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Frontiers in Sports and Active Living / Differences in Game-Based Performance by Playing Position in Young Elite Male Team Handball Player
No full textIntroduction: In male team handball, different playing positions have differentdemands due to their tactical roles. However, if the game-based physicalperformance differs across playing positions has not been analyzed, althoughthis is crucial for training young elite players to reach a world-class levelbased on their specific positions. Consequently, the aim of this study was toanalyze game-based performance in young elite male team handball playersbased on their playing positions.Methods: Forty-eight young elite male team handball players (age: 17.5 ± 1.9years, body weight: 82.5 ± 9.9 kg, body height: 1.86 ± 0.05 m), including 23backs, 17 wings and 8 pivots participated in the study. All players trained 7–8sessions per week at an elite team handball academy and competed at thehighest international level for their age group. To determine specific physicalperformance, all participants performed the team handball game-basedperformance test. A one-way ANOVA was used to compare the performancedifferences among backs, wings and pivots.Results: Significant differences between playing positions (P < 0.05) were foundin peak oxygen uptake, heart rate, fast break and offense time, jump heightduring the jump shot, and body mass. Wings showed the best performancein fast break (1.78 ± 0.08 s), offense time (5.74 ± 0.19 s), jump height duringthe jump shot (0.39 ± 0.06 m), and peak oxygen uptake (72.4 ± 8.4 ml/kg/min). Backs performed best in ball velocity during the jump shot(25.1 ± 1.5 m/s), while pivots had the highest body weight (90.5 ± 14.1 kg).Discussion: As expected, pivots were the heaviest due to facing the mostphysical contact with defenders during matches. Wings were the fastest onthe court and jumped the highest, while backs demonstrated the highestthrowing velocities, as they frequently perform long-distance throws duringgames. However, the high levels of peak oxygen uptake for wings and backs(around 70 ml/kg/min) and pivots (around 60 ml/kg/min), along with nosignificant differences in defense time between positions, highlight theimportance of both aerobic and anaerobic performance for all players tomaintain an active and dynamic performance throughout the entire match
The Committee of the Regions' role in subsidiarity within the EU governance between advice and action
No full textDiese Masterarbeit untersucht die Rolle des Ausschusses der Regionen im Gesetzgebungsprozess der Europäischen Union. Im Fokus liegt hierbei das Subsidiaritätsprinzip, welches es der untersten Ebene ermöglicht sich selbst um Themen zu kümmern, wenn sie dazu in der Lage ist und somit das beste Ergebnis erzielen kann. Als beratendes Gremium nimmt der Ausschuss der Regionen eine aktive Rolle als „watchdog“ der Subsidiarität ein, besonders wenn es um die Vorschläge der Europäischen Kommission geht. Hierbei werden die Stellungsnahmen des Ausschusses der Regionen zum Gesetz über digitale Dienste, dem Europäischen Klimagesetz und dem Europäischen Medienfreiheitsgesetz analysiert, besonders wenn es um Stellungsnahmen betreffend dem Subsidiaritätsprinzips geht. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es zu zeigen, dass der Ausschuss der Regionen aktiv die Gesetzgebung beeinflussen kann, wenn der Ausschuss Bedenken bezüglich dem Subsidiaritätsprinzip anspricht.submitted by Jakob Gössweiner BALiteraturverzeichnis: Seite 65-70Masterarbeit Paris Lodron University Salzburg 2025Abstract / Zusammenfassung in englischer und deutscher Sprach
JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies / Enforcement, Information or Socialization? The Role of the European Labour Authority in Protecting Mobile Workers in the EU
No full textAbstract This article analyses the European Labour Authority (ELA) to understand the strategies EU agencies can use to improve EU rule implementation. Theoretically, we depart from established EU implementation and compliance research, broadly distinguishing between enforcement, information and socialization strategies. Empirically, the analysis draws on 18 semi‐structured background interviews with ELA and national officials and stakeholders as well as on documents from the negotiation of ELA's mandate, its first 5 years of operation and the review of the ELA regulation. We find that ELA tries to meet, at least partly, the high and diverse expectations of its stakeholders by pursuing a multitude of enforcement and information strategies in parallel. Given its limited resources to enforce and inform top‐down, however, most observers see the greatest potential for ELA in a socialization strategy, which prompts horizontal cross‐border co‐operation and builds trust amongst national enforcement authorities through joint inspections and liaison officers.Austrian Science Fund I 4064 (RESiM
