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The International Collaboration of Pharmacy Journal Editors (ICPJE) Formally Constituted to Foster Quality Around Clinical and Social Pharmacy Practice Research Publications
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Water, Wind, and Drama at Dobbs Ferry
No full textA classic spring afternoon unfolds with strong gusts stirring the Hudson River into whitecaps crashing against the shoreline, as a northbound Metro-North train bound for Poughkeepsie glides along the water-level route, departing New York City and hugging the rugged riverbank. The One World Trade Center can be seen on the distant NYC skyline. // Spring 202
Does Digital Screen Exposure Have an Impact on the Ocular Health of Children and Adolescents?
No full textThe increasing prevalence of digital screens among children and adolescents raises significant concerns regarding their ocular health. This paper reviews current evidence linking screen time to visual health issues, particularly myopia (nearsightedness), dry eye syndrome, and digital eye strain. Through a comprehensive literature review of observational studies, the analysis identifies a strong correlation between excessive screen time and the exacerbation of myopia and dry eye disease, particularly in younger populations. The findings highlight the importance of balanced screen time and suggest that early exposure to screens may significantly increase the risk of developing myopia. Further research is also recommended to explore the underlying mechanisms of these associations and to establish guidelines for safe screen use among children
Neonatal Immune System Development
No full textThe immune system is essential for the body’s function and survival, consisting of two main components, the innate and adaptive immune systems. This paper will explore the various components of the neonatal immune system, such as the innate and adaptive or acquired systems, the initial colonization of microbes, and the crucial role of maternal antibodies. Additionally, this paper will delve into the significance of breastfeeding, the influence of different birth methods on gut microbiota, and the success of vaccines on neonates. This research paper’s goal is to provide insight into neonatal immune system development, the various factors that have an effect, and the measures that can be taken to protect neonates from bacteria and infectious diseases. Doctors and scientists are still learning about the development of the neonatal immune system. Further research is necessary in order to gain a better understanding of how a neonate’s immune system works and to help inform best practices for maternal and neonatal health
Pcrv in an Intranasal Adjuvanted Tobacco Mosaic Virus Conjugate Vaccine Mediates Protection From Pseudomonas Aeruginosa via an Early Th1/Th17 Skewed Localized and Systemic Immune Response.
No full textMulti-drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) infections are a growing problem for at-risk populations, causing thousands of deaths per year, and novel therapies to treat or prevent severe PA infection are desperately needed. We developed a novel intranasal (IN) protein subunit vaccine using tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) as a vaccine delivery platform. Recombinant PcrV (rPcrV) was covalently linked to TMV and delivered IN with the adjuvant curdlan (TMV-PcrV+c). IN delivery of TMV-PcrV+c elicited significantly higher anti-PcrV antibody titers than unadjuvanted TMV-PcrV and rPcrV with or without adjuvant, and it provided significantly greater protection from lethal pneumonic infection with PA compared to all other groups. The protective vaccine formulation elicited anti-PcrV IgA in the lungs, while anti-PcrV IgG1 in the serum was associated with survival after infection. Following infection, TMV-PcrV+c immunization was associated with early IL-17 and IFN-γ secretion in the lungs and later IL-17 secretion in the spleen. This corresponded with a rapid, but transient recruitment of neutrophils to the lungs of vaccinated mice compared to unvaccinated controls, which was followed by an increase in the number of lung macrophages. This is indicative of a Th1/Th17 response mediating localized and systemic inflammation to clear the PA infection while limiting host-derived tissue damage, ultimately enhancing protection. As a vaccine antigen, PcrV did not confer complete protection, so we evaluated OprF and OprI as part of a multivalent vaccine. However, these additional antigens did not enhance protective efficacy despite generating high antibody titers. Overall, TMV-PcrV+c is a promising vaccine candidate that elicits specific antibodies, localized IFN-γ secretion and IL-17 secretion both locally and systemically after PA challenge, phagocyte recruitment to the infection site, and protection against a lethal dose of PA in a pneumonic disease model
Dysregulated Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle Metabolism Is Associated With Right Ventricular Maladaptation in Pulmonary Vascular Disease
No full textBACKGROUND: Right ventricular (RV) maladaptation to elevated pulmonary afterload is the primary determinant of outcomes in pulmonary artery (PA) hypertension; however, the pathobiological mechanisms underlying RV decompensation remain poorly understood. METHODS: We performed global untargeted metabolomics on plasma from 55 patients who underwent gold-standard RV-PA coupling measurements using multibeat pressure volume loop assessment in a single-center cohort and from 1027 patients with coupling surrogate measurements in a larger multicenter cohort, the PVDOMICS (Pulmonary Vascular Disease Phenomics) study. Age and sex-adjusted linear regression was performed to identify associations between metabolites and coupling metrics. Additionally, we performed a metabolic flux analysis using gene expression data from RV tissue in an independent cohort of 32 patients. Partial least squares–discriminant analysis was used to identify metabolites and reactions characteristic of the decompensated RV. RESULTS: RV-PA coupling was negatively associated with tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediate levels. Specifically, plasma α-ketoglutarate and fumarate were significantly associated with all coupling metrics in both cohorts. Metabolic flux analysis indicated that decompensated RVs exhibited aberrant TCA cycle activity, including reduced acetyl coenzyme A entry and increased lactate elimination, suggesting a shift from the TCA cycle toward glycolysis at the RV tissue level. CONCLUSIONS: We identify an association between circulating TCA cycle intermediate levels and RV-PA uncoupling in 2 independent cohorts, and dysregulated TCA cycle metabolism in decompensated PA hypertension RVs, suggesting that aberrant TCA cycle metabolism could represent a hallmark of RV maladaptation in PA hypertension. Further study of this pathway is warranted to develop novel biomarkers of RV function or RV-targeted therapies