1997 research outputs found
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Investigating the Impact of Amur Honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii) on the Growth and Mortality of Dragonfly Larvae (Anisoptera)
No full textExploring the Education of Cancer Metastasis: Development and Evaluation of Informative Text
No full textExamining Sudden Cardiac Death in High School Competitive Athletes: An Overview of Contributing Etiologies, Prevalence, Screening, and Participation Guidelines
No full textSudden cardiac death (SCD), is a relatively rare but dangerous occurrence for athletes across the globe. Increasing attention has been drawn to the condition, especially for the likes of highly competitive athletes. Current research provides insight into common etiologies and screening recommendations, without addressing the specific population of high school aged competitive athletes. The likely etiologies and screening recommendations for high school athletes have been reviewed to provide information to physicians and medical students about the practicality of testing for conditions that may contribute to SCD. The prevalence of SCD is examined, along with which sports contribute to higher likelihood of developing sudden cardiac death. An in-depth literature investigation was performed to review structural abnormalities, along with inherited arrhythmias to determine which of these have a strong potential to develop into sudden cardiac death. Each etiology is presented with characteristic symptoms, activity recommendation, and possible results from testing, to allow sufficient understanding to practitioners commonly performing pre-participation physicals for high school athletes. Proper screening and participation guidelines were also reviewed to aid in recognition of etiologies and further decision making regarding whether an athlete can compete in their respective sports or not. This information can be utilized in the decision-making process for screening young competitive athletes, and proper guidelines for participation can be given to limit the number of cases of sudden cardiac death in this population
Enhanced Surveillance of Staphylococcus spp. to Identify Targets for Infection Prevention
No full textEffects of Cationic, Anionic, and Non-Ionic Surfactants on Oil-in-Water Microemulsions - Studies Using Turbidimetry and PFG-NMR
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Survey of Bacterial Populations and Associated Antimicrobial Resistance in the Nina Mason Pulliam Ecolab (NMPE)
No full textThe spread of antibiotic resistance among bacteria is a potential threat to the effectiveness of antibiotics currently used for controlling common human pathogens. Also, the resistance to current antibiotics is spreading at a relatively high rate and is becoming prevalent in many environments. Therefore, survey of multidrug resistant bacteria (MDR) and distribution of types of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in natural environments is urgently needed. Here, we investigated the presence of MDR bacteria in a lake situated in Nina Mason Pulliam Ecolab (NMPE), a 55 acre natural prairie wetland ecosystem. The lake overflows into the nearby White River which winds through the City of Indianapolis making EcoLab an important urban wetland conservation area. In this study, the presence of natural antibiotic resistance bacteria (ARB) in lake water was screened using 20 currently used antibiotics, for example, penicillin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, trimethoprim, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, gentamicin etc. Three replicate water samples from 6 sites were collected to enumerate resistant bacteria in the lake bacterial community. Preliminary results confirm the presence of multidrug resistance bacteria in the lake water. Currently, we plan to investigate the “resistome” (antibiotic resistance gene pool) of Ecolab aquatic environments using specific primers and probes. An additional aim is to explore possible mechanisms of resistance emergence to these antibiotics using techniques such as replica plating, the Luria-Delbrück Fluctuation Test, the Newcombe Test, and the 16S rRNA sequencing. This study provides a baseline understanding of the urban freshwater ecosystem and quantitatively examines the level of resistance emergence which may be crucial in the spread of MDR in the Greater Indianapolis Area
Bovine Arch Anatomy Influences Recoarctation Rates in the Era of the Extended End-to-End Anastomos
Get PDFObjectives: Arch branching has never been shown to influence recoarctation after extended end-to-end anastomosis via thoracotomy, yet in each study bovine arch identification is grossly underreported. This study aims to: 1) assess chart review reliability in bovine arch identification, 2) determine recoarctation risk with a bovine arch, and 3) explore an anatomic explanation for recurrent arch obstruction based on arch anatomy. Patients and Methods: 49 consecutive patients underwent thoracotomy with extended end-to-end aortic coarctation repair at a single institution (2007-2012). Echocardiograms from these patients were reviewed for arch anatomy and compared to the echocardiographic reports. Recurrent arch obstruction was defined as an echocardiographic gradient across the repair ≥20 mmHg. For cases with angiographic images, a scaled clamping distance between the left subclavian artery and the maximal proximal clamp location on orthogonal projections was then calculated across arch anatomies. Results: Chart review identified 6.1% of patients with a bovine arch, compared to 28.6% on targeted image review. 