eplus (Univ. of Salzburg)
Not a member yet
21323 research outputs found
Sort by
Fuzzy Sets and Systems / On differentiability and mass distributions of typical bivariate copulas
No full textDespite the fact that copulas are commonly considered as analytically smooth/regular objects,derivatives of copulas have to be handled with care. Triggered by a recently published resultcharacterizing multivariate copulas via (?? − 1)-increasingness of their partial derivative we studythe bivariate setting in detail and show that the set of non-differentiability points of a copula maybe quite large. We first construct examples of copulas ?? whose first partial derivative ??1??(??, ??)is pathological in the sense that for almost every ?? ∈ (0, 1) it does not exist on a dense subset of?? ∈ (0, 1), and then show that the family of these copulas is dense. Since in commonly consideredsubfamilies more regularity might be typical, we then focus on bivariate Extreme Value copulas(EVCs) and show that a topologically typical EVC is not absolutely continuous but has degenerateddiscrete component, implying that in this class typically ??1??(??, ??) exists in full (0, 1) 2.Considering that regularity of copulas is closely related to their mass distributions we then studymass distributions of topologically typical copulas and prove the surprising fact that topologicallytypical bivariate copulas are mutually completely dependent with full support. Furthermore, weuse the characterization of EVCs in terms of their associated Pickands dependence measures ?? on[0, 1], show that regularity of ?? carries over to the corresponding EVC and prove that the subfamilyof all EVCs whose absolutely continuous, discrete and singular component has full support is densein the class of all EVCs
Rethinking AI-supported worksheet tools : designing a teacher-centered prototype for primary education beyond text-based interaction
No full textBeing an elementary school teacher means not only teaching children but also creating lesson plans and grading homework. A review of the literature revealed that little research has focused specifically on elementary school teachers, especially on the preparatory phase of their work. To address this gap, interviews with elementary school teachers were conducted. These interviews showed that creating worksheets takes a lot of time to prepare and that teachers desire control over the final material. This paper explores how GenAI could make this task easier.A comparative analysis of current AI tools for worksheet creation revealed that none of the tools are targeted at elementary school teachers. Most tools rely solely on text input and output. To evaluate alternative input modalities, three prototypes and the existing tool TeachShare were tested and compared in terms of perceived control, usability, and user preference. Modality refers to the different types of information transmitted to an AI system, regardless of whether it is communicated via text, speech, or another medium. The results indicate a clear preference for drag-and-drop when selecting task formats. Drop-down and text inputs were well received for other functions. However, the sketch interaction received poor ratings across all measures and was therefore excluded from further prototypes.Based on the desired requirements of the study participants and general design principles, a final prototype was developed that combines multiple input methodologies. Teachers emphasized the need to differentiate tasks, integrate images, and have flexible layout options. The design ensures simplicity, intuitiveness, and adaptability. The prototype allows teachers to decide for themselves when and how much control they wish to exercise. The prototype is an example of what alternative interactions with AI can look like and is a step away from text-based toward a more multimodal interaction.author: Elisa EllingerLiteraturverzeichnis: Seite 70-80Masterarbeit Paris-Lodron-University Salzburg, Joint Master Programme Human-Computer Interaction 2025Masterarbeit Salzburg University of Applied Sciences 2025Text englisch, Anhang deutsc
Brain and Language / Interactive and additive effects of word frequency and predictability: A fixation-related fMRI study
