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Addicted to the Beloved? A Comparison of Craving for and Attention to Beloved and Vape Stimuli
Get PDFPeople who are in love seem to be addicted to their beloved. People who are in love have attentional biases for the beloved and people who are addicted have attentional biases for the substance they are using. This raises the question of how similar craving and attention are for the beloved and an addictive substance. However, there are no studies that directly compared craving and attention to the beloved and addictive stimuli. The aims of the current research were to directly compare subjective emotional experiences, sustained motivated attention, and early automatic attention for the beloved and vape stimuli, in people who are both in love and vape. Participants (N = 11) were over 21 years old, in love with someone who did not vape, and vaped at least once a day. Self-reported levels of craving and valence (but not arousal) were significantly stronger for the beloved compared to vaping strangers and neutral strangers. In addition, sustained motivated attention, indicated by the late positive potential (LPP), was significantly larger for the beloved when compared to vaping and neutral strangers. Similarly, early automatic attention, indicated by an early posterior negativity (EPN), was present for the beloved compared to the vaping strangers. Subjective emotional experiences, sustained attention, and automatic attention are stronger for the beloved when compared to an addictive substance, which may mean that romantic love is even more intense than vaping addiction
Diversity and prevalence of zoonotic infections at the animal-human interface of primate trafficking in Peru
Get PDFWildlife trafficking creates favorable scenarios for intra- and inter-specific interactions that can lead to parasite spread and disease emergence. Among the fauna affected by this activity, primates are relevant due to their potential to acquire and share zoonoses - infections caused by parasites that can spread between humans and other animals. Though it is known that most primate parasites can affect multiple hosts and that many are zoonotic, comparative studies across different contexts for animal-human interactions are scarce. We conducted a multi-parasite screening targeting the detection of zoonotic infections in wild-caught monkeys in nine Peruvian cities across three contexts: captivity (zoos and rescue centers, n = 187); pet (households, n = 69); and trade (trafficked or recently confiscated, n = 132). We detected 32 parasite taxa including mycobacteria, simian foamyvirus, bacteria, helminths, and protozoa. Monkeys in the trade context had the highest prevalence of hemoparasites (including Plasmodium malariae/brasilianum, Trypanosoma cruzi, and microfilaria) and enteric helminths and protozoa were less common in pet monkeys. However, parasite communities showed overall low variation between the three contexts. Parasite richness (PR) was best explained by host genus and the city where the animal was sampled. Squirrel (genus Saimiri) and wooly (genus Lagothrix) monkeys had the highest PR, which was ~2.2 times the PR found in tufted capuchins (genus Sapajus) and tamarins (genus Saguinus/Leontocebus) in a multivariable model adjusted for context, sex, and age. Our findings illustrate that the threats of wildlife trafficking to One Health encompass exposure to multiple zoonotic parasites well-known to cause disease in humans, monkeys, and other species. We demonstrate these threats continue beyond the markets where wildlife i
Thin corridors limit wildlife: Variance of tropical carnivore distribution and habitat use in a critical rainforest corridor
Get PDFMadagascar is acclaimed for its floral and faunal endemism and biodiversity. Among the island nation\u27s most emblematic fauna are its native mammalian carnivores; they are members of the threatened and endemic Eupleridae family. The Corridor of Marojejy, Anjanaharibe-Sud Special Reserve, Tsaratanana (COMATSA) is a newly protected corridor system that faces deforestation and lacks detailed assessments of its native carnivore community. We deployed 44 motion-activated trail cameras to identify which terrestrial carnivores are found within the rainforest corridor landscape of COMATSA-Sud and Marojejy National Park, and to examine carnivore occupancy, relative activity and the impacts of habitat edge. Our sampling array operated from October 20, 2021, to February 10, 2022 (113 days) and confirmed the presence of four species in Eupleridae: Cryptoprocta ferox, Fossa fossana, Galidia elegans, and Galidictis fasciata, as well as a non-native carnivore species: Canis familiaris. We show that carnivore occurrences significantly increase with distance to forest edges. We discuss the negative impacts of forest loss on native carnivores and highlight the threats posed by the non-native carnivore C. familiaris. Our findings spotlight faunal detections across the corridor and indicate that fewer native carnivores are found in the corridor compared to nearby protected areas, suggesting that deforestation correlates with a skewed distribution of carnivore detections. Based on our data, we provide management recommendations for the protection of the forest corridor and its endemic faunal community
