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Synthetic Skeleton Data Generation using Large Language Model for Nurse Activity Recognition
No full textIn this paper, we improve nurse activity recognition by employing a Large Language Model (LLM) to generate synthetic pose estimation data. Keypoint data extracted from recorded videos of a single nurse performing Endotracheal suctioning (ES) activities using You Only Look Once v7 (YOLOv7) is used as a database. We explore the issue of data imbalances that hinder the effectiveness of activity recognition algorithms. To counter this, we utilize LLMs to artificially augment the dataset by generating varied synthetic samples through prompting strategies with different content and context. A Random Forest (RF) classifier is trained on annotations of medical activities and corresponding keypoints. Additionally, we generate synthetic datasets in equal volumes using Random Sampling and Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) to benchmark against our LLM-based approach. To evaluate, we compared the performance between baseline data and different augmentation approaches. The similarity between original and synthetic data is measured using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test. The proposed approach using LLM with prompts containing the explanation of the task with the description of the datasets to generate synthetic data has improved the overall ES classification performance. Our study illustrates the critical role of context and content in prompts for optimizing LLMs for synthetic data generation.journal articl
Parallel and Consistent Live Checkpointing and Restoration of Split-memory VMs
No full textRecently, clouds provide virtual machines (VMs) with a large amount of memory for big data analysis. For easier migration of such VMs, split migration divides the memory of a VM into several fragments and transfers them to multiple hosts. Since the migrated VM called a split-memory VM needs to exchange memory data between the hosts using remote paging, it is inherently subject to host and network failures. As a countermeasure, the checkpoint/restore mechanism has been used to periodically save the state of a VM, but the traditional mechanism is not suitable for split-memory VMs. It has to move a large amount of memory data between hosts during checkpointing and can just restore a normal VM on one host. This paper proposes D-CRES for enabling efficient checkpointing and restoration of split-memory VMs. D-CRES achieves fast checkpointing by saving the memory of a split-memory VM at all hosts in parallel without remote paging. It supports consistent live checkpointing to save the memory of a running VM by considering remote paging caused by the VM itself during checkpointing. In addition, it can incrementally take a checkpoint by considering remote paging since the last checkpointing. Upon failure, D-CRES restores a split-memory VM at multiple hosts in parallel. We have implemented D-CRES in KVM and showed that live checkpointing in D-CRES was up to 39x faster than the traditional mechanism.journal articl
Extraction of Lung Tumor Regions from Thoracic CT Images Based on Ensemble Multiscale Attention UNet
Get PDF現在，日本での肺がんによる死亡者数は男女計で1位を記録しており，肺がんの早期発見・早期治療が重要課題となっている．肺がんの検査は治療方針を選択するための手段であり，特に，遺伝子検査はがん細胞の増殖・浸潤・転移に関わるドライバー遺伝子変異の有無を確認することができる．ドライバー遺伝子変異の有無を確認する過程では，医師と協力して手作業で肺がん領域を抽出する必要があり，読影医師への負担が懸念される．そこで本論文では，医師の負担軽減のため，アテンション構造，複数スケールの特徴抽出と広範囲受容野の獲得に加え，異なる層数を持つ2つのモデルのアンサンブル学習による，肺腫瘍領域の検出を行うため，EMA-UNetを用いた画像解析手法を提案する．実験の結果，EMA-UNetはU-Netと比較して良好な抽出精度が得られた．conference pape
Packet Scheduling Algorithm for Improving Fairness under Different Congestion Control Contention using P4
Get PDFWhen different TCP congestion control algorithms share a bottleneck link for the same route, their performance becomes unfair due to the buffer size of the shared bottleneck link. We have proposed a method to improve fairness by distributing flows entering the P4 switch into different buffers based on their congestion control algorithms. The previous method adopted simple Fair Queueing to retrieve packets from different buffers, but this did not sufficiently improve fairness. This is because packets from the other buffer are sent continuously when the buffer scheduled to release packets is empty.
