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Sleep maintains excitatory synapse diversity in the cortex and hippocampus
No full textHow sleep deprivation affects cognition remains elusive. In our study, we conducted synaptome mapping of excitatory synapses in 125 regions of the mouse brain and found that sleep deprivation selectively reduces synapse diversity in the cortex and in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Sleep deprivation targeted specific types and subtypes of excitatory synapses while maintaining total synapse density (synapse number/area). Synapse subtypes with longer protein lifetimes exhibited resilience to sleep deprivation, similar to observations in aging and genetic perturbations. Moreover, the altered synaptome architecture affected the responses to neural oscillations, suggesting that sleep plays a vital role in preserving cognitive function by maintaining the brain's synaptome architecture. https://doi.org/10.7488/ds/777
Assessing the breadth and multidisciplinarity of the conservation curriculum in the UK and Australia
No full textData associated with the publication: Slater, H. et al. (2024) Assessing the breadth and multidisciplinarity of the conservation curriculum in the UK and Australia.
There have been repeated calls to train conservationists capable of transcending disciplinary boundaries. Yet, little empirical work has been done to document conservation teaching. We investigate the content taught in conservation higher education across the UK and Australia. Using data from an online survey and content analysis of module descriptions, we assess the prevalence of subject-areas in 146 conservation modules and topics in 368 conservation modules and 62 conservation degrees. Biological sciences subject-areas were represented in 92% of modules, whereas social sciences subject-areas only featured in 60% and humanities in 24%. 84% of modules teaching biological sciences subject-areas included biological sciences faculty but only 31% of modules covering social sciences subject-areas included faculty from the social sciences. Who teaches matters. The disciplinary expertise in conservation education needs to diversify to train conservationists capable of addressing conservation challenges. This requires institutional changes and support from prominent societies to promote interdisciplinary education
Preliminary study of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy to assess bone marrow adiposity in the third metacarpus or metatarsus in Thoroughbred racehorses.
No full textBackground: Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has been used to investigate metabolic changes within human bone. It may be possible to use MRS to investigate bone metabolism and fracture risk in the distal third metacarpal/tarsal bone (MC/MTIII) in racehorses. Objectives: To determine the feasibility of using MRS as a quantitative imaging technique in equine bone by using the 1H spectra for the MC/MTIII to calculate fat content (FC). Study Design: Observational cross-sectional study Methods: Limbs from Thoroughbred racehorses were collected from horses that died or were subjected to euthanasia on racecourses. Each limb underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 3T followed by single-voxel MRS at 3 regions of interest (ROI) within MC/MTIII (lateral condyle, medial condyle, proximal bone marrow (PBM)). Percentage FC was calculated at each ROI. Each limb underwent computed tomography (CT) and bone mineral density (BMD) was calculated for the same ROIs. All MR and CT images were graded for sclerosis. Histology slides were graded for sclerosis and proximal marrow space was calculated. Pearson or Spearman correlations were used to assess the relationship between BMD, FC and marrow space. Kruskall-Wallis tests were used to check for differences between sclerosis groups for BMD or FC. Results: Eighteen limbs from 10 horses were included. A negative correlation was identified for mean BMD and FC for the lateral condyle (correlation coefficient =-0.60, p=0.01) and PBM (correlation coefficient =-0.5, p=0.04). There was a significant difference between median BMD for different sclerosis grades in the condyles on both MRI and CT. A significant difference in FC was identified between sclerosis groups in the lateral condyle on MRI and CT . Main Limitations: Small sample size. Conclusions: 1H Proton MRS is feasible in the equine MC/MTIII. Further work is required to evaluate the use of this technique to predict fracture risk in racehorses
Leveraging molecular-QTL co-association to predict novel disease-associated genetic loci using a graph convolutional neural network
No full textThis project aimed to identify novel disease-associated loci by leveraging the co-association between genetic loci and molecular traits (DNA CpG-site methylation status and RNA expression). Using a graph convolutional neural network, we encoded this co-association in the form of embeddings -- which we provide here. These embeddings can be used to recommend novel disease-associated loci, based on those already known to be associated with a particular disease. Please refer to README.txt for further information.Refer to README.tx
Nuclear RNA forms an interconnected network of transcription-dependent and tunable microgels