International Journal of Sport Policy and Politics / Institutional resilience of club sport in an extreme context: collective dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic from an institutional work lens
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic has been an enormous challenge for individuals,organisations, and institutions as a collective of actors that constitute a field,such as club sport. In our paper, we define institutional resilience as a field’scapacity of collectively and successfully responding to the challenges of anextreme context. Following a qualitative empirical approach (content ana-lysis of 19 interviews) and an institutional work lens, we aim at analysing ofhow club sport uses institutional work to enable institutional resilience forresponding to the challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, we show,which actors of club sport (who?) use which institutional work activities(how?) for enabling institutional resilience in the face of the pandemic’schallenges (why?). Results indicate that institutional resilience of club sportin the COVID-19 pandemic had an emergent and dynamic nature with aniterative passing through the phases of resilience. Sport clubs were the leadagents, but also unions and associations as non-profit-organisations appliedmanifold cultural, technical, and political work activities. Beyond the refine-ment of institutional work activities for club sport, we identified COVID-19pandemic specific activities. These are visioning as a new cultural activityand reinterpreting (transforming) core operations for the digital space andlegal networking as new technical institutional work activities. Hence, thenovelty of the paper consists in advancing the conceptualisation of institu-tional resilience by illustrating the nature of institutional resilience (itscharacteristics) and by depicting institutional resilience as an outcome ofinstitutional work
Entwicklung eines prototypischen Machine-Learning-Ansatzes zur Vorhersage und Reduzierung von Maschinenausfällen im industriellen Bereich
No full textsubmitted by Johannes StaudacherDeutscher Titel laut Prüfungsamt: Entwicklung eines prototypischen Machine-Learning-Ansatzes zur Vorhersage und Reduzierung von Maschinenausfällen im industriellen BereichEnthält Literaturverzeichnis auf Seite 119-123Masterarbeit University of Salzburg 2025Abstracts in deutscher und englischer SpracheArbeit gesperr
Truth, meaning, and intention in Large Language Models
No full textThe arrival of commercially available chatbots that are able to produce human-like language has made philosophical thought experiments come to life. Such language models produce mostly coherent language, but how do their outputs compare to what we usually assume about language uttered by a human agent? In particular, can their outputs be assumed to be related to truth, and can they be considered meaningful in any sense? In the first part of the thesis, some basic philosophical concepts are explored to provide a background, such as the nature of truth, meaning, and intention. In the second part, a high-level description of Large Language Models is provided. In the third part, these subjects meet, and the outputs of Large Language Models are evaluated according to philosophical concepts. A major issue is the question of grounding: are the outputs of these models grounded in the real world? One argument from different areas of literature is developed and refuted. Following that, the demand for intention is criticized, and a weakening of this principle is suggested. A great obstacle for a meaningful interpretation is the tokenization process, which is discussed as well. Another contribution is a sketch of how the outputs of Large Language Models could be interpreted in truth-conditional semantics. Lastly, future approaches for the philosophically informed study of Large Language Models are summarized.Christian OdenwaldLiteraturverzeichnis: Seite 67-75Masterarbeit Paris Lodron University of Salzburg 202
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health / Sleep-Related Factors in Shift Workers: A Cross-Sectional Cohort Pilot Study to Inform Online Group Therapy for Insomnia
No full textShift workers face a heightened risk of insomnia. Recent research has yielded promisinginsights, but further progress is necessary to better treat insomnia in this group. The presentpilot study evaluates how different characteristics impact sleep in shift workers to developan innovative therapeutic approach. An online survey was administered to an ad hocsample of N = 225 (112 shift workers), and correlations were calculated between sleepvariables and specific characteristics (e.g., psychological impairment, personality traits,sleep-related behavior, attitudes towards sleep and shift work). Group differences betweengood/poor sleepers and day/shift work were determined using Mann–Whitney U-testsand Kruskal–Wallis H-tests. Regression was used to identify appropriate predictors. Allfactors (except perfectionism, chronotype, and importance of sleep) yielded significantresults in both correlations and group differences (good/poor sleepers). The two groupsof day/shift workers showed only minor differences. Dysfunctional beliefs about sleep,pre-sleep arousal, and depression were identified as predictors of poorer sleep. We concludethat interventions on psychological constraints (anxiety and depression), personalitytraits (anxiety, concern, emotional instability, and tension), social integration, sleep-relatedfactors (dysfunctional beliefs, especially cognitive pre-sleep-arousal, sleep hygiene) andthe attitude toward shiftwork, can replace those on regularity and will build an innovativetherapy for shift workers on this basis. Once the newly developed treatment manual isfinalized, its efficacy will be assessed through a randomized controlled trial
