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What is health equity? What are health disparities? And why do the definitions matter?
Full text linkReport of the State’s Attorney for the Judicial District of Danbury on the Shootings at Sandy Hook Elementary School and 36 Yogananda Street, Newtown, Connecticut on December 14, 2012
Full text linkThe State’s Attorney’s Office for the Judicial District of Danbury is charged, pursuant to Article IV, Sec. 27 of the Connecticut State Constitution5 and Connecticut General Statutes (C.G.S.) Sec. 51-2766 et seq., with the investigation and prosecution of all criminal offenses occurring within the Judicial District of Danbury. The Connecticut State Police have the responsibility to prevent and detect violations of the law and this State’s Attorney has worked with and relied upon the Connecticut State Police since the incident occurred. The investigation has been local, state and federal agencies, both in and out of Connecticut.
While no report is statutorily required of the State’s Attorney once the investigation is complete, it has been the practice of state’s attorneys to issue reports on criminal investigations where there is no arrest and prosecution if the state’s attorney determines that some type of public statement is necessary.7 Given the gravity of the crimes committed on December 14, 2012, a report is in order.
The purpose of this report is to identify the person or persons criminally responsible for the twenty-seven homicides that occurred in Newtown, Connecticut,8 on the morning of December 14, 2012, to determine what crimes were committed, and to indicate if there will be any state prosecutions as a result of the incident.
Many witnesses to this case have expressed great concern that their identities will be disclosed publicly and make them susceptible to threats or intimidation as a result of their cooperation or connection with the investigation.9 This cooperation has been essential and greatly appreciated. As a result of the witnesses’ concerns, this report will not identify lay witnesses, except where necessary.
Consistent with Public Act 13-311,10 exceptions to the state Freedom of Information Act11 and C.G.S. Sec. 17a-101k(a) 12 this report will not list the names of the twenty children killed in Sandy Hook Elementary School, nor will it recite 911 calls made from within the school on that morning or describe information provided by witnesses who were in the classrooms or heard what was occurring in the classrooms.
It is not the intent of this report to convey every piece of information contained in the voluminous investigation materials developed by the Connecticut State Police and other law enforcement agencies, but to provide information relevant to the purposes of this report
A Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of the “But You Are Free” Compliance-Gaining Technique
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Characteristics Associated With Differences in Survival Among Black and White Women With Breast Cancer
Full text linkRace/ethnic disparities in risk factor control and survival in the bypass angioplasty revascularization investigation 2 diabetes (BARI 2D) trial.
No full textThis study sought to evaluate the impact of race/ethnicity on cardiovascular risk factor
control and on clinical outcomes in a setting of comparable access to medical care. The BARI
2D trial enrolled 1,750 participants from the United States and Canada that self-reported
either White non-Hispanic (n [ 1,189), Black non-Hispanic (n =349), or Hispanic (n =212) race/ethnicity. Participants had type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease and were
randomized to cardiac and glycemic treatment strategies. All patients received intensive
target-based medical treatment for cardiac risk factors. Average follow-up was 5.3 years.
Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazards regression models were constructed
to assess potential differences in mortality and cardiovascular outcomes across
racial/ethnic groups. Long-term risk of death and death/myocardial infarction/stroke did not
vary significantly by race/ethnicity (5-year death: 11.0% Whites, 13.7% Blacks, 8.7%
Hispanics, p =0.19; adjusted hazard ratio 1.18 Black versus White, 95% confidence interval
0.84 to 1.67, p = 0.33 and 0.82 Hispanic versus White, 95% confidence interval 0.51 to 1.34,
p =0.43). Among the 1,168 patients with suboptimal risk factor control at baseline, the
ability to attain better risk factor control during the trial was associated with higher 5-year
survival (71%, 86% and 95% for patients with 0 or 1, 2, and 3 factors in control, respectively, p
<0.001); this pattern was observed within each race/ethnic group. In conclusion, significant
race/ethnic differences in cardiac risk profiles that persisted during follow-up did not
translate into significant differences in 5-year death or death/MI/stroke
The CTSA Program at NIH: Opportunities for Advancing Clinical and Translational Research
Full text linkNutrition Education in the K-12 Curriculum: The Role of National Standards - Workshop Summary
Full text linkSocial Inequality and Health Across the Life Course
No full textSocial inequalities in health persist across the life course, but the magnitude of these differences differs for children, young adults, and those in mid and later life. Longitudinal data confirm that health disparities do change as individuals move through the life course, that these processes are intertwined with selection and causation between socioeconomic status (SES) and health and from variation across cohorts representing vastly different historical contexts. Variations in health disparities across the life course offer unique opportunities to gain traction into understanding the production of these disparities. The life course perspective provides a rich set of concepts, methods, and a theoretical framework for guiding our inquiry into how SES disparities in health unfold as people live their lives. This article focuses attention on how socioeconomic conditions experienced as one is growing up relate to health and mortality across the adult life course. We first review recent work exploring the association between childhood SES and adult health and mortality, examining the evidence, and the types of questions raised, for early, mid, and later life. We then turn to a growing body of evidence examining accumulative processes between health and SES across the life course. We conclude with a discussion of three major gaps and promising directions that draw upon advances in life course research to advance our understanding of how inequality shapes health throughout the life cours
Spatial Polygamy and Contextual Exposures (SPACEs): Promoting Activity Space Approaches in Research on Place And Health
No full textExposure science has developed rapidly and there is an increasing call for greater precision in the measurement of individual exposures across space and time. Social science interest in an individual’s environmental exposure, broadly conceived, has arguably been quite limited conceptually and methodologically. Indeed, in social science, we appear to lag behind our exposure science colleagues in our theories, data, and methods. In this article, we discuss a framework based on the concept of spatial polygamy to demonstrate the need to collect new forms of data on human spatial behavior and contextual exposures across time and space. Adopting new data and methods will be essential if one wants to better understand social inequality in terms of exposure to health risks and access to health resources. We discuss the opportunities and challenges focusing on the potential seemingly offered by focusing on human mobility and, specifically, the utilization of activity space concepts and data. A goal of the article is to spatialize social and health science concepts and research practice vis-à-vis the complexity of exposure. The article concludes with some recommendations for future research, focusing on theoretical and conceptual development promoting research on new types of places and human movement, the dynamic nature of contexts, and training