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The impact of music on children: emotional and biological perspectives : a data-driven analysis of current studies on music sophistication, mood and stress markers
No full textMusic has long been attributed with healing and beneficial effects on humans. In this context, the present master's thesis examines two empirical studies that investigate the effects of music on the well-being of children and adolescents from both a biological and psychological perspective. The central objective of this thesis is to demonstrate how this influence can be empirically recorded, analyzed, presented and interpreted in order to enhance comprehension of the mechanisms of musical effect and to inspire future research approaches in this domain.In the first study, qualitative data was collected as part of a music workshop project with elementary school children in order to record their subjective experiences and emotional reactions. Furthermore, the Children Goldsmith Musical Sophistication Index was utilized to evaluate the children's musical sophistication and affinity for music. The analysis of the data was conducted through a descriptive evaluation and graphical representation. The second study examined physiological reactions during choir singing. Participants of the study were by children and adolescents in a child and adolescent psychiatry as well as in a music school. For this study, saliva samples were collected for the purpose of analysis of the biological markers cortisol, alpha-amylase and immunoglobulin A. Additionally, the correlation between psychological and physiological effects was analyzed. The objective of this study was to achieve a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of musical interventions.The first study indicated that the individual workshops did not have a significant impact on the musical sophistication of the children. The musical influence of the parents on the other hand was found to be more pronounced. Moreover, the emotions experienced by the children in during and after the workshops were consistently found to be positive, and the children's overall well-being was reported to be high. In the second study, the effect of choir singing on immunoglobulin A concentration was consistently positive, while the results for stress markers were mixed. Nevertheless, a substantial decrease in cortisol concentration was evident within the school group. The present findings indicate that the effect of musical activities is significantly related to the respective setting and the chosen methodology of musical education.The results of the study suggest that musical activities have the potential to positively influence emotional well-being and physiological processes. It is suggested that future research should embrace interdisciplinary approaches and targeted measurement strategies in order to enhance our understanding of the complex mechanisms of action of music. Concurrently, the research findings indicate that music could be regarded as a simple tool for enhancing the well-being of children and adolescents in diverse settings.Gabriela Stockinger BScLiteraturverzeichnis: Seite I-VIMasterarbeit University of Salzburg 2025Abstract / Kurzfassung in englischer und deutscher Sprach
Birch pollen allergy: studying Toll-like receptor 4- dependent immunoregulation and allergen detection in air-sampled pollen
No full textsubmitted by Mario Wenger, MScEnthält LiteraturangabenDissertation Paris Lodron University of Salzburg 2025Arbeit gesperr
A comprehensive view on high-intensity interval training in endurance sports: categorization, acute and chronic effects
No full textHigh-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been practiced for nearly a century, with scientific interest surging over the past two decades. HIIT has been shown to enhance cardiorespiratory fitness, metabolic function, and skeletal muscle adaptation in a time-efficient manner compared to traditional low-intensity training (LIT), making it popular among both elite athletes and the general population. However, inconsistencies in definitions and methodologies, e.g., interval durations or criteria for intensity prescription, challenge the standardization of HIIT and the comparability of findings. Gaps also remain in understanding both objective and subjective responses to HIIT relative to other exercise modalities. Additionally, the effect of HIIT periodization strategies, such as HIIT shock microcycles (HIIT-SM), for optimizing endurance performance is not yet fully understood. This thesis provides a comprehensive framework for categorizing HIIT, comparing its acute effects to other endurance exercise modalities, and assessing its chronic effects in the form of a HIIT-SM on endurance performance. To achieve these objectives, one literature review and two independent studies were conducted, resulting in four research papers.The presented HIIT categorization model encompasses both aerobic and anaerobic interval types, resulting in six distinct HIIT classifications: traditional/long intervals, intermittent/short intervals, speed endurance maintenance training, speed endurance production training (SEPT), repeated sprint interval training, and sprint interval training. This model establishes clear guidelines for interval intensity, duration, and recovery periods, offering a practical framework for research and application. Further, by comparing six isocaloric exercise modalities, it was demonstrated that aerobic HIIT protocols and threshold training (THR) required similar time to achieve equal energy expenditure, whereas SEPT and LIT took significantly longer. LIT elicited the highest fat oxidation, while HIIT (30 × 30 s) resulted in the greatest excess post-exercise oxygen consumption. Among the modalities, THR was perceived as