Die Visit-Linz-App : der Einfluss von Augmented Reality & Gamification auf das Tourismus Engagement
No full textDie vorliegende Masterarbeit untersucht, wie die Attribute emotional, immersiv und sozial von Augmented Reality (AR) und Gamification die verhaltensbasierten Absichten zum Tourismus Engagement (TE) beeinflussen. Grundlage bildet das Stimulus-Organism-Response-(S-O-R)-Modell, wobei die Nutzung von Gamification- und AR-Funktionen in der Visit-Linz-App als Stimuli fungieren und ihre Wirkung über die organismischen Dimensionen Pleasure, Arousal und Dominance auf Engagement-Intentionen hin untersucht wird. Die Analyse basiert auf nutzer*innenbasierten Trackingdaten aus Matomo im Zeitraum 1. April 2025 - 23. Juli 2025. Zur Auswertung wurde ein Partial-Least-Squares-Structural-Equation-Model (PLS-SEM) herangezogen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass keine direkte signifikante Beziehung zwischen der Nutzung von emotional aufgeladenen sowie sozialen Gamification- und AR-Elementen und dem Tourismus Engagement besteht. Jedoch weisen die emotionalen Zustände Pleasure und Dominance signifikante positive Effekte auf das verhaltensbasierte Engagement auf. Darüber hinaus zeigt sich, dass insbesondere immersive Spielmechaniken das touristische Engagement signifikant fördern. Dies verdeutlicht die Bedeutung erlebnisorientierter Interaktionen im digitalen Tourismuskontext. Die Studie liefert praxisrelevante Implikationen für die Gestaltung immersiver und emotional ansprechender Tourismuserlebnisse sowie theoretische Beiträge zur Operationalisierung verhaltensbasierter Engagement-Indikatoren im digitalen Raum.eingereicht von Laura Maria KerblLiteraturverzeichnis: Seite 89-98 ; Quellenverzeichnis: Seite 99-101Masterarbeit Paris Lodron Universität Salzburg, Masterstudium Sprache-Wirtschaft-Kultur (Management and Digital Transformation) 2025Abstract in deutscher und englischer Sprach
Against extended rationality: a normative hinge epistemology
No full textIn this thesis, I analyze Annalisa Coliva's concept of hinge epistemology to critique it and suggest an alternative way of understanding hinges. Coliva's extended view of rationality, I argue, does not adequately address the skeptic's challenge and therefore fails to provide a satisfactory understanding of hinges. Regarding the pars construens, I defend a view of hinges that links them to norms. This approach avoids skepticism. However, thinking of hinges as norms is not without issues. I explain how a version of the Frege-Geach problem can impact my own view of hinges, which I then try to avoid. Overall, this work aims to highlight the weaknesses of Coliva's extended rationality view while offering a more Wittgensteinian understanding of hinge epistemology—one that can dismiss the skeptic’s demands.Michele OcchialiniLiteraturverzeichnis: Seite 37Masterarbeit Paris Lodron University of Salzburg 202
Ökologische Verantwortung von Staaten : rechtsethische Betrachtungen zum EU-Mercosur-Abkommen
No full textÖkologische Verantwortung von Staaten – Rechtsethische Betrachtungen zum EU-Mercosur-AbkommenDas stark umstrittene Abkommen zwischen den Staaten der EU (Europäische Union) und den Staaten des Mercosur (Gemeinsamer Markt des Südens) wirft in seiner derzeitigen Fassung angesichts der Größenordnung ökologischer Krisen wie dem anthropogenen Klimawandel Fragen bezüglich deren ökologischen Verantwortung auf. Die vorliegende Arbeit möchte diesbezüglich das Abkommen einer rechtsethischen Rechtfertigung und Kritik unterziehen. Im Ergebnis der Analyse wird festgehalten, dass Staaten grundsätzlich nicht nur als Völkerrechtssubjekte, sondern auch als moralische Personen ökologische Verantwortung tragen. Um eine Antwort auf die Frage der Gewichtung dieser Verantwortung zwischen den einzelnen Staaten zu erhalten, werden verschiedene normative Gesichtspunkte mithilfe von Prinzipien der Verteilungsgerechtigkeit analysiert. Dabei gelangt die vorliegende Arbeit zum Schluss, dass die Staaten der EU aufgrund einer Kombination des Verursacherprinzips und des Prinzips der Leistungsfähigkeit ergänzt um eine Zumutbarkeitsgrenze anteilsmäßig mehr ökologische Verantwortung als die Staaten des Mercosur tragen.eingereicht von Simone RomstätterLiteraturverzeichnis:Seite 72-80Diplomarbeit Paris-Lodron-Universität Salzburg 2025Abstract in deutscher und englischer Sprach