4265 research outputs found
Sort by
Management of shaft of femur fracture in a patient with underlying arteriovenous malformation with an intramedullary nail
Get PDFWe present a rare case of pathological shaft of femur fracture in an 18-year-old male, with an underlying arteriovenous malformation (AVM). Magnetic resonance imaging showed extensive intraosseous femoral involvement of the vascular malformation, and the canal was deemed to be wide enough for a nail based on the radiograph templates and computed tomography (CT) scan. The patient was given four sessions of stereotactic external beam radiotherapy preoperatively, and closed reduction and internal fixation was performed using a proximal femoral nail without any complications. Radiographic evidence of fracture union was observed at 4 months. Fracture fixation by closed reduction can be either intramedullary fixation or external fixation based on the adequacy of the canal as determined by radiograph and CT scan. Preoperative measures to decrease vascularity such as stereotactic radiotherapy and angiographic embolization can be undertaken to reduce bleeding. A multidisciplinary approach is essential to improve the management of fractures in a patient with AVM
A systematic review and meta-analysis: The effects of probiotic supplementation on metabolic profile in patients with neurological disorders
No full textBackground and objective: The objective of meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was to evaluate the effects of probiotic supplementation on metabolic status in patients with neurological disorders. Methods: The following databases were search up to April 2019: Pubmed, Scopus, Google scholar, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The quality of the relevant extracted data was assessed according to the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Data were pooled by the use of the inverse variance method and expressed as mean difference with 95 Confidence Intervals (95 CI). Results: Nine studies were included in this meta-analysis. The findings suggested that probiotic supplementation resulted in a significant reduction in C-reactive protein (CRP) Weighted Mean Difference (WMD): -1.06; 95 % CI: -1.80, -0.32 and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (WMD: -0.32; 95 % CI: -0.46, -0.18). Supplementation with probiotics also significantly reduced insulin (WMD: -3.02; 95 % CI: -3.88, -2.15) and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (WMD: -0.71; 95 % CI: -0.89, -0.52). Probiotics significantly reduced triglycerides (WMD: -18.38; 95 % CI: -25.50, -11.26) and VLDL-cholesterol (WMD: -3.16; 95 % CI: -4.53, -1.79), while they increased HDL-cholesterol levels (WMD: 1.52; 95 % CI: 0.29, 2.75). Conclusion: This meta-analysis demonstrated that taking probiotic by patients with neurological disorders had beneficial effects on CRP, MDA, insulin, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, VLDL-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol levels, but did not affect other metabolic parameters. © 2020 Elsevier Lt
Vaccination with dendritic cells pulsed ex vivo with gp100 peptide-decorated liposomes enhances the efficacy of anti PD-1 therapy in a mouse model of melanoma
No full textBackground: Targeting antigens to dendritic cells (DCs) via nanoparticles is a powerful strategy which improves the efficacy of ex vivo antigen-pulsed DC vaccines. Methods: In this study, liposomes were first decorated with gp10025-33 self-antigen and then characterized. Then, DCs were pulsed ex vivo with liposomal gp100 and injected subcutaneously in mice bearing B16F10 established melanoma tumors in combination with anti-PD-1 therapy. Results: Treatment with liposomal pulsed DC vaccine elicited the strongest anticancer immunity and enhanced intratumoral immune responses based on infiltration of gp100-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to the tumor leading to significant tumor growth regression and prolonged survival rate. Treatment with liposomal pulsed DC vaccine also markedly enhanced specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) responses with a significant higher titer of IFN-γ in the spleen. Moreover, a significant increase of PD-1 expressing CD8+ tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) was detected in tumors. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate an optimum dose of liposomal gp100 significantly increases the efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy in mice and might be an effective strategy to overcome resistance to anti-PD-1 therapy. © 2020 Elsevier Lt
The effects of synthetic orally administrated insulin nanoparticles in comparison to injectable insulin on the renal function markers of type 1- diabetic rats