least enjoyable, while SEPT and HIIT (30 × 30 s) were rated the most enjoyable. Notably, time to isocaloric energy expenditure was not influenced by sex or fitness level. Finally, a 1-week HIIT-SM, with or without additional LIT, was tested for its impact on endurance performance. While HIIT-SM had minimal effects on aerobic capacity, it improved key endurance parameters such as lactate threshold and time trial performance in trained endurance athletes. However, no added benefit was observed from incorporating additional LIT. Moreover, optimal endurance performance was regained approximately 10 days post-intervention. Interestingly, the choice of intensity measure significantly influenced training intensity distribution assessment, with heart rate potentially underestimating the actual intensity. Velocity-based measures of time spent in the high-intensity zone, i.e., zone 3, proved more reliable for evaluating dose-response relationships, suggesting that athletes who accumulate more time in the “red zone” may experience greater performance gains. A combined use of external, e.g., velocity, and internal, e.g., heart rate, measures is recommended for accurately assessing HIIT-SM training effects.These findings contribute to the field of exercise science by (I) presenting a clear and applicable model for categorizing and implementing HIIT protocols, (II) identifying key physiological and perceptual acute effects of HIIT compared to other endurance modalities, and (III) optimizing the design and monitoring of HIIT-SM to enhance endurance performance. This work provides practical insights for athletes, coaches, and researchers seeking to apply evidence-based HIIT protocols effectively.eingereicht von Tilmann StreppEnthält LiteraturangabenDissertation Universität Salzburg 2025Arbeit nur im CAMPUSNETZWERK der Universität Salzburg abrufba
Remote Sensing / Spatiotemporal Analysis of Vineyard Dynamics: UAS-Based Monitoring at the Individual Vine Scale
No full textAbstractThe rapid and reliable acquisition of canopy-related metrics is essential for improvingdecision support in viticultural management, particularly when monitoring individualvines for targeted interventions. This study presents a spatially explicit workflow thatintegrates Uncrewed Aerial System (UAS) imagery, 3D point-cloud analysis, and Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA) to detect and monitor individual grapevines throughout thegrowing season. Vines are identified directly from 3D point clouds without the need forprior training data or predefined row structures, achieving a mean Euclidean distance of10.7 cm to the reference points. The OBIA framework segments vine vegetation based onspectral and geometric features without requiring pre-clipping or manual masking. Allnon-vine elements—including soil, grass, and infrastructure—are automatically excluded,and detailed canopy masks are created for each plant. Vegetation indices are computedexclusively from vine canopy objects, ensuring that soil signals and internal canopy gaps donot bias the results. This enables accurate per-vine assessment of vigour. NDRE values were calculated at three phenological stages—flowering, veraison, and harvest—and analyzedusing Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) to detect spatial clusters and outliers.In contrast to value-based clustering methods, LISA accounts for spatial continuity andneighborhood effects, allowing the detection of stable low-vigour zones, expanding high-vigour clusters, and early identification of isolated stressed vines. A strong correlation(R2 = 0.73) between per-vine NDRE values and actual yield demonstrates that NDRE-derived vigour reliably reflects vine productivity. The method provides a transferable, data-driven framework for site-specific vineyard management, enabling timely interventions atthe individual plant level before stress propagates spatially
Figurationen des Übergangs / BLOCKED - Zur Vermittlung russischer Kunst und Kultur in Zeiten des Krieges : Veranstaltungsbericht von Angelina Kucherova und Patrik Valouch
No full textFrom disinformation to empowerment : how fact-checking organizations integrate media literacy initiatives in Belgium and Brazil
No full textDisinformation is considered a long-term risk, according to the Global Risks Report 2025 by The World Economic Forum, which highlights the need for government action, public policies, and the amplification of fact-checking agencies and media literacy programs. Misinformation and disinformation leto ad short-term risks and may fuel instability and undermine trust in governance, complicating the urgent need for cooperation to address shared crises (World Economic Forum, 2025).This research reflects on the concepts and dynamics of disinformation, delving into how it spreads and its consequences. We aim to understand two distinct disinformation lands:apes, one from the Global Nospecifically rth, Belgium, and one from the Global Sospecifically uth, Brazil. We also acknowledge media literacy and fact-checking as a solution to disinformation, exploring existing regulations in Belgium and Brazil.Through this multifacetedanalyse the potential of fact-checking organisationscking organisationsectorotential in the education area, as well as their mission and motivation, their outcomes and challenges. This research compares two countries (Belgium and Brazil) with different media landscapes, languages, and public policies. The potential to implement educational tools and inspire users to ,become more interested in news, media, technolfoster active participation in socieencourage ty can also inspire more debate on the topic and more financial investments in this field. The results aim to inencouragehoughtful discussions on the urgent need to address the challenges posed by disinformation and misinformation.submitted by Thais Cardoso Motta SilvaLiteraturverzeichnis: Seite 69-85Masterarbeit Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Austria 2025Masterarbeit Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Belgium 202