No full textThe effects of word frequency and predictability are informative with respect to bottom-up and top-downmechanisms during reading. Word frequency is assumed to index bottom-up, whereas word predictability top-down information. Findings regarding potential interactive effects, however, are inconclusive. An interactiveeffect would suggest an early lexical impact of contextual top-down mechanisms where both variables areprocessed concurrently in early stages of word recognition. An additive effect, to the contrary, would suggest thatcontextual top-down processing only occurs post-lexically. We evaluated potential interactions between wordfrequency and predictability during silent reading by means of functional magnetic resonance imaging andsimultaneous eye-tracking (i.e., fixation-related fMRI). Our data revealed exclusively additive effects. Specifically,we observed effects of word frequency and word predictability in left inferior frontal regions, whereas wordfrequency additionally exhibited an effect in the left occipito-temporal cortex. We interpret our findings in termsof contextual top-down processing facilitation
Die amerikanische Frauenrechtsbewegung und ihre rechtshistorischen Errungenschaften
No full textDiese Arbeit bietet einen Rückblick auf den frauenrechtlichen Kampf um Gleichheitsrechte sowie grundlegende Freiheitsrechte in den Vereinigten Staaten. Der historische Blick bietet eine umfangreiche Perspektive auf den Status der Frauenrechte. Er zeigt sowohl den erfolgten Fortschritt als auch die anhaltende Fragilität dieser Rechte. Der Fokus liegt auf den gesellschaftlichen und rechtlichen Entwicklungen in den Vereinigten Staaten, wobei ein Blick auf das Gewohnheitsrecht und die gegenwärtige Rechtsprechung geworfen wird. Es stehen drei historische Entwicklungen im Mittelpunkt: das Frauenwahlrecht, das Abtreibungsrecht sowie das Recht auf gleiche Vergütung für gleiche Arbeit. Um die Fortschritte sowie Rückschritte aufzuzeigen, werden bestehende Literatur, die Rechtsprechung des US Supreme Court sowie maßgebliche Gesetzestexte analysiert.eingereicht von Daira HarambasicLiteraturverzeichnis: Seite 68-72Diplomarbeit Paris-Lodron-Universität Salzburg 2025Abstract in deutscher und englischer Sprach
Protecting your own: insurgency target selection in occupied France
No full textDo insurgencies shift their target selection based on environmental and demographic factors? This thesis seeks to break ground in a rarely discussed section of research within insurgency studies: target selection. Particularly, I seek to understand whether rurality, complex terrain features, or their interaction affect how an insurgency chooses to target either domestic targets or foreign occupiers. The thesis introduces a new dataset of resistance actions in Occupied France during the Second World War. Though only using event data from the year 1943 for testing, this dataset lists every French Resistance action that was recorded by French authorities during the war. The dataset is spatially assigned and consists of action types, personnel classifications and other valuable metadata. The thesis integrates a historical analysis with quantitative analysis. To test the research questions, I employ multinomial logistic regression models with terrain factors and population density acting as independent variables. The targeting outcomes serve as the dependent variable. Though the results for the original research questions varied based on each independent variable tested, there was an overall consistent and significant preference to target domestic targets (mostly collaborators) rather than foreign occupiers. While the dataset developed breaks ground for new potential research in the field of insurgency studies, the findings suggest that a variety of contextual factors may come into play when understanding how an insurgency chooses to target either domestic or foreign targets.submitted by Anthony Roney IILiteraturverzeichnis: Seite 99-107Masterarbeit Paris Lodron University of Salzburg 202
European Business Organization Law Review / Complexity in the EU’s Resolution Mechanism: An Expanding but Unavoidable Phenomenon?