Get PDFObjective(s): Injectable insulin is the most widely used therapy in patients with type 1 diabetes which has several disadvantages. The present study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of injectable insulin on diabetes mellitus-related complications in comparison to orally encapsulated insulin nanoparticles. Materials and Methods: This study involved 42 Wistar rats separated into 5 groups, including control (C), diabetic control (D), diabetic receiving regular insulin (INS), diabetic receiving encapsulated insulin nanoparticle (INP), and diabetic receiving chitosan for two months. Biochemical parameters in serum and urine were measured using spectrophotometric or ELISA methods. mRNA levels of kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) were evaluated using quantitative PCR. Results: There were no significant differences between the two forms of insulin in controlling the glycemic condition (P-value>0.05), but oral INP was more effective in correcting diabetic dyslipidemia in comparison to injectable insulin (P-value<0.05). Urine volume and creatinine excretion were significantly modulated by insulin and oral INP in diabetic groups (P-value<0.05), although the effects of INP on the modulation of execration of urea, acid uric, and albumin was more dramatic. Oral INP caused a significant decrease in urine concentration of KIM-1 and NGAL as well as expression of KIM-1 in renal tissue (P-value<0.05). Conclusion: Our results suggested that oral INP is more effective than injectable insulin in modulation of urine and serum diabetic-related parameters. © 2020 Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved
Radiobiological comparison of 3D conformal and intensity modulated radiation therapy in the treatment of left-sided breast cancer
Get PDFBackground: The current study aimed to compare the tumor control probability (TCP) and normal tssue complicaton probability (NTCP) of three-dimensional conformal radiaton therapy (3D-CRT) and intensity-modulated radiaton therapy (IMRT) for left-sided breast cancer using radiobiological models. Methods: This study was conducted on 30 patents with left-sided breast cancer, who were planned for 3D-CRT and 6-9 fields IMRT treatments using the PROWESS treatment planning system. The planning target volume (PTV) dose of 50 Gy was administered for the 3D-CRT and IMRT plans, respectvely. The Niemierko's equivalent uniform dose (EUD) model was utlized for the estmaton of tumor control probability (TCP) and normal tssue complicaton probability (NTCP). Results: According to the results, the mean TCP values for 3D-CRT, 6-fields IMRT, and 9-fields IMRT plans were 99.07 ±0.07, 99.24 ±0.05 and 99.28 ±0.04, respectvely, showing no statstcally significant difference. The NTCPs of the lung and heart were considerably lower in the IMRT plans, compared to those in the 3D-CRT plans. Conclusions: From the radiobiological point of view, our results indicated that 3D-CRT produces a lower NTCP for ipsilateral lung. In contrast, for TCP calculatons, there was a higher gain with IMRT plans compared to 3D-CRT plans. © 2020 Novin Medical Radiation Institute. All rights reserved
Sperm parameters, DNA integrity, and protamine expression in patients with type II diabetes mellitus
No full textDiabetes Mellitus (DM) is the most common endocrine disorder affecting many human physiological systems and tissues, including the reproductive organs in men. The age of individuals suffering from this disease has been falling rapidly in recent years. This study compared the effect of DM on sperm parameters, chromatin quality, and apoptosis, as well as the expression profile of protamine genes in men with and without DM using molecular and cytochemical assays. Sixty semen samples from the control group (N = 30) and case group (N = 30) were collected. There was a significant decrease in the percentages of sperm parameters in cases versus the controls (p˂0.05). Despite significantly higher percentages detected in spermatozoa with AB+, CMA3+, and TUNEL+, no change was demonstrated regarding protamines mRNA levels, as well as the P1/P2 ratios in cases in comparison with controls. In contrast, significant positive correlations were found between the quantity of P1 and P2 transcripts (r = 0.944, p <.001). The data indicated that DM not only caused a decrease in the quality of sperm parameters but also affected the sperm maturation process by increasing the substantial implications in the sperm DNA/chromatin levels of DM patients.IMPACT STATEMENTWhat is already known on this subject? Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder affecting many human physiological systems and tissues, including the reproductive organs in men. The age of individuals suffering from this disease has been falling rapidly in recent years. What do the results of this study add? We found that DM not only caused a decrease in the quality of the sperm parameters, including motility and concentration, and an increase in morphological abnormalities but also affected the sperm maturation process by increasing the substantial implications in sperm DNA/chromatin levels of DM patients. Despite there being no significant difference in the mRNA levels of protamines between the two groups, our findings showed a positive correlation between the mRNA levels of P1 and progressive sperm motility. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? Based on the results of this study, chromatin and DNA assessments can have important implications for increasing fertility, as complementary tests, in combination with routine laboratory tests. Since sperm standard parameters are not capable of examining the condition of the sperm nucleus, men with abnormal sperm DNA can also have normal spermatogram, and diabetes is prevalent in reproductive age. © 2020, © 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group