No full textThe human cell nucleus is comprised of proteins, chromatin and RNA, yet how they interact to form supramolecular structures and drive key biological processes remains unknown. Conflicting models have proposed either a fluid-like or solid-like nature for the intranuclear microenvironment. To reconcile this discrepancy, we investigated the 3D structure and properties of the nuclear interior using experiments and computer simulations. We reveal a novel mechanism where newly synthesized RNA interacts with SAF-A (scaffold attachment factor A, or HNRNPU), forming interconnected microgels degraded by the exonuclease XRN2, leading to dynamic cycles of gelation and fluidization. This emergent microgel network depends on transcription, and is disrupted by SAF-A depletion. It also decreases protein mobility and regulates chromatin compaction by modulating micro-phase separation, thereby opening transcriptionally active regions. This tunable intranuclear network exhibits scale-dependent fluid- and solid-like features, that we suggest may regulate transcription by controlling access to regulatory proteins and polymerases
Autun List of Local Churches, c. 1000
No full textThis dataset is based on a list of 144 churches in the diocese of Autun, France, which was made around the year 1000. It uses the edition in Cartulaire de l'évêché d'Autun, connu sous le nom de Cartulaire rouge, ed. A. de Charmasse (Autun, 1880), pp. 365-367, integrating corrections to de Charmasse's identifications by Olivier Bruand, Les origines de la société féodale : l'exemple de l'Autunois (Dijon, 2009). The dataset provides the names in the list, the modern place-names, the departement these places are located in, their order in the original list, whether each church is attested in earlier documentation or not, and if so, approximately when
'Harnessing the little white cells': tracing practices of immunity in cancer
No full textThe project researched how novel immunotherapy treatments in cancer are shifting how cancer is approached, managed and experienced. Immunotherapy treatments are used in clinical practice and are also currently being tested as part of experimental clinical trials to treat patients with some forms of cancer. These treatments utilise the patient's own body to treat cancer and the scientific and clinical hope attached to these novel therapies is that they have the potential to extend survival time for patients. There are, however, clinical concerns regarding long-term treatment side-effects and toxicities, predicting response and prognosis, and management of patients' hopes and expectations.
The collection consists of qualitative semi-structured interviews with patients, healthcare practitioners and scientists in a cancer centre in the UK to answer three research questions:
(1) How are developments in immunology shifting conceptualisations of what cancer is and how it is treated?
(2) How are patients' experiences and subjectivities configured by immunological developments in cancer treatment?
(3) How is immunity in cancer constituted through the material practices of scientists, clinicians and patients within the context of personalised cancer medicine?
It is an interdisciplinary project with science and technology studies, medical sociology and anthropology. This is a Research Fellowship in Humanities and Social Science awarded to Julia Swallow (PI Edinburgh then Sheffield)
Feasibility, Reproducibility and optimisation of GABA quantification in healthy volunteers using 3T MRI
No full textWe aimed to asses the feasibility and inter-visit repeatability of GABA+ quantification with MEGA-PRESS. Therefore, we recruited healthy volunteers. Each had an MRS scan twice, one week apart. Exclusion criteria consisted of contraindication to MRI and history of neurological pathologies/diagnosis
SUPERSEDED - Corpus metadata
No full text## This item has been replaced by the one which can be found at https://doi.org/10.7488/ds/7707 ## This spreadsheet contains details of every media outlet we included. It also includes where their content was sourced from; which country and continent they were based in; and their 'reach' (e.g. national or international). In addition, it includes the kind of media sampled (e.g. print, broadcast, online); the media type (e.g. newspaper, website); whether they were a broadcast organisation; and their mode of ownership/funding. These codes were checked by two coders on all occasions. Details of the codes used can be found in the file marked 'codebook'.This item should be cross-referenced to the codebook (codebook.docx), so that readers understand the codes used
SUPERSEDED: National Security and Defence Documents Dataset (1987-2024)
No full text## This item has been replaced by the one which can be found at https://doi.org/10.7488/ds/7904 ##This dataset consists of 575 national security and defence documents from 113 countries, covering the period from 1987 to 2024. It includes national security strategies, defence white papers, and other top-level security documents, all available as machine-readable PDFs. Non-English texts are accompanied by translations. The corpus is complemented by metadata providing context for each document and country, including variables such as UN region, regime type, and economic data. This collection enables comparative analysis, trend identification, and research across security studies, international relations, and related fields. The corpus serves as a resource for researchers, policymakers, civil society, and educational purposes, offering a compilation of global security priorities spanning nearly four decades. Additionally, the team provides code for reproducing their computational text analysis, allowing other researchers to replicate and build upon their work.Please see the README.txt file