No full textAbstract The Single Resolution Mechanism (SRM), which has been in operation since 2016, is particularly complex. It is headed by a ‘specific’ agency, the Single Resolution Board (SRB), but national authorities as well as national legal frameworks continue to play a decisive role in its operation. The Meroni doctrine also sets limitations on the extent to which (discretionary) powers may be delegated to the SRB. For this reason, very complex mechanisms had to be devised to guarantee that the European Commission and the Council would be sufficiently involved. Also, the SRM only applies to Banking Union Member States (i.e., euro area Member States and states in close cooperation). The co-existence of the Internal Market/EU27 on the one hand and the Banking Union on the other is a further source of complexity, as is the fact that the SRM partially relies on international law (the Single Resolution Fund and perhaps the European Stability Mechanism in the future). In short, the complexities within the SRM are many, and this article sheds light on them by considering complexities of a procedural, institutional and legal nature. It concludes by demonstrating that complexity has increased over time, yet it is probably unavoidable at this stage of European integration. However, efforts could still be made to simplify the applicable legal framework
Review of International Political Economy / Trading off climate: how conventional trade interests shape climate discussions at PTA committees
No full textDebates over the role of trade policy in addressing climate change have gained steam inrecent years. One proposed mechanism that might lead to improved climate outcomesruns through preferential trade agreements (PTAs) and their committees, which may providea forum for ambitious actors to promote higher standards. So far, we know littleabout whether and when such promotion occurs at PTA committees. The paper arguesthat at the PTA implementation stage, where public scrutiny has largely subsided andclimate-minded actors are in a weakened position, conventional trade interests, ratherthan genuine climate concerns, shape discussions of climate issues between the parties.An analysis of minutes from committee meetings under 19 European Union PTAs, supportedby interview evidence, shows that the parties discuss climate issues routinely andextensively, but that especially with its major trade partners, the EU discusses climateissues primarily in connection to, and prioritizes, trade interests, notably the advancementand safeguarding of market access for EU companies. Only with smaller trade partners isclimate more often discussed ‘in its own right’. Opening the black box of PTA committees,the paper speaks to debates about issue linkages and tensions between conventionaltrade and other interests in trade agreements.Austrian Science Fund 10.55776/DOC11
Journal of European Integration / Perceived constraints from European and international integration: citizens’ feeling of being represented and turnout
No full textA burgeoning literature suggests that the loss of autonomy of national representatives induced by supranational integration – i.e. European integration and globalization, ultimately depresses turnout. However, few studies have theorized, and tested, the mechanisms underlying this relationship at the individual level. In this article, we test the representational linkage mechanism which contends that the loss of autonomy fosters abstention by acting upon citizens’ feeling of being represented. We put this proposition to the test using an original cross-national dataset combining perceptions of constraints with measures of feelings of being represented. Our results indicate a negative correlation between perceived constraints and feelings of being represented. Interestingly, our analysis shows that perceived constraints from globalization have a stronger downward effect on feelings of being represented compared to perceptions of EU constraints. Most importantly, we find that perceiving constraints decrease the positive effect of the feeling of being represented on electoral participation.European Research Council 716208 F.4549.2
Inklusionsstrategie Datingprofilen Dating Profilen
