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Morphology and evolution of the luminous roughy bioluminescent organ (Teleostei: Trachichthyidae)
Get PDFINTRODUCTION
Bioluminescent organs in fishes that produce ventral camouflage against a background of downwelling light are very common, yet their anatomy often is poorly understood (Hastings, 1971; Young & Roper, 1976). Camouflage via ventral bioluminescence has evolved at least seven times within a wide range of teleosts (Haddock et al., 2010; Davis et al., 2014, 2016) and they vary greatly in the anatomical structures that form them (Haygood et al., 1994; Chakrabarty et al., 2011; Ghedotti et al., 2015, 2018).
The luminous roughies (genus Aulotrachichthys) have a light organ in the region of the anus that houses lumiescent bacteria in the genus Photobacterium. Kuwabara (1955) and Haneda (1957) discuss the anatomy and function of the bioluminescent organ in A. prosthemius noting that it contained Photobacterium in lobules in an area around the anus (Fig. 1) and a light conducting structure they called the “unknown” structure or the filiform body respectively.
We seek to determine more specifically the structure of the bioluminescent organ in A. prosthemius and determine if Paratrachichthys, a closely related genus, is similarly bioluminescent. We also generate a phylogeny to better understand the evolution of bioluminescence in the Family Trachichthyidae
How the “Ploughman Poet” Jumpstarted Highlandism:
Get PDFBegging the question of how the Scottish society has been reduced and commercialized to the romanticized, Scottish fantasy we see Scotland as today because of a process labeled ‘Highlandism’. The eighteenth-century poet Robert Burns became the focal point because of the impact of his major role in this creation and spread of this Sottish fantasy. Burns used his poetry as a method of delivery to sell nostalgia for a fictional, romantic, and exotic Scotland that had been created from symbols once associated with the Highlands to a now global audience.
Breaking down the historical, economic, and cultural shifts occurring around Scotland, that changed the culture Robert Burns would later step into and be able to capture in his poetry. First looking at a brief history of Scotland, highlighting the Union of the Crowns in 1603, the Union of 1707, and the Scottish Enlightenment. Analyzing Adam Smith’s effect on Burns and how Burns was able to commercialize Smith’s theories for a global audience while challenging Smith’s conclusions. Burns is known as the Ploughman Poet, so this thesis analyzes what caused the agricultural improvement movement and the urbanization of Scotland. Questioning how the rapid decline in living standards pushed the view of the rural and past ways of life to be viewed in this new romantic light.
Concluding by analyzing modern Scottish national identity, acknowledging that Scots still have a national identity of their own, and will affect the upcoming referendum because it\u27s tangible effect on Scotland’s future
Service-Learning Research for Development: An Option for the Poor in Practice through Social Analysis and Community Engagement
No full textA group of faculty, staff and students from Creighton University conducted a research project using a strengths-based approach to create a community health needs assessment (CNHA) in the fall of 2017. The instruments, including a survey to determine health status, a focus group questionnaire, an environmental scan and an individual interview instrument, were developed to help shift the paradigm from which many international medical missions are conducted with Creighton’s community partner in the Dominican Republic, the Centro de Educación para la Salud Integral (CESI). In the process of creating, developing, implementing, assessing and reformulating this strength-based CHNA, researchers encountered both unexpected challenges and opportunities. Results showed that diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia were prevalent to a degree which suggests the charity model for a medical mission may not be sufficiently effective at preventing disease and may inhibit community agency. The goal was to encourage both individual and community agency through knowledge gleaned from the assessments. With better knowledge of the community, its strengths and deficiencies, both CESI and Creighton are better positioned to make an option for the poor in practice that will help reduce the prevalence of chronic disease and improve long term quality of life. This bi-national, bi-lingual and interdisciplinary research project was both an educational and cautionary tale
On Eagle’s Wings: A Caregiver’s Story
Get PDFIncreased attention is being focused on the Sandwich Generation, a rapidly growing subset of the adult population usually in their 40’s to 60’s who are the primary caregiver for children under the age of 18, as well an aging parent(s). The pull between the two generations is one of the greatest struggles facing mid-life adults ‘sandwiched’ between caring for their developing children and their aging parents. The delicacies of balancing logistical and emotional resources among the generations can be overwhelming for sandwich generation caregivers. The resulting stress on caregivers is related to higher absenteeism from work, levels of depression, chronic fatigue, and increased rates of job burnout. As life expectancies continue to increase and parenthood continues to be delayed, more adult children will find themselves slung precariously in the middle of caregiving for people at opposite ends of the lifespan. What follows is a personal account describing the day-to-day challenges, grief, and role-reversals that are common among sandwich generation caregivers. This work aims to provide the reader insight into the unique lived experiences and delicate nature of caring for loved ones at opposing ends of the life-cycle
Narrative Therapy and Shame: A Testimony View
