yararlanılmasını kiracıya bırakmayı, kiracının da bunun karşılığında
kararlaştırılan kira bedelini ödemeyi üstlendiği bir sözleşme türüdür. Kira sözleşmesi, Türk
Borçlar Kanununda ‘’Genel Hükümler’’, ‘’Konut ve Çatılı İşyeri Kiraları’’, ‘’Ürün Kirası’’
olarak üç ayrım altında incelenmiştir.
Konut ve çatılı işyeri kiraları ise uygulamada en sık karşılaşılan sözleşmelerdir.
Konut ve çatılı işyeri kiralarının konusunu bir konut veya çatılı işyeri oluşturur. Ancak
bunlarla birlikte kullanımı kiracıya bırakılan taşınırlar hakkında da konut ve çatılı işyeri
kiralarına ilişkin hükümler uygulanır. Dolayısıyla konut ve çatılı işyeri niteliği taşıyan
taşınmazlarla birlikte, kullanımı kiracıya bırakılan taşınırlar da konut ve çatılı işyeri
kiralarının kapsamına girer.
Konut ve çatılı işyeri kirası sözleşmelerinde taraflar arasında en çok kira bedeli
unsurunda anlaşmazlık yaşanmaktadır. Bu durumla özellikle bir yıldan uzun süreli yapılan
kira sözleşmelerinde daha çok karşılaşılır. Konut ve çatılı işyeri kiralarında, kira bedelinin
ilk defa belirlenmesinde, taraflar sözleşme özgürlüğü gereği kural olarak serbesttirler.
Ancak konut ve çatılı işyeri kiralarında, kira bedelinin, yenilenen kira dönemleri için
belirlenmesi konusunda kiracıyı koruyucu nitelikte bazı düzenlemeler getirilmiştir. Bu
konuda yapılan yasal düzenlemeler, tarafların daha önce kira bedeli konusunda aralarında
yaptıkları anlaşmanın olup olmadığı, kira süresi ya da kira bedelinin yabancı para yahut
ülke parası üzerinden belirlenmesi durumlarında farklılık arz eder.
Kanunda konut ve çatılı işyeri kiraları ayrımında 343 ile 346. maddeleri arasında
yer verilen kira bedeli hükümleri, konut ve çatılı işyeri kiraları hakkında uygulanan ve
kiracıyı koruyucu nitelik taşıyan düzenlemeler içerir. Kira bedelinin belirlenmesi davasının
da bu tür kira sözleşmeleri bakımından uygulama alanı bulduğu kabul edilir.
The rental agreement is a type of contract that the leaser assumes that the tenant
only has to use something, or that it is both used and utilized and against this the tenant
pays the rental price agreed. The lease contract has been examined under three different
distinctions as "General Provisions", "Housing and Roofed Workplace Rentals" and
"Product Rentals" in the Turkish Debt Law.
Houses and roofed workplace rentals are the most common contracts in practice.
The subject of housing and roofed workplace rentals is a residential or roofed workplace.
However, provisions apply for housing and roofed workplace rentals also relate to the
relocation of tenants with them whose use is given to tenant. Therefore, the immovable that
has property of residence and roof workplace and the movable whose use is given to tenant
are including in the scope of housing and roofed workplace rentals.
There is a rental disagreement among the parties in residential and roofed
workplace lease contracts. As an example of this situation there are contracts that are
signed more than one year in particular. When the rental price is determined for the first
time for residential and roofed office rentals, the parties are free from the requirement of
contractual liberty. But some regulations have been introduced in the tenant-protecting
nature on determining the rental price for renewed rental periods for residential and roofed
office rentals, The legal arrangements made in this subject are different whether or not the
parties have already agreed on what they have done with respect to the rental price and
when the period of rent or the amount of the rent is determined by foreign currency or
national currency.
