Agencia Estatal de Meteorología

Agencia Estatal de Meteorología
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    The anomalously thundery month of June 1925 in southwest Spain: description and synoptic analysis

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    In a routine search for meteorological events with a great impact on society in the Extremadura region (southwest interior of the Iberian Peninsula) using newspapers, the month of June 1925 was detected as exceptional due to the large number of thunderstorms associated with significant losses of human lives and material resources. This extraordinary month underwent a detailed examination from various complementary perspectives. Firstly, we reconstructed the history of the events, considering the most impacted locations and the resulting damage. Periodical publications, especially the widely circulated Extremadura newspaper in 1925, were pivotal in this regard. Secondly, we scrutinized monthly meteorological variables (precipitation, temperature, and cloudiness) using the lengthiest-available data series from the Iberian Peninsula. This aimed to underscore the exceptional characteristics of June 1925. Lastly, we analyzed the synoptic situation of the thunderstorm events by employing National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences/Department of Energy (NOAA/CIRES/DOE) 20th Century Reanalysis V3 (20CR) data. This approach allowed us to comprehend, from a synoptic perspective, the exceptional nature of this month. Thereby, a combination of a negative North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) situation, elevated convective available potential energy (CAPE) values, large-scale lifting, and abundant precipitable water availability in the region was revealed.This research has been supported by the Junta de Extremadura (grant nos. IB20080 and GR24049) and the Ministerio de Universidades (postdoctoral fellowship “Margarita Salas” MS-11)

    Líneas de actuación 2025-2029. Servicio meteorológico de apoyo a la navegación aérea

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    Presentación realizada en el XIII Foro de Usuarios Aeronáuticos, celebrado de forma mixta (presencial y virtual) el 16 de enero de 2025

    Empirical methods to determine surface air temperature from satellite-retrieved data

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    Surface air temperature (SAT) is an essential climate variable (ECV). Models based on remote sensing data allow us to study SAT, without the need for a large network of meteorological stations. Therefore, it allows monitoring the climate in remote and extensive areas. Niclos et al. (2014) proposed parametric equations for the SAT retrieval over the Spanish Mediterranean basins. In this study, we evaluated those equations, but in a larger area and period of study. In addition, we proposed several linear regression models and nonlinear models based on decision tree methods, non-parametric methods and neuronal networks. These models relate SAT to land surface temperature, vegetation indexes and albedo from MODIS data. Moreover, meteorological reanalysis data, from ERA5-Land database, and geographical parameters were used. The accuracy of each model was evaluated against data from meteorological stations operated by AEMET in the Spanish Mediterranean basins, during the period 2021–2022. The equations of Niclos et al. (2014) obtained a robust root mean square error (RRMSE) of 3.1 K at daytime and 1.9 K at nighttime. For the linear regression models, the RRMSE decreased to 2.3 K (1.5 K) at daytime (nighttime). Finally, the nonlinear methods, in particular XGBoost model, showed an RRMSE of 1.5 K for daytime and 1.0 K at nighttime. Therefore, the comparison between methods showed that nonlinear models, in particular those based on decision tree methods, offered the best results in SAT retrieval in our study.The study was conducted within the framework of the project Tool4Extreme PID2020-118797RBI00 funded by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion and Agencia Estatal de Investigacion (MCIN/AEI/10.130 39/501100011033). Also, we thanks the project PROMETEO/2021/016 funded by Conselleria de Educacion, Universidades y Empleo, Generalitat Valenciana, Spain

    Creación de un indicador compuesto para medir el desempeño universitario en la aplicación de la agenda 2030

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    Ponencia presentada en: XIII Congreso de la Asociación Española de Climatología celebrado en San Lorenzo de El Escorial entre el 22 y el 24 de enero de 2025.[ES]El objeto de la investigación era medir y evaluar el grado de desempeño de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid en la aplicación de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) de la Agenda 2030. La metodología empleada se basó en el “Handbook on Constructing Composite Indicators” de la OECD y el JRC para crear un indicador compuesto que permitiera resumir fenómenos complejos de manera simple, comparar entre actores similares con facilidad, y ofrecer información representativa. Las fuentes de los datos empleadas fueron diversas: fuentes online; consultas directas mediante los canales ofrecidos por la Universidad; entrevistas a actores relevantes de la Universidad con diferentes perfiles, experiencias y aproximaciones a la temática; obtención directa de datos mediante la observación in situ; y una encuesta dirigida mediante el Observatorio del Estudiante de la Universidad. Para la definición de los indicadores, un grupo de 30 investigadores e investigadoras de diferentes facultades utilizaron tres niveles de análisis de la actividad universitaria: campus, docencia e investigación, discursos y prácticas institucionales. Como resultado de ello se establecieron indicadores para cada uno de estos tres niveles de análisis referidos a todos los ODS. Tras el proceso de normalización, ponderación y agregación se consolidó un indicador compuesto de más de 450 indicadores, tanto cuantitativos como cualitativos, divididos equitativamente en los tres niveles de análisis. Únicamente para una tercera parte de estos indicadores se obtuvieron datos fiables en el primer año de aplicación (2024). El resultado del indicador compuesto en estas condiciones concedió a la Universidad un grado de desempeño medio-bajo.[EN]The purpose of the research was to measure and evaluate the degree of performance of the Complutense University of Madrid in the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agenda. The methodology used was based on the ‘Handbook on Constructing Composite Indicators’ of the OECD and the JRC to create a composite indicator that could summarise complex phenomena in a simple way, compare between similar actors easily, and provide representative information. The data sources used were diverse: online sources; direct consultations through the channels offered by the University; interviews with relevant actors at the University with different profiles, experiences and approaches to the subject; direct data collection through on-site observation; and a targeted survey through the University's Student Observatory. To define the indicators, a group of 30 researchers from different faculties used three levels of analysis of university activity: campus, teaching and research, institutional discourses and practices. As a result, indicators were established for each of these three levels of analysis for all SDGs. The normalisation, weighting and aggregation process resulted in a consolidated indicator comprising more than 450 indicators, both quantitative and qualitative, divided equally between the three levels of analysis. For only one third of these indicators were reliable data obtained in the first year of implementation (2024). The composite indicator result under these conditions gave the University a medium-low performance rating