Get PDFThis article provides the clinician with an overview of how narrative thought can create spaces for possibilities and hope midst shame. As a part of an integrative practice, it is important for the therapist to acknowledge the impact various ideas have on the people who consult them. This testimony and other literature will be used to make a case that the existence of shame is contingent on structural assumptions of the self
Pressure pain sensitivity over nerve trunk areas and physical performance in amateur male soccer players with and without chronic ankle instability
No full textObjective: Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is reported after ankle sprain. Our aim was to assess differences in mechanical pain sensitivity of lower extremity nerve trunks and physical performance between amateur soccer players with and without CAI. Design: A cross-sectional case-control study. Setting: Amateur soccer teams. Participants: Fifty-five male soccer players, 28 with and 27 without CAI participated. Main outcome measures: The perceived instability was assessed with the Cumberland Ankle Instability Tool (CAIT). Pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) on the common peroneal and tibialis nerve trunks, vertical jump, lateral step-down test and joint position sense of the knee were assessed by a blinded assessor. Results: Soccer players with CAI showed lower PPTs over the common peroneal nerve than those without CAI (between-groups mean difference: 1.0 ± 0.8 kg/cm2, P \u3c 0.001). No differences for PPT over the tibialis posterior (P = 0.078) or any physical performance outcome (knee joint positioning sense [P = 0.798], lateral step-down test [P = 0.580] and vertical jump variables [all, P \u3e 0.310]) were found. PPT over the common peroneal nerve exhibited a significant moderate correlation with the CAIT score (r = 0.528, P \u3c 0.001). Conclusion: Amateur soccer players with CAI have higher pressure pain sensitivity over the common peroneal nerve but exhibit similar physical performance to amateur soccer players without CAI
Regenerative urban development, climate change and the common good
No full textThis volume focuses on the theory and practice of the regenerative development paradigm that is rapidly displacing sustainability as the most fertile ground for climate change adaptation research. This book brings together key thinkers in this field to develop a meaningful synthesis between the existing practice of regenerative development and the input of scholars in the social sciences. It begins by providing an expert introduction to the history, principles, and practices of regenerative development before going on to present a thorough theoretical examination by known theorists from disciplines including sociology, geography, and ethics. A section on regenerative development practices illustrates the need to significantly advance our understanding of how urbanization, climate change, and inequality interact at every scale of development work. Finally, the book ends with a serious consideration of the ways in which integrated systems thinking in higher education could result in a curriculum for the next generation of regenerative development professionals. Regenerative Urban Development, Climate Change and the Common Good will be of great interest to students, scholars, and practitioners of regenerative development, climate change, urban planning, and public policy
Perspectives of Childhood Cancer Symptom-Related Distress: Results of the State of the Science Survey
No full textManagement of symptom-related distress is an important area of pediatric oncology nursing. Participants who attended the Children’s Oncology Group (COG) State of the Science Symposium on symptom distress completed an anonymous survey. The purpose was to explore participant perceptions of symptom distress experienced by children receiving cancer treatment on clinical trials, determine how symptom distress is currently assessed at COG institutions, and to identify what interventions are used to reduce symptom distress for these children. Among the 90 symposium attendees, 72% completed the survey, the majority (92%) of whom were nurses. The five most distressing symptoms in children with cancer enrolled on clinical trials identified by survey respondents were nausea/vomiting, fatigue, pain, anxiety, and sleep disturbances. Results from our survey also suggest that symptom distress may differ by disease type. For example, symptoms associated with leukemia/lymphoma included steroid side effects, procedural pain, and neuropathy. The majority of respondents (90%) also reported that symptoms go unrecognized by health care providers. The most commonly described unrecognized symptoms were behavioral (i.e., sadness, anxiety, fear, depression, and emotional needs; 45%) and fatigue (19%). Key focus areas reported by respondents included informal and inconsistent symptom assessment, the need for uniform measurement tools, and improved documentation of symptom-related distress. Management of symptom-related distress is an important aspect of pediatric oncology nursing. Further exploration of symptom distress experienced by children with specific types of cancers, and the development of standardized symptom assessment processes, will provide a foundation for developing future interventions aimed at alleviating symptom-related distress
Enhancing Therapist Courage and Clinical Acuity for Advancing Clinical Practice
No full textConventional psychotherapy approaches are currently contending with a prospective client market that is increasingly receptive to intuitive healers, tarot card readers, and extrasensory perception or ESP practitioners. More notable, however, than the alternative sources for personal insight and growth, is the societal shift to valuing, embracing and integrating a broader range of knowledge. In this evolving context, an ever-inclusive relationship to information may demand that conventionally-ground psychotherapists consider creative means for advancing clinical practice. Creative advancement in this regard requires courage and sustained focus. Two process-level strategies for enhancing therapist courage and clinical acuity are introduced in this article