Provisions of rental between 343 and 346 articles on division of residential and
roofed office rentals they include arrangements that are implemented in respect of housing
and workplace rentals and that have tenant protective qualification. It is accepted that the
case of determining the rent price also finds application in terms of such lease contracts
Türk sigorta sektörüne yapılan yabancı sermayeli yatırımların sebepleri ve sektöre etkileri
No full textDünyada sigortacılık sektörüne bakıldığında, sigortacılık sektörünün işlevinin riski dağıtarak kayıpları tazmin etmenin çok ötesinde olduğu görülmektedir. Sigortanın tasarruf ve fon birikimi sağlamak, gelecekle ilgili kaygıları ortadan kaldırmak gibi işlevleri vardır. Bu işlevler sayesinde yeni yatırımlar yapılmakta, yeni istihdam fırsatları doğmakta ve insanların sosyal ve ekonomik açıdan refah düzeyi yükselmektedir. Kısacası sigorta insanların daha mutlu ve gelecekten emin olmalarına yardımcı olmaktadır.
Gelişmiş ülkelerde sigortacılık sektörünün de gelişmiş olduğu görülmektedir. Türkiye’de ise sigortacılık sektörü istenilen seviyeye henüz ulaşamamıştır. Kişi başına düşen prim üretimleri karşılaştırıldığında, Türkiye’nin hala çok gerilerde olduğu görülmektedir.
Türkiye’de sigortacılığın geçmişine bakıldığında, Osmaıılı İmparatorluğu döneminden beri yabancı sermayenin çok önemli bir yeri olduğu görülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı da Türk sigorta sektöründeki yabancı sermayenin durumunu tespit etmektir.
Looking to the insurance sector in the world, it appears that the function of the insurance sector is far beyond compensating for the damage by spreading the risk. The insurance has fimctions such as saving money, accumulating fıınds and removing concems about fiıture. With these fimctions, new investments are made, new employment opportunities arise and the level of people’s social and economic prosperity increases. In short, insurance helps people become happier and more confîdent.
Although the functions of the insurance sector are so important, Turkey’s insurance sector has not reached the intended level. Compared with the insurance premium productioıı per capita in developed countries, Turkey’s premium production is seen to be far behind.
Considering the history of foreign Capital in the insurance sector of Turkey since the period of the Ottoman Empire seems to be a very important place. The aim of this study is to determine the situation of the foreign Capital in the Turkish insurance sector
Analysis of Cryptocurrencies
No full textDuring recent years Cryptocurrencies is one of the exciting discussion topics. Unfortunately, there is not yet a reliable reference on this topic.
During this study cryptocurrencies will be investigated including their production techniques and operations. Existing cryptocurrency types will be compared; their strengths and weaknesses will be discussed as well.
Security of cryptocurrencies are analyzed and their possible effects to the daily life and future of humanity will also be debated.
Thus, the major objective of this study is to provide a road map to those who are working and researching in this field.
Kripto paralar konusu son yıllarda çeşitli çevrelerde tartışma konusu yapılmaktadır. Ancak bu konuda yeterli ve geçerli bir kaynak henüz elimizde yoktur.
Bu çalışma ile kripto paraların ne oldukları, nasıl üretildikleri incelenip, işleyiş yöntemleri karşılaştırılacaktır. Bunu yaparken piyasada mevcut olan kripto para örneklerinin güçlü ve zayıf yönleri tartışılacaktır.
Çalışmada kripto paraların güvenilirlikleri ve güvenlik açıkları konusuna da ayrıca yer verilecek, kripto paraların insanlığı günümüzde ve gelecekte nasıl etkilediği ve etkileyeceği de kısaca irdelenecektir.
Böylece bu konuda çalışma ve uygulama yapacak kişilere bir yol haritası oluşturulması tezin temel amacıdır
Dutch citizens of Turkish origin who utilize healthcare services in Turkey: a qualitative study on motives and contextual factors
No full textBackground: Dutch residents of Turkish origin frequently utilize healthcare in Turkey.
Methods: To investigate their motives for doing so, we conducted a qualitative study among these healthcare users using semi-structured interviews. We complemented this with informal conversations with Turkish healthcare providers and observations at the registration offices and waiting rooms of outpatient clinics in several Turkish hospitals.
Results: Respondents believed their perceived needs for referral to specialist care and diagnostic assessments to quantify their health were not being met in the Netherlands.
