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Core Measurement Needs for Better Care, Better Health, and Lower Costs: Counting What Counts - Workshop Summary
Full text linkHow Did Cause of Death Contribute to Racial Differences in Life Expectancy in the United States in 2010?
Full text link"The Skill Is Using Your Big Head Over Your Little Head": What Black Heterosexual Men Say They Know, Want, and Need to Prevent HIV
No full textAlthough the disproportionate toll of HIV/AIDS among Black heterosexuals, particularly in low-income U.S. urban areas is well documented, Black heterosexual men are rarely the explicit focus of HIV prevention messages, research, and interventions. We conducted 4 focus groups with 28 Black men, aged 19 to 51 years, who were enrolled in the workforce and fatherhood development program of a local community-based organization to examine (a) the priority and role of HIV/AIDS in their lives and (b) their HIV prevention needs. Although none articulated HIV as a top life priority, respondents nonetheless prioritized educating their children about HIV prevention and protecting their main partners from HIV if they had other sexual partners. Analyses demonstrated that participants said they wanted and needed: to learn how to talk to partners about HIV testing and use condoms when tempted not to do so, and more discussion-oriented educational opportunities to learn and exchange prevention strategies
Racism and Health I: Pathways and Scientific Evidence
No full textThis article reviews the scientific research that indicates that despite marked declines in public support for negative racial attitudes in the United States, racism, in its multiple forms, remains embedded in American society. The focus of the article is on the review of empirical research that suggests that racism adversely affects the health of nondominant racial populations in multiple ways. First, institutional racism developed policies and procedures that have reduced access to housing, neighborhood and educational quality, employment opportunities, and other desirable resources in society. Second, cultural racism, at the societal and individual level, negatively affects economic status and health by creating a policy environment hostile to egalitarian policies, triggering negative stereotypes and discrimination that are pathogenic and fostering health-damaging psychological responses, such as stereotype threat and internalized racism. Finally, a large and growing body of evidence indicates that experiences of racial discrimination are an important type of psychosocial stressor that can lead to adverse changes in health status and altered behavioral patterns that increase health risks
The Roots of the Widening Racial Wealth Gap: Explaining the Black-White Economic Divide
Full text linkEducational Attainment in the Context of Social Inequality: New Directions for Research on Education and Health
No full textA large literature documents a strong and consistent educational gradient in health: more-educated persons enjoy lower rates of morbidity and mortality. This literature has generally focused on the amount of schooling one completes but has yet to comprehensively examine other facets of education, such as educational quality or school segregation. More importantly, the literature has generally conceptualized education at the level of individual persons and has yet to fully study the structural dimensions of education and the production of educational inequities. The goal of this article is to identify several areas of educational inequity beyond personal educational attainment. These include (a) population differences in the strength of the educational gradient in health, (b) educational quality, (c) school segregation, and (d) the role of place of education among immigrants. We also discuss some emerging issues, such as student debt and pathways to education. Accordingly, there is much work to be done to further our knowledge regarding the relationship between education and health