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Fruit processing by-products in the aquafeed industry: A feasible strategy for aquaculture sustainability
No full textThe aquaculture sector is steadily growing due to the increasing demand for healthy
and cheap animal protein sources. Consequently, the high demand for nutritionally
balanced aquafeed increases, but requires sustainable and feasible feed ingredients.
However, the high cost of fish and soybean meals opens the door to looking for suitable
non-traditional feed ingredients. The processing of fruits results in high amounts
of waste and by-products, which are risky for the environment but rich in nutritional
value. Recycling fruit waste in aquafeed is successfully applied and results in high
growth performance, productivity and well-being of aquatic animals. Fruit byproducts
are also potential functional feed additives devoted to their high content of
polyphenols, flavonoids, vitamins, minerals, polysaccharides and peptides. As functional
components, fruit by-products enhance the antioxidative and immune
responses of aquatic animals and increase their tolerance for biotic and abiotic
stressors. In light of reducing antimicrobial chemicals in aquaculture to mitigate antimicrobial
resistance, dietary feed additives extracted from fruit by-products can be
used as eco-friendly substances. The investigations involved in evaluating the incorporation
of fruit by-products and their derivatives in aquafeeds are explored in this
review. An overview of the possibility of using non-traditional plant products in aquaculture
as a feasible and sustainable concept is addressed in this review. Academic
knowledge with enough information for more development and research to maximise
the utilisation of fruit by-products in the aquafeed industry is also enriched
Antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture: A global analysis of literature and national action plans
No full textSince the establishment of a Global Action Plan (GAP) on Antimicrobial Resistance
(AMR) (68th World Health Assembly, Geneva, Switzerland, 2015), most members of
the World Health Organisation (WHO) have developed and implemented a National
Action Plan (NAP) based on a ?One Health? approach to AMR. Aquaculture, significant
among the food producing sectors, has often been overlooked in AMR governance.
We did a systematic review of 95 country NAPs and assessed the inclusion of
aquaculture. We also reviewed the scientific literature from 1996 until April 2021 to
retrieve data characterising AMR in aquaculture during the last 25 years. In our analysis,
37% of countries did not mention an aquaculture component within their AMR
NAP. The South-East Asia Region had the highest implementation rate of AMRaquaculture
programmes. Our literature review indicated that most AMR-aquaculture
related studies have taken place in the People's Republic of China, followed by the
United States of America and India. Beta-lactamases, tetracyclines, sulfonamides,
macrolides, and fluoroquinolones were the most represented classes of antibiotics,
with Vibrio spp. and Aeromonas spp. as the most investigated antimicrobial-resistant
bacteria. This review highlighted the gaps in AMR-aquaculture governance and the
progress made across WHO members. Countries are encouraged to (i) fulfil their
commitments by developing and/or fully implementing the AMR NAP, (ii) further
engage in the research, monitoring, and surveillance of antimicrobial usage and AMR
within the aquaculture sector, and (iii) collaborate at national and international level
for a concerted ?One Health? approach
Diversification of farmed fish species: A means to increase aquaculture production in Nigeria
No full textAquaculture produces about half the fish consumed globally and is the fastestgrowing
food sector. In Africa, fish is one of the major sources of animal protein, and
although the need for increased production of farmed fish to make up for the decline
in capture fisheries is acknowledged, efforts put into aquaculture in the continent
have not yielded commensurate results. The success recorded in aquaculture in
Nigeria is based on the production of the African catfish. However, a high level of
production and resilience within the aquaculture sector has been shown to be positively
correlated with the culture of several species or species items. Thus, enhanced
diversification of species and farming systems may boost aquaculture in Nigeria, as
diversification of farming systems would allow optimum utilization of the abundant
natural resources in the country. Many indigenous fish species that can be domesticated
for culture have been identified. A great deal of scientific research and collaboration
between major stakeholders, including the government, private industries,
research institutions, and researchers, is required, so the production of these species
can thrive like the already farmed catfish in Nigeria. As the successful domestication
of any fish species takes a lot of time, effort, and resources, the species that have
already proven to some extent to thrive in Nigeria, should be explored first. It is recommended
that the best strategy for diversification of aquaculture for Nigeria is to
increase the use of some already farmed species and the employment of a variety of
production systems