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Mehrsprachige Bilderbücher im mehrsprachigen Südtirol? Spannungsfelder und Desiderate aus Sicht von Grundschullehrer:innen
Full text linkMehrsprachige Bilderbücher im Kontext lebensweltlicher Mehrsprachigkeit bieten mehrsprachige Erzähl-, Gesprächs- und Schreibanlässe und können in der Grundschule als Medium sprachlich-literarischen Lernens genutzt werden. Welche Bedeutung ihnen in einem mehrsprachigen Grenzgebiet wie Südtirol mit seinen sprachlich getrennten Schulsystemen zukommt, wird anhand von Perspektiven auf alltägliche Unterrichtspraxen, ihrer bildungspolitischen Rahmenbedingungen und des bilingualen, deutsch-italienischen Bilderbuchangebots untersucht. Im Zentrum der qualitativ-empirischen Analysen stehen key incidents aus Interviews mit Lehrerinnen (Deutsch und Italienisch) einer deutschsprachigen Grundschule, in denen sich Potenziale und Herausforderungen, offene Fragen und Widersprüche zeigen. Die hierin offenbar werdenden Spannungsfelder bewegen sich zwischen den Sprachen und Disziplinen
Looking beyond the content plane – Modal assessment in Norwegian learners’ texts in German as a foreign language
Full text linkThis article seeks to obtain a better understanding of interpersonal meaning-making in short written responses by Norwegian learners of German as a foreign language by analysing the modal assessment strategies used in four different task settings. Based on the framework of Systemic Functional Linguistics, the study focuses on how modal verbs, modal adjuncts and corresponding paraphrases are employed, and on the meanings which are realised accordingly. The study identifies several strategies and shows how they contribute to expressing different attitudes and to enacting different social relations. Overall, the study raises awareness of the central role of modal assessment in writing
Ukrainischunterricht in Deutschland: Eine Bestandsaufnahme
Full text linkZiel des vorliegenden Beitrags ist es, erstmals den Status Quo des herkunftssprachlichen Unterrichts Ukrainisch in Deutschland zu beleuchten. Im Rahmen einer Online-Umfrage, die sich an die für den herkunftssprachlichen Unterricht in den Ländern zuständigen Institutionen richtete (Kultusministerien der Länder, ukrainische Samstags- und Sonntagsschulen), wurden sowohl quantitative als auch qualitative Daten zu der Organisation des Unterrichts, angebotenen Fächern, curricularer Basis, Benotung bzw. Anerkennung im deutschen Bildungssystem erhoben. Die gewonnenen Ergebnisse werden präsentiert und im Hinblick auf deren Relevanz für die bildungspolitische, bildungswissenschaftliche und sprachdidaktische Diskussion beleuchtet
Befragung der Verteilnetzbetreiber in Deutschland 2024 zur Wasserstoffinfrastruktur
Full text linkDiese Studie untersucht die Perspektiven und Herausforderungen deutscher Verteilnetzbetreiber (VNB) beim Aufbau der Wasserstoffinfrastruktur. Sie basieret auf einer Befragung, die im Sommer 2024 im Rahmen des Kopernikus-Projekts Ariadne von der Technischen Universität Darmstadt durchgeführt wurde. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Wasserstoff für viele VNB bisher eine untergeordnete Rolle spielt. Zwar erwarten die meisten VNB eine zunehmende Relevanz von Wasserstoff in den kommenden Jahren, strategische Unsicherheiten und fehlende klare rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen führen aber zu einer zögerlichen Herangehensweise beim Neubau oder der Umrüstung von Leitungsnetzen.
Ein zentrales Ergebnis der Befragung ist die unzureichende Kommunikation im Vorfeld der Marktabfrage für die Netzentwicklungspläne Gas und Wasserstoff 2024. Viele kleinere VNB erhielten Informationen nur über informelle Kanäle oder blieben gänzlich uninformiert, was auf Optimierungsbedarf im Informationsaustausch verweist.
Zur Erhebung des Wasserstoffbedarfs nutzen die VNB systematische interne Analysen und Kundenbefragungen, um fundierte Daten zu generieren. Dies ist auf gestiegene Anforderungen an die Verbindlichkeit der Bedarfsmeldungen sowie auf das Gebot der Wirtschaftlichkeit zurückzuführen, die präzise und risikobewusste Planungen erfordern.