No full textDie vorliegende Studie untersuchte, wie die Entscheidungsstrategien Inklusion und Exklusiondie Bewertung von Dating-Profilen und das Erleben von Shared Reality im Online-Datingbeeinflussen. Basierend auf dem Inklusion-Exklusion-Modell (Yaniv & Schul, 1997) und derShared-Reality-Theorie (Higgins, 1992) wird angenommen, dass Exklusionsentscheidungen,also Bewertungen, bei denen Personen Merkmale ausschließen, die gegen eine Auswahlsprechen, im Vergleich zu Inklusionsentscheidung, bei denen Merkmale gesucht werden, diefür eine Auswahl sprechen, zu positiveren Profilbewertungen führen. Zudem wird erwartet,dass höhere Attraktivitätsbewertungen mit einem stärkeren Erleben geteilter Realitäteinhergehen. Insgesamt nahmen 407 Personen an einer Online-Studie teil, in der sie acht fiktiveDating-Profile bewerteten. Die Teilnehmenden wurden per Zufallsprinzip der Inklusions- oderExklusionsbedingung zugewiesen. Zur Erfassung der abhängigen Variablen wurden einegekürzte Version der Interpersonal Attraction Scale und der Shared Reality Generalized Scaleverwendet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Profile in der Exklusionsbedingung signifikantpositiver bewertet werden als in der Inklusionsbedingung. Dieser Effekt wird teilweise durchdie Anzahl der im Restprofil verbliebenen bzw. ausgewählten Attribute vermittelt. Zudembesteht ein signifikanter positiver Zusammenhang zwischen der Attraktivitätsbewertung unddem Erleben geteilter Realität. Explorative Analysen zeigen, dass diese Effekte unabhängigvom Geschlecht oder Beziehungsstatus der Teilnehmenden sind. Die Befunde verdeutlichen,dass die Art der kognitiven Informationsverarbeitung maßgeblich beeinflusst, wie Personenandere im digitalen Raum wahrnehmen und bewerten. Die Studie leistet damit einen Beitragzur Verbindung von Entscheidungspsychologie und sozialer Kognition und zeigt, dass SharedReality auch in textbasierten Online-Interaktionen entstehen kann.eingereicht von Mai A.T. TranLiteraturverzeichnis: Seite 49-53Masterarbeit Paris-Lodron-Universität Salzburg 2025Abstract in deutscher und englischer Sprach
Auswirkungen einer strukturierten Bewegungsintervention auf die gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität, das Wohlbefinden und die Teamfähigkeit von Personen mit Beeinträchtigung
No full textHintergrund: Bewegungsinterventionen gelten als potenzieller Ansatz zur Förderung der Lebensqualität, des Wohlbefindens und sozialer Kompetenzen. Während zahlreiche Studien positive Effekte in der Allgemeinbevölkerung belegen, bleibt die Evidenz für Menschen mit Beeinträchtigung begrenzt. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die Auswirkungen einer 10-wöchigen Bewegungsintervention auf gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität, Wohlbefinden und Teamfähigkeit bei Menschen mit Beeinträchtigung zu untersuchen. Methode: In der nicht-randomisierten Versuch-Kontrollgruppenstudie mit zwei Messzeitpunkten (Pretest und Posttest) wurden zwanzig Erwachsene mit unterschiedlichen Beeinträchtigungen in eine Interventions- (n = 11) und eine Kontrollgruppe (n = 9) aufgeteilt. Die Interventionsgruppe absolvierte wöchentlich eine Bewegungseinheit mit kleinen Sportspielen und gruppendynamischen Elementen. Die gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität wurde mit einem angepassten Kidscreen-10 Fragebogen, das Wohlbefinden auf einer Smiley-Skala und die Teamfähigkeit durch beobachtungsbasierte Analysen einer kooperativen Aufgabe erfasst. Ergebnisse: Die Compliance war hoch und 97 % berichteten von Spaß in den Bewegungseinheiten. Die Veränderung der gesundheitsbezogenen Lebensqualität (p = .518) und der Lebenszufriedenheit (p = .099) von Pre- zu Posttest unterschied sich nicht signifikant zwischen den Gruppen. Das Wohlbefinden blieb vor und nach den Bewegungseinheiten unverändert (p = .196) verbesserte sich jedoch im Verlauf der Intervention (p = .037). Die Teamfähigkeit verbesserte sich in beiden Gruppen, mit stärkeren Effekten in der Interventionsgruppe. Limitationen: Die geringe Stichprobengröße, fehlende Randomisierung und kurze Interventionsdauer begrenzen die Aussagekraft. Zudem fehlen spezifisch validierte Erhebungsinstrumente für Menschen mit kognitiver Beeinträchtigung. Schlussfolgerung: Die Intervention zeigte keine signifikanten Effekte auf die gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität und Lebenszufriedenheit, führte jedoch zu positiven Veränderungen in der Teamfähigkeit und im Wohlbefinden im Verlauf der Intervention. Zukünftige Studien sollten längere Interventionszeiträume, häufigere Einheiten und die Entwicklung geeigneter Erhebungsinstrumente berücksichtigen, um die Wirkung von Bewegungsprogrammen für diese Zielgruppe umfassender zu untersuchen.eingereicht von Adriana SpaltLiteraturverzeichnis: Seite 44-48Masterarbeit Universität Salzburg 2025Kurzfassung in deutscher und englischer Sprach