Relationship between Social Determinants of Health and General Health Status of the Elderly in Alborz Province: Path Analysis
Get PDFThe purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between social determinants of health (SDH), quality of life, lifestyle, and general health of the aging people in Alborz province. A descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in 2000 aging people. A two-stage cluster sampling was applied to select participants. We used a four-section questionnaire. The statistical analysis was performed with AMOS 22. We used path analysis to examine whether SDH, QOL and lifestyle would directly or indirectly affect general health and whether the pathway model was acceptable. The general health status of the most of participants was low. The results of path analysis show that general health is affected by the SDH, lifestyle and quality of life. Our pathway model was an acceptable model. Variables such as marital status, educational level, job, income, number of family members, QOL, and lifestyle can be considered as predictors of general health status in the aging people. It can be concluded that it is necessary to provide appropriate strategies to promote general health of the elder person. © 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
β-radiating radionuclides in cancer treatment, novel insight into promising approach
No full textTargeted radionuclide therapy, known as molecular radiotherapy is a novel therapeutic module in cancer medicine. β-radiating radionuclides have definite impact on target cells via interference in cell cycle and particular signalings that can lead to tumor regression with minimal off-target effects on the surrounding tissues. Radionuclides play a remarkable role not only in apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest, but also in the amelioration of other characteristics of cancer cells. Recently, application of novel β-radiating radionuclides in cancer therapy has been emerged as a promising therapeutic modality. Several investigations are ongoing to understand the underlying molecular mechanisms of β-radiating elements in cancer medicine. Based on the radiation dose, exposure time and type of the β-radiating element, different results could be achieved in cancer cells. It has been shown that β-radiating radioisotopes block cancer cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. However, physical characteristics of the β-radiating element (half-life, tissue penetration range, and maximum energy) and treatment protocol determine whether tumor cells undergo cell cycle arrest, apoptosis or both and to which extent. In this review, we highlighted novel therapeutic effects of β-radiating radionuclides on cancer cells, particularly apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest. © 202
Circular RNAs: A novel biomarker for cervical cancer
No full textBesides messenger RNAs, recent RNA-Seq and biochemical analysis showed another type of RNAs as a product of splicing which is named circular RNA (circRNA). Evidence demonstrated that circRNAs are abundant in the cells and are able to show cell/tissue-specific expression or tissue developmental stage which suggest that circRNAs may have regulatory potentials. In recent years, researchers have focused attention on circRNAs because of their key functions in various cellular mechanisms. CircRNAs also have the potential to be as promising biomarkers for diagnosis of various diseases such as cancer. Growing up evidence has shown the various roles of circRNAs in multiple cancers. In recent years, cervical cancer as one of the main causes of cancer death in women has been interesting for molecular research. CircRNAs are one of the novel objects which have recently been evaluated in this cancer. The improvement in our knowledge of the roles of circRNAs in cervical cancer may lead to new transcription therapeutic approaches to cervical cancer inhibition. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to review many studies which examined the role of circRNAs in cervical cancer carcinogenesis and progression up till date and to summarize possible mechanisms of action of circRNAs in cervical neoplasm. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Circular RNAs and gastrointestinal cancers: Epigenetic regulators with a prognostic and therapeutic role
Get PDFBoth environmental and genetic factors are involved in the initiation and development of gastrointestinal cancer. Covalent closed circular RNAs (circRNAs) are produced by a mechanism called �back-splicing� from mRNAs. They are highly stable and show cell and tissue specific expression patterns. Although some functions such as �microRNA sponge� and �RNA binding protein sponge� have been reported for a small number of circRNAs, the function of thousands of other circRNAs is still unknown. Dysregulation of circRNAs has been reported in many GI cancers and are involved in metastasis and invasion. CircRNAs have been reported to be useful as prognostic markers and targets for developing new treatments. We first describe the properties and biogenesis of circRNAs. We then summarize recent reports about circRNA functions, expression status, and their potential to be used as biomarkers in GI cancers including, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, gallbladder cancer and pancreatic cancer. © 2019 Elsevier B.V