28.6% of bovine arch patients had a follow-up gradient ≥20mmHg. Only 5.7% of normal arch branching patients had a follow-up gradient ≥20mmHg. The mean clamping index was significantly diminished in patients with bovine arch anatomy. Conclusions: Arch anatomy often goes undocumented on preoperative imaging, yet children undergoing extended end-to-end repair with bovine arch anatomy are at a significantly increased risk of recoarctation. This may be due to a reduced clampable distance to facilitate repair. These results should trigger a profound paradigm shift in preoperative assessment, parental counseling and surgical approach for children with discrete aortic coarctation. Objectives: Arch branching has never been shown to influence recoarctation after extended end-to-end anastomosis via thoracotomy, yet in each study bovine arch identification is grossly underreported. This study aims to: 1) assess chart review reliability in bovine arch identification, 2) determine recoarctation risk with a bovine arch, and 3) explore an anatomic explanation for recurrent arch obstruction based on arch anatomy. Patients and Methods: 49 consecutive patients underwent thoracotomy with extended end-to-end aortic coarctation repair at a single institution (2007-2012). Echocardiograms from these patients were reviewed for arch anatomy and compared to the echocardiographic reports. Recurrent arch obstruction was defined as an echocardiographic gradient across the repair ≥20 mmHg. For cases with angiographic images, a scaled clamping distance between the left subclavian artery and the maximal proximal clamp location on orthogonal projections was then calculated across arch anatomies. Results: Chart review identified 6.1% of patients with a bovine arch, compared to 28.6% on targeted image review. 28.6% of bovine arch patients had a follow-up gradient ≥20mmHg. Only 5.7% of normal arch branching patients had a follow-up gradient ≥20mmHg. The mean clamping index was significantly diminished in patients with bovine arch anatomy. Conclusions: Arch anatomy often goes undocumented on preoperative imaging, yet children undergoing extended end-to-end repair with bovine arch anatomy are at a significantly increased risk of recoarctation. This may be due to a reduced clampable distance to facilitate repair. These results should trigger a profound paradigm shift in preoperative assessment, parental counseling and surgical approach for children with discrete aortic coarctation. Objectives: Arch branching has never been shown to influence recoarctation after extended end-to-end anastomosis via thoracotomy, yet in each study bovine arch identification is grossly underreported. This study aims to: 1) assess chart review reliability in bovine arch identification, 2) determine recoarctation risk with a bovine arch, and 3) explore an anatomic explanation for recurrent arch obstruction based on arch anatomy. Patients and Methods: 49 consecutive patients underwent thoracotomy with extended end-to-end aortic coarctation repair at a single institution (2007-2012). Echocardiograms from these patients were reviewed for arch anatomy and compared to the echocardiographic reports. Recurrent arch obstruction was defined as an echocardiographic gradient across the repair ≥20 mmHg. For cases with angiographic images, a scaled clamping distance between the left subclavian artery and the maximal proximal clamp location on orthogonal projections was then calculated across arch anatomies. Results: Chart review identified 6.1% of patients with a bovine arch, compared to 28.6% on targeted image review. 28.6% of bovine arch patients had a follow-up gradient ≥20mmHg. Only 5.7% of normal arch branching patients had a follow-up gradient ≥20mmHg. The mean clamping index was significantly diminished in patients with bovine arch anatomy. Conclusions: Arch anatomy often goes undocumented on preoperative imaging, yet children undergoing extended end-to-end repair with bovine arch anatomy are at a significantly increased risk of recoarctation. This may be due to a reduced clampable distance to facilitate repair. These results should trigger a profound paradigm shift in preoperative assessment, parental counseling and surgical approach for children with discrete aortic coarctation
Developing an In Vitro Model of CKD-MBD Induced αKlotho Suppression
Get PDFChronic Kidney Disease (CKD) affects approximately 1 in 10 Americans. Diabetic nephropathy is also associated with the development of chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD). CKD-MBD disrupts the normal bone-kidney endocrine axis responsible for regulating mineral metabolism, and hyperphosphatemia develops in late stage disease. Important clinical hallmarks of the CKD-MBD progression include elevated bioactive Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) and suppression of FGF23’s co-receptor, αKlotho (αKL). In healthy individuals the hormone FGF23, primarily produced by bone, and aKL aid in maintaining normal phosphate and vitamin D homeostasis. It is currently unknown what drives the suppression of αKL expression, however increasing αKL expression in CKD-MBD models is being investigated as a novel therapeutic. Our study sought to develop a novel in vitro model of one of the clinical hallmarks of the progression of CKD-MBD, αKL suppression, to investigate both possible stimuli of its repression and downstream signaling events. The Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK) cell line was used to determine if changes in fluid shear stress, similar to those that occur in diabetic nephropathy, could lead to reduced αKL expression. HEK cells were plated and exposed to oscillatory fluid shear stress (OFSS) for intervals between 0-60 min to examine protein expression or 0-2 hours to assess gene expression. HEK cells were sensitive to mechanical stimulation as pathways including increased ERK phosphorylation occurred in response to OFSS. In response to longer bouts of OFSS αKL expression was significantly (p\u3c0.05) reduced. Dramatic changes in fluid shear stress may serve as a stimulus for reduced αKL expression in CKD-MBD. Further studies are underway to investigate downstream signaling events related to αKL suppression. Understanding both the stimuli of αKL suppression and related downstream signaling events could provide novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of CKD-MBD