Relationships between Grey Matter Volume in the Bilateral Superior Frontal Gyrus and Reactive Aggression Varied by Level of Traditional Masculinity
Get PDFAlthough previous behavioral studies have associated reactive aggression (RA) and proactive aggression (PA) with traditional masculinity, further investigation is needed into the traditional masculinity-linked neuroanatomical characteristics of RA and PA. This study analyzed the traditional masculinity-by-aggression interaction in 705 participants (350 men) by measuring grey matter volume (GMV). We have expanded on previous studies and found that traditional masculinity was not associated with RA and PA when not controlled for traditional femininity. However, the association appeared when controlling for it. Furthermore, we found significant traditional masculinity-by-RA interactions on the GMV in the bilateral superior frontal gyrus, a region known to be involved in cognitive control. When traditional masculinity scores were 1 standard deviation above the mean, there was a positive correlation between RA and the GMV in the bilateral superior frontal gyrus. Conversely, when traditional masculinity scores were 1 standard deviation below the mean, there was a negative correlation between RA and the GMV in the region. However, no traditional masculinity-linked neuroanatomical characteristics of PA were found. The results indicated that individuals with high/low traditional masculinity perceived RA as a different outcome (gain or loss) of self-control. The results supported an opportunity to develop prevention or intervention strategies for RA
umsllibraries | Posts | 2020-10-16 - 2 of 2
No full textPosted Text: Remember to get your mail-in ballot notarized! @umslpower2thepolls
Post Description:Election Day 2020 is nearly here Voting is a super power. Information about getting your ballot notarized on-campus. Bring a valid ID; ballot, and pen.https://irl.umsl.edu/instagram/1040/thumbnail.jp
umsllibraries | Posts | 2020-10-18
No full textPosted Text: Join @ https://umsystem.zoom.us/j/93307415875
Post Description:Do you need help with your Mail-in or Absentee Ballot? From Power the Pollshttps://irl.umsl.edu/instagram/1041/thumbnail.jp
umsllibraries | Reels | 2024-01-01
No full textPosted Text: Happy New Year, Tritons! May your year be filled with joy, prosperity, and new opportunities. Let go of the past and stride confidently toward the right direction! #UMSL #UMSLLibraries #NewYearPost Description: Shared on New Year’s Day 2024, this video lists the UMSL Library’s holiday break hours.https://irl.umsl.edu/instagram/1011/thumbnail.jp
Capturing biomarkers associated with Alzheimer disease subtypes using data distribution characteristics
Get PDFLate-onset Alzheimer disease (AD) is a highly complex disease with multiple subtypes, as demonstrated by its disparate risk factors, pathological manifestations, and clinical traits. Discovery of biomarkers to diagnose specific AD subtypes is a key step towards understanding biological mechanisms underlying this enigmatic disease, generating candidate drug targets, and selecting participants for drug trials. Popular statistical methods for evaluating candidate biomarkers, fold change (FC) and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), were designed for homogeneous data and we demonstrate the inherent weaknesses of these approaches when used to evaluate subtypes representing less than half of the diseased cases. We introduce a unique evaluation metric that is based on the distribution of the values, rather than the magnitude of the values, to identify analytes that are associated with a subset of the diseased cases, thereby revealing potential biomarkers for subtypes. Our approach, Bimodality Coefficient Difference (BCD), computes the difference between the degrees of bimodality for the cases and controls. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach with large-scale synthetic data trials containing nearly perfect subtypes. In order to reveal novel AD biomarkers for heterogeneous subtypes, we applied BCD to gene expression data for 8,650 genes for 176 AD cases and 187 controls. Our results confirm the utility of BCD for identifying subtypes of heterogeneous diseases
Space Nazis - The Specific Connections Between Star Wars and Nazi Germany
Get PDFStar Wars has been a pop culture hallmark ever since its release. However, its undertones and political themes have often been overlooked, and the connections between those undertones and themes to real world events have been obscured. This presentation reveals the connections between Star Wars and the historical events in the context of Nazi Germany