Conclusions: These mismatches in expectations of what constitutes "good care" led to dissatisfaction with Dutch primary care. Consequently, respondents utilized healthcare in Turkey if the opportunity arose, and were encouraged in this by their social networks. Establishing cross-border communication between healthcare providers is necessary, because there is currently no continuity of care for cross-border patients
Effects of two doses of anti-T lymphocyte globulin-Fresenius given after full-match sibling stem cell transplantation in acute myeloblastic leukemia patients who underwent myeloablative fludarabine/busulfan conditioning
No full textObjective/background: Anti-T lymphocyte globulin Fresenius (rATG-F; ATG-Fresenius) and antithymocyte globulin (thymoglobulin), which are included in transplant protocols, are used to reduce the risk of chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) or suppress allograft rejection. Available clinical studies have been conducted in heterogenous patient populations and with different administration protocols including stem cell sources. Additionally, the pharmacokinetics of ATG is variable, and the clinically effective dose of rATG-F, in particular, is not exactly known. The aim of the study was to investigate the clinical outcomes of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients who underwent hemopoietic peripheral stem cell transplantation from full-matched sibling donors and given two different doses of r-ATG-F. Methods: This was a single-center, retrospective chart review conducted between July 2005 and July 2016. Sixty-nine consecutive AML patients who underwent transplant with fludarabine- and busulfan-based conditioning were included in the study. Patients in Group 1 received 15 mg/kg body weight rATG-F to 2013 (n = 46), and Group 2 received 30 mg/kg of rATG-F dose begining in 2013 to reduce to cGVHD (n = 23). Cyclosporine and methotrexate were used to treat acute GVHD (aGVHD) prophylaxis. Outcome parameters were compared between the groups. Results: Although the recommended dose r-ATG-F had led to a decrease in the cumulative incidence of cGVHD (27 [58.7%] vs. 8 [34.8%]; p =.03), it also increased the infection rate at 1 year (3 [6.5%] vs. 4 [17.4%]; p =.02). The two groups were similar in terms of engraftment time, aGVHD, relapse, nonrelapse mortality, and rATG-F-related toxicity. A Cox regression model revealed that aGVHD III–IV was associated with increased nonrelapse mortality at 1 year (hazard ratio = 18.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.667–199.255; p = <.02). No patients developed rATG-F-related severe adverse events (Common Terminology Criteria grade 4 or 5). Conclusion: Dose difference of rATG-F did not influence survival parameters; however, increasing the dose to 30 mg/kg seems to be effective for reducing cGVHD with an increase in infection rate requiring close monitoring of infections in AML patients who received myeloablative fludarabine/busulfan conditioning. © 2018 King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centr
Successful treatment of massive pulmonary embolism with reteplase
No full textUnexpected and unexplained out-of-hospital cardiac arrests have a poor prognosis. Difficulties encountered during the differential diagnosis phase may delay the administration of specific treatment for treatable and reversible causes of cardiac arrest. Massive pulmonary embolism is a reversible cause of cardiac arrest, but without proper management it has a high mortality rate. Presently described is the case of a 53-year-old female patient with a massive pulmonary embolism
Effect of gabapentin on primary surgical treatment of experimental sciatic nerve injury in rats
No full textBACKGROUND: The aim of our study is to minimize the morbidity related to nerve injury by determining the protective effects of gabapentin in experimental sciatic nerve injury and end-to-end anastomosis model in rats and to guide clinical studies on this subject.
METHOD: In our study, 40 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the following five groups: I: Only surgical intervention was applied; II: The sciatic nerve was cut properly and was repaired by end-to-end anastomosis. No additional procedure was performed; III: A single dose of gabapentin at 30 mg/kg was given after anastomosis; IV: 30 mg/kg gabapentin was given for 3 days after anastomosis; and V: 30 mg/kg gabapentin was given for 7 days after anastomosis. The experiment was terminated with high-dose thiopental (50 mg/kg) 60 days after the surgical intervention. The right sciatic nerve was taken from all animals. The obtained sections were examined immunohistopathologically.