Catalytic properties of the electride Sr3CrN3
No full textThis thesis investigates the catalytic potential of the ternary electride Sr3CrN3 for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and small-molecule reduction reactions using density functional theory (DFT). Electrides, with interstitial anionic electrons, offer promising properties such as low work functions and high electronvmobility. Sr3CrN3 features a one-dimensional electron-rich channel structure, making it a promising candidate for catalytic applications, and notably, it is stable under ambient pressure and temperature conditions. Results show that while Sr3CrN3 binds hydrogen too strongly for efficient HER and presents high overpotentials for OER, it demonstrates favorable electron transfer characteristics for reduction reactions involving CO2, N2, and O2. This work provides insights into the viability of electrides as catalysts and identifies opportunities for further optimization.Christina Maria StorckEnthält Literaturverzeichnis auf Seite 27-30Masterarbeit Paris Lodron University Salzburg 202
Reframing scientific representation : a critique of denotation and genre in representation-as accounts
No full textThis dissertation offers a critical analysis and systematic refinement of the DEKI account of scientific and artistic representation. While DEKI—based on Denotation, Exemplification, Keying, and Imputation—provides a structured and versatile framework, I argue that its reliance on denotation, interpretation, and keying introduces conceptual and practical limitations. By reworking these components, I propose a revised version of DEKI that preserves its core strengths while addressing its vulnerabilities.The central innovation of the dissertation is the introduction of a unified interpretation mechanism—the ω-function—which replaces the original Key and integrates the interpretation process into a single morphism-based structure. This reformulation resolves longstanding ambiguities surrounding denotation’s role in target identification and allows for a more context-sensitive and functionally grounded account of representation.In addition to refining DEKI, the dissertation engages critically with inferentialist accounts (notably those of Suárez and Contessa) and structuralist perspectives (as advanced by Suppes, French, and others). I argue that denotation-based and inferentialist approaches both struggle to capture the full complexity of representational practice, particularly in cases where user intentions, contextual cues, and structural features interact in non-trivial ways. The proposed ω-function preserves the inferential and structural insights of these accounts while avoiding their respective pitfalls.The dissertation also rejects the idea that scientific representation operates through discrete genres—a view popular among pluralists such as Giere, Frigg, and Nguyen. Instead, it offers a unified, genre-free framework that reconceives representation as a functional relation shaped by contextually governed interpretative practices. By doing so, this work contributes to a more integrated and systematic philosophy of representation, with implications for both scientific modeling and artistic depiction.submitted by: Hamid MirhosseiniLiteraturverzeichnis: Seite 109-113Dissertation University of Salzburg 202
Pflegehelfer Pflegehelferinnen
No full textMasterthesis vorgelegt von: Andreas EyholzerEnthält Literaturverzeichnis auf Seite 100-106Masterarbeit Universität Salzburg - Universitätslehrgang Executive MBA Global Management 2025Masterarbeit University of Salzburg Business School 2025Arbeit gesperr
Zwischen Automation und Verantwortung : eine empirische Untersuchung zum Wandel in der Softwareentwicklung durch generative KI
No full textDie rasante Verbreitung generativer KI-Systeme wie ChatGPT oder GitHub Copilot verändert die Praxis der Softwareentwicklung grundlegend. Diese Arbeit untersucht, wie sich der Einsatz solcher Technologien auf Arbeits-weisen, Rollenbilder, Verantwortlichkeiten und Qualitätsverständnisse in Entwicklungsprozessen auswirkt. Aufbauend auf einer methodischen Tri-angulation kombiniert die Studie eine Fallstudie mit leitfadengestützten Ex-perteninterviews, um sowohl konkrete Nutzungserfahrungen als auch stra-tegische Einschätzungen aus der Praxis sichtbar zu machen. Die Ergeb-nisse zeigen, dass generative KI primär bei standardisierbaren Aufgaben wie Testgenerierung, Refactoring oder Dokumentation genutzt wird und hier Effizienzgewinne ermöglicht. Gleichzeitig entstehen neue Anforderun-gen an die kritische Bewertung, Integration und Kontextualisierung gene-rierter Inhalte. Rollenverständnisse verschieben sich, Entwickler:innen agieren zunehmend als steuernde, bewertende Instanz, nicht mehr nur als aktive Codierende. Damit verbunden sind veränderte Kompetenzprofile, ein wachsen der Bedarf an Domänenwissen und neue Formen der Mensch-KI-Kollaboration. Auf organisationaler Ebene werden Governance, Qualitätssicherung und Veränderungsbereitschaft zu Schlüsselfaktoren für einen verantwortungsvollen KI-Einsatz. Die Studie kommt zu dem Schluss, dass generative KI keine rein technische Innovation ist, sondern eine tief-greifende Transformation in der Softwareentwicklung einleitet, mit weitrei-chenden Implikationen für Ausbildung, Führung, Teamarbeit und strategi-sches Technologiemanagement.Masterthesis vorgelegt von: Dipl.-Ing. Christian Ampferer, BScLiteraturverzeichnis: Seite 100-106Masterarbeit Universität Salzburg, Universitätslehrgang Executive MBA 2025Masterarbeit University of Salzburg Business School 2025Anhang überwiegend in englischer Sprach