Die Studie unterstreicht die Komplexität und Unsicherheiten beim Aufbau der Wasserstoffinfrastruktur und die Notwendigkeit einer verbesserten Zusammenarbeit zwischen allen Akteuren
From Concept to Action - Measuring General and Applied Mental Models in the Context of Automated Driving
Full text linkThis paper presents a research concept for comparing general and applied mental models in automated driving, with a focus on the transition between automation levels. The research concept measures general and applied mental models, gaze movement, and driving performance within a driving simulator. It aims to correlate different mental models with driving performance, to identify how mental models should be characterized for safe interaction, and to provide insights for developing effective training concepts to improve user interaction with automated systems
Correlation Priors for Reinforcement Learning
Full text linkMany decision-making problems naturally exhibit pronounced structures inherited from the characteristics of the underlying environment. In a Markov decision process model, for example, two distinct states can have inherently related semantics or encode resembling physical state configurations. This often implies locally correlated transition dynamics among the states. In order to complete a certain task in such environments, the operating agent usually needs to execute a series of temporally and spatially correlated actions. Though there exists a variety of approaches to capture these correlations in continuous state-action domains, a principled solution for discrete environments is missing. In this work, we present a Bayesian learning framework based on Pólya-Gamma augmentation that enables an analogous reasoning in such cases. We demonstrate the framework on a number of common decision-making related problems, such as imitation learning, subgoal extraction, system identification and Bayesian reinforcement learning. By explicitly modeling the underlying correlation structures of these problems, the proposed approach yields superior predictive performance compared to correlation-agnostic models, even when trained on data sets that are an order of magnitude smaller in size
Facile Mechanochemical Synthesis of Compositionally Complex Spinel‐type Oxides, (Co, Fe, Mn)₃O₄, (Co, Fe, Mn, Ni)₃O₄, and (Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni)₃O₄
Full text linkIn the current work, a simple mechanochemical route has been employed to preparatively access three spinel‐type compositionally complex ceramics, i. e., (Co, Fe, Mn)₃O₄, (Co, Fe, Mn, Ni)₃O₄, and (Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni)₃O₄. Hydrated nitrate salts of the respective transition metal elements were mechanically ground with ammonium hydrogen carbonate. The resulting paste‐like mixture of metal hydroxides, oxyhydroxides, and carbonates was rinsed with water to remove the byproduct (NH₄NO₃) and converted into the respective single‐phase spinel‐type oxides via calcination. In situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD) revealed the formation of the spinel‐type structure (Fd 3‾m) already at temperatures as low as 150 °C. Typically, the calcination of the precursors at temperatures beyond 500 °C led to the formation of well‐crystallized, single‐phase spinel‐type oxides with nearly equimolar composition and highly homogeneous distribution of the transition metals within the structure. The mechanochemical synthesis route in the present study is considered to be an easy, straightforward, and scalable access to compositionally complex oxides
Promoting new habits at work through implementation intentions
Full text linkHabits facilitate automatic behaviours and are resource efficient. Habits at work may be beneficial because they conserve cognitive‐attentional resources, thus fostering work engagement and goal progress. In a diary intervention study (2 daily assessments, 10 work days), we asked 72 employees to establish a new habit at work. Half of them additionally completed an intervention on the correct use of implementation intentions. All participants were given access to a follow‐up survey. In multi‐level analyses, automaticity of the new habitual behaviour predicted work engagement and goal progress at the day‐level. Implementation intentions predicted frequency of the habitual behaviour and in turn increased automaticity of this behaviour. The effects of implementation intentions were still evident at follow‐up. Contrary to expectations, the intervention did not increase participants' daily use of implementation intentions. The results indicate that implementation intentions might be used in everyday work to establish habits at work, thus increasing employees' efficiency and engagement
Multiple phenotypic traits as triggers of host attacks towards ant symbionts: body size, morphological gestalt, and chemical mimicry accuracy
Full text linkBackground: Ant colonies are plagued by a diversity of arthropod guests, which adopt various strategies to avoid or to withstand host attacks. Chemical mimicry of host recognition cues is, for example, a common integration strategy of ant guests. The morphological gestalt and body size of ant guests have long been argued to also affect host hostility, but quantitative studies testing these predictions are largely missing. We here evaluated three guest traits as triggers of host aggression—body size, morphological gestalt, and accuracy in chemical mimicry—in a community of six Eciton army ant species and 29 guest species. We quantified ant aggression towards 314 guests in behavioral assays and, for the same individuals, determined their body size and their accuracy in mimicking ant cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profiles. We classified guests into the following gestalts: protective, myrmecoid, staphylinid-like, phorid-like, and larval-shaped. We expected that (1) guests with lower CHC mimicry accuracy are more frequently attacked; (2) larger guests are more frequently attacked; (3) guests of different morphological gestalt receive differing host aggression levels.
Results: Army ant species had distinct CHC profiles and accuracy of mimicking these profiles was variable among guests, with many species showing high mimicry accuracy. Unexpectedly, we did not find a clear relationship between chemical host similarity and host aggression, suggesting that other symbiont traits need to be considered. We detected a relationship between the guests’ body size and the received host aggression, in that diminutive forms were rarely attacked. Our data also indicated that morphological gestalt might be a valuable predictor of host aggression. While most ant-guest encounters remained peaceful, host behavior still differed towards guests in that ant aggression was primarily directed towards those guests possessing a protective or a staphylinid-like gestalt.
Conclusion: We demonstrate that CHC mimicry accuracy does not necessarily predict host aggression towards ant symbionts. Exploitation mechanisms are diverse, and we conclude that, besides chemical mimicry, other factors such as the guests’ morphological gestalt and especially their body size might be important, yet underrated traits shaping the level of host hostility against social insect symbionts