    OceanUCA: operational oceanographic and atmospheric system to improve coastal observation and forecasting in Andalucia. WRF model implementation

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    Ponencia presentada en: XIII Congreso de la Asociación Española de Climatología celebrado en San Lorenzo de El Escorial entre el 22 y el 24 de enero de 2025.[ES]El proyecto OceanUCA se enfoca en desarrollar una plataforma operativa destinada a optimizar las herramientas actuales creadas por la Universidad de Cádiz, integrando nuevos sistemas de observación y modelos numéricos de alta resolución, tanto atmosféricos como hidrodinámicos, configurados para alcanzar la máxima resolución a lo largo de la costa andaluza. Un elemento clave de esta plataforma es la implementación del modelo Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) en modo operativo, lo que permitirá automatizar los procesos de preprocesamiento y ejecución rutinaria para generar pronósticos atmosféricos detallados. Este proyecto busca mejorar los recursos computacionales existentes para satisfacer las necesidades sociales, impulsado por el aumento de la resolución espacio-temporal de los modelos. Esto permitirá respuestas efectivas a desafíos ambientales costeros específicos, como derrames de petróleo, olas de calor marinas y atmosféricas, y el seguimiento de eventos extremos. El sistema tiene como objetivo detectar los efectos del cambio climático, potenciar la protección ambiental, facilitar la conservación de los recursos naturales, desarrollar productos de alerta temprana y mejorar las previsiones a corto, medio y largo plazo. Además, la plataforma permitirá un uso óptimo de los servicios ecosistémicos costeros y apoyará la toma de decisiones por parte de instituciones y partes interesadas mediante el monitoreo de los procesos marinos y atmosféricos en la región.[EN]The OceanUCA project focuses on developing an operational platform to enhance the current tools created by the University of Cádiz, integrating new observational systems and high-resolution numerical models (both atmospheric and hydrodynamic) configured to achieve maximum resolution along the Andalusian coast. A key component of this platform is the implementation of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model in operational mode, which will automate preprocessing and routine execution processes to produce detailed atmospheric forecasts. The project will improve existing computational resources to address societal needs, driven by the increasing spatiotemporal resolution of the models, allowing for effective responses to specific coastal environmental challenges such as oil spills, marine and atmospheric heat waves, and extreme event tracking. This system aims to detect climate change effects, enhance environmental protection, facilitate natural resource conservation, develop early-warning products, and improve short, medium, and long-term forecasts. The platform will enable optimal use of coastal ecosystem services and assist decision-making by institutions and stakeholders through the monitoring of marine and atmospheric processes in the area.This work had the support of national funds through Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), under the project LA/P/0069/2020 granted to the Associate Laboratory ARNET https://doi.org/10.54499/LA/P/0069/2020 and UID/00350/2020 CIMA https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDB/00350/202

    Efecto del clima para el turismo de Costa Esmeralda, Veracruz México

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    Ponencia presentada en: XIII Congreso de la Asociación Española de Climatología celebrado en San Lorenzo de El Escorial entre el 22 y el 24 de enero de 2025.[ES] Para ONU Turismo, el turismo de sol y playa es un segmento esencial de la industria turística global, se enfoca en la búsqueda de recreación y entretenimiento en lugares con sol, mar y arena, incluye una variedad de actividades relacionadas con el mar y la playa, con alta demanda durante los meses estivales en el hemisferio norte. Es un mercado altamente influyente a nivel mundial. En el estado de Veracruz este sector impacta de manera positiva a su economía. Se desarrolló un estudio de caso, para la transferencia de conocimiento con el sector turismo ante las condiciones de cambio climático en el marco del proyecto CLIMAR -fortalecimiento de la investigación, innovación y transferencia de conocimientos sobre cambio climático y turismo en las instituciones de educación superior-. El proyecto local está divido en tres fases, siendo esta la primera. Se realizó un análisis para condiciones actuales y para escenarios de cambio climático, se estudió la oferta-demanda del sector en función del costo de viaje para una aproximación económica y la huella de carbono, se presentan y discuten resultados de la fase uno.[EN] Sun and beach tourism is an essential segment of the global tourist industry according to United Nations Tourism, it focuses on finding recreation and entertainment in places with sun, sea and sand, includes a variety of activities related to the sea and beach, with high demand during the summer months in the northern hemisphere. It is a highly influential market worldwide. This sector has a positive impact on Veracruz state economy. A Case study developed for the transfer of knowledge with the tourism sector in the context of climate change conditions within the framework of the CLIMAR project -strengthening research, innovation and knowledge transfer on climate change and tourism in higher education institutions. There are three phases on the local project, this being the first. The current climate conditions and climate change scenarios was analyzed, the supply-demand of the sector was studied in terms of travel costs for an economic approach and carbon footprint, and phase one results were presented and discussed

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