To address this issue, we propose Fair Queuing with Holding Time, which the system waits for a specified time when the buffer scheduled to release packets is empty, to further improve fairness. In this study, we investigate the appropriate holding times for fairness improvement using FQ-HT through practical experiments.journal articl
Effect of N2 back shielding on back bead welding
Get PDFオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼の裏波溶接を行う場合には，裏波ビードの酸化を防止するために不活性ガスでバックシールドを行う必要がある．バックシールドガスには，Arと同等の溶接継手の性能が得られ1），コストの低減ができる N2 を使用する場合があるが，Arを使用する場合が多い．そこで，改めてバックシールドガスにN2を使用した場合の影響を検討し，溶接継手およびガス置換の性能を評価した．その結果，溶接継手の性能はバックシールドガスがArとN2の場合で同等になるが，ガス置換の性能はArよりもN2の場合の方が優位になることが明らかになった．When back bead welding on austenitic stainless steel, it is necessary to back shielding with an inert gas to prevent oxidation of the back bead. N2 is sometimes used as a back shielding gas, as it can provide the same performance of welded joints as Ar and reduce costs, but Ar is often used1). Therefore, we reexamined the effects of using N2 as the back shielding gas and evaluated the performance of welded joints and gas replacement. As a result, it was found that Ar and N2 back shielding gases were equivalent in terms of the performance of welded joints, but N2 was superior to Ar in terms of gas replacement performance.journal articl
Learning upon Drain-Voltage Dependence of Synaptic Currents in In-Memory Computing: A Circuit Simulation Study Using Open PDK
Get PDFCircuit design of In-Memory Computing (IMC) is challenging due to nonlinear characteristics of analog devices. One promising solution is to construct a trainable model that includes these nonlinear characteristics. In this work, we investigate the effectiveness of this approach based on circuit simulation. In particular, we focus on the drain-voltage dependence of synaptic currents, which can be modeled with a spiking neuron with reversal potentials. We designed an IMC circuit using an open processing design kit (PDK) for the Skywater SKY130 process. We demonstrate that the direct training approach can precisely capture the analog circuit’s nonlinear characteristics.conference pape
Magnetostriction related to skyrmion-lattice formation in chiral magnet FeGe
Get PDFThe B20 type chiral magnet FeGe exhibits the formation of skyrmion-lattice (SkL) phases in the vicinity of the magnetic ordering temperature. The SkL is a magnetic superlattice composed of vortex-type topological spin objects, and it has experimentally been known that its formation requires the existence of an intermediate (IM) phase between SkL and the paramagnetic (PM) phases. We take interest in how the crystal lattice experiences the formation of these topological spin texture. In this study, we observed the so-called spin–orbit coupling induced magnetostriction related to these topological spin texture formation, in addition to the ac magnetization anomalies. The temperature and magnetic field dependences of the lattice parameter reflected the transformation of phases, such as helimagnetic (HM), SkL, IM, conical (CM), and PM phases. In the PM region, a phase characterized as gaseous skyrmions was detected similarly to the case of the same B20 type MnSi. Furthermore, the HM, CM, and IM phases were also divided into two regions. Thus, the precise phase diagram near Tc was reconstructed from the prospect of the magnetostriction such that we demonstrated that the stabilization of skyrmions needs a finite magnetic field.journal articl
A transphyletic study of metazoan β-catenin protein complexes
Get PDFBeta-catenin is essential for diverse biological processes, such as body axis determination and cell differentiation, during metazoan embryonic development. Beta-catenin is thought to exert such functions through complexes formed with various proteins. Although β-catenin complex proteins have been identified in several bilaterians, little is known about the structural and functional properties of β-catenin complexes in early metazoan evolution. In the present study, we performed a comparative analysis of β-catenin sequences in nonbilaterian lineages that diverged early in metazoan evolution. We also carried out transphyletic function experiments with β-catenin from nonbilaterian metazoans using developing Xenopus embryos, including secondary axis induction in embryos and proteomic analysis of β-catenin protein complexes. Comparative functional analysis of nonbilaterian β-catenins demonstrated sequence characteristics important for β-catenin functions, and the deep origin and evolutionary conservation of the cadherin–catenin complex. Proteins that co-immunoprecipitated with β-catenin included several proteins conserved among metazoans. These data provide new insights into the conserved repertoire of β-catenin complexes.journal articl
Golden Ratio Flap Designed Using the Golden Ratio Rectangle
Get PDFBackground:
Rotation flaps are arcuate repairs that redistribute tension vectors and recruit adjacent and/or distant tissue laxity. The incision curve could be a logarithmic spiral curve to reduce the length of an incision. We propose a rotation flap—the golden ratio flap—designed using a golden rectangle.
Methods:
The flap incision is an arc though the major square which is beside the minor square of a golden rectangle. The defect is attached to the line of another minor square and diagonal to the major square. The bottom line runs from the incision end to the tangent point of the circle or the oval, and the perpendicular height line runs from the bottom line to the cross point of the flap incision. These parameters were analyzed retrospectively for four superficial sarcomas that were treated using a rotation flap with an incision approximating the logarithmic spiral curve.
Results:
The ratio of height to bottom of the golden ratio flap design was highly similar to the preoperative flap design in the four cases assessed. With the new design, the ratio of bottom to the defect diameter (minor axis in the oval defect) was 1.3, and for the height, it was 1.4.
Conclusions:
The golden ratio flap, designed using the golden rectangle, is reproducible. The parameters of height and bottom approximate the flap shape, or the length and width, respectively. For clinical applications, step-by-step guidance for drawing the new flap are also proposed.journal articl