RESULT: Immunohistochemical properties and Schwann cell proliferation were found to be statistically significantly lower in the control group than in the other groups. Schwann cell proliferation was higher in Group 3 than in Group 5. Immunohistochemical changes were significantly lower in Group 4 than in Group 3. Axonal degeneration was also higher in Group 4 than in Group 3.
CONCLUSION: Gabapentin promotes neurological recovery histopathologically in peripheral nerve injury due to its neuroprotective properties. Our study results show that gabapentin can be used as an adjunctive therapy to primary surgical treatment after peripheral nerve injury
Investigation of SOSTDC1 gene in non-syndromic patients with supernumerary teeth
No full textBackground: The etiology of supernumerary teeth is still unclear however heredity is believed to be a major factor and this idea was supported by several case reports. Recently, a relationship between supernumerary tooth formation and deficiency of Uterine Sensitization Associated Gene-1 (Usag-1), a rat gene that is expressed in sensitized endometrium, was reported in mice. The human homolog gene for Usag-1, Sclerostin Domain Containing 1 (SOSTDC1), shows 85% identity with mouse Usag-1. The present study aimed to investigate SOSTDC1 coding regions in non-syndromic patients with one or more supernumerary teeth.
Material and Methods: Twenty-five non-syndromic patients (21 male and 4 female) aged 5-15 years, with one or more supernumerary teeth were included in the study. Saliva samples were collected from patients and DNA samples were isolated and analyzed using PCR.
Results: Eight phenotypes of supernumerary tooth formation were observed in the study. From the DNA analysis, 2 novel and 3 previously identified sequence alterations were identified however, in investigating the Usag-1 homolog SOSTDC1 gene, the present study could not find any phenotype-genotype relationship.
Conclusions: There are many SOSTDC1 homolog genes in the human genome and future studies should investigate these candidate genes. Also studies in larger case groups including family members may reveal the hereditary pattern
In vitro and in vivo bacterial antifouling properties of phosphite plasma-Treated silicone
No full textIn order to improve their bacterial antifouling property, silicone surfaces were functionalized through the plasma polymerization (PP) technique using diethyl phosphite as the precursor. The functionalized surfaces were characterized using contact angle measurements, contact angle titration, Fourier transform infrared-Attenuated total reflection spectroscopy and in vitro cytotoxicity assay. The amount of non-specific protein adsorption and the conformational changes of surface-Adsorbed proteins were investigated. Antifouling properties of the surfaces were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. PP functionalization generated a hydrophilic and amphoteric surface with a very good protein and bacterial antifouling property and caused less conformational changes on the secondary structure of surface-Adsorbed proteins. In in vivo conditions, no slime layer was formed around bacteria that adhered on the PP-functionalized surface. It is concluded that the amphoteric nature of the PP-functionalized surface is the reason for the good antifouling property. © 2019 ICE Publishing: All rights reserved
Association of Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Antigen-4 Gene Polymorphisms with Psoriasis Vulgaris: A Case-Control Study in Turkish Population
No full textPsoriasis is a common, chronic, and autoimmune skin disease in which dysregulation of immune cells, particularly T cells, is thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) expressed only on activated T cells is an immunoregulatory molecule and plays a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders. We aimed to determine whether CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms are associated with development and/or clinical features of psoriasis vulgaris (Pv). Genotyping of SNPs (-318C>T, +49A>G, and CT60A>G) in CTLA-4 gene was performed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) in 103 Pv patients and 102 controls. No statistically significant associations were detected in any of the investigated genetic models for the -318C>T polymorphism. The genotype distributions of +49A>G and CT60A>G were associated with Pv development. In haplotype analysis, while frequency of CAA haplotype was significantly higher in the control group, frequencies of CGG and CAG haplotype were significantly higher among the patients. However, all of CTLA-4 polymorphisms and haplotypes do not have an effect on severity and onset age of Pv. In conclusion, the +49A>G and CT60A>G polymorphisms may be risk factors for Pv development. Furthermore, CGG and CAG haplotypes may contribute to Pv development, while CAA haplotype may be protective against Pv