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Unraveling the Truth: The Wannsee Conference and Holocaust Denial
Get PDFThe Wannsee Conference, held in January 1942, marked a crucial turning point in the Holocaust, as it signified the Nazi regime\u27s decision to systematically exterminate Europe\u27s Jewish population on an industrial scale. This poster presentation examines the role of the Wannsee Conference in Holocaust denial narratives and the portrayal of the conference in the critically acclaimed film, Conspiracy (2001). I discuss how Holocaust deniers use the Wannsee Conference to argue against the existence of a plan to exterminate Jews or to suggest that the conference never took place. Through an analysis of the conference transcript, I demonstrate its significance in establishing the collaboration between various Nazi agencies in implementing the Final Solution and its importance as evidence during post-WWII trials of Nazi war criminals. Our findings challenge Holocaust denial narratives by highlighting the use of subtle language and innuendo in the Wannsee protocol, which allowed Nazi officials to discuss the extermination plan without explicitly mentioning it. This poster presentation contributes to understanding the historical memory of the Holocaust and refuting Holocaust denial claims
I Hate Illinois Nazis: Remembering Hate Speech and the First Amendment in Skokie, Illinois
Get PDFIn 1976, the leader of the Illinois chapter of the National Socialist Party of America (neo-Nazis) sent over 30 requests to hold demonstrations in various areas of Chicago. The village of Skokie was the only one to respond, denying their request. The Nazis sued the city, claiming their freedom of speech was being impeded. The resulting court case has had lasting legal and social consequences that continue to define the meaning of both free speech and hate speech in the United States
Magneto’s Origin in the Holocaust and how it Influences His Character Today
Get PDFMarvel\u27s Magneto was created in 1963, originally with no connection to the Holocaust. However that changed in the late 1970\u27s when his origin was reworked to make him a Jewish Holocaust survivor. That origin persists to this day and is explored in modern media produced by Marvel, both film and comic-wise
The Roaring Lion of Berlin: The Life, Thought, and Influence of Eugen Dühring
Get PDFThe life and influence of 19th-century German polymath Eugen Dühring remain but a mere footnote in the history of ideas, being primarily relegated to the status of little more than a theoretical rival to Marxism in the German socialist movement and the occasional object of Freidrich Nietzsche\u27s rhetorical flogging. Despite the current consensus on the subject, Eugen Dühring was a scholar of vast, remarkable learnedness, contributing greatly to philosophy, economics, and the natural sciences. The aim of this talk will be to clear the fog surrounding the life and work of the controversial blind scholar and give an account of the extraordinarily idiosyncratic legacy he left behind
The Effect of Variation of N-Substituents on Oxidopyridinium Ions in (4+3) Cycloadditions
Get PDFThe aim of this research project is to expand the scope of 4 + 3 cycloadduct chemistry by varying functional groups attached to the prerequisite oxidopyridinium ion for each respective cycloadduct product. While N-substitution of the pyridinium precursor is known to proceed smoothly if alkylated by a lone methyl group, we evaluated the effect a larger alkyl group would have on the overall yield of the 4 + 3 cycloadduct product.
Isobutyl triflate, generated from the known reaction between isobutyl alcohol and triflic anhydride, was reacted with ethyl 5-hydroxy-nicotinate to generate the respective N-isobutyl oxidopyridinium ion in quantitative yield, which subsequently underwent a 4 + 3 cycloaddition reaction with 2,3-dimethylbutadiene to generate the desired 4 + 3 cycloadduct in 67% yield. Furthermore, we experimented with N-acyl substitution of the oxidopyridinium ion in 4 + 3 cycloaddition reactions. (Trans)-2-phenylcyclohexyl 2-chloroacetate, derived from (trans)-2-phenylcyclohexanol, and chloroacetyl chloride using a known literature procedure, were reacted with ethyl 5-hydroxy-nicotinate to generate the respective N-acyl oxidopyridinium ion in quantitative yield, which subsequently underwent a 4 + 3 cycloaddition reaction with 2,3-diemethylbutadiene to generate the desired 4 + 3 cycloadduct in 28% yield.
While we were able to cleanly obtain the desired 4 + 3 cycloadduct products for each derivative, reaction condition modifications are necessary to improve the overall yields for each new compound. Future research could include modifying the conditions of the aforementioned reactions to achieve better results and running these reactions with different substituents to obtain new derivatives of the (4+3) cycloadduct product
An Investigation of the Sub-Lethal Impacts to Pollinators from Pesticides
Get PDFIn order to feed a growing global population, agricultural practices must utilize pesticides to maintain high yields. Responsible use of pesticides should be based on literature confirming their efficacy and safety. When pesticides are not adequately investigated prior to their release, there can be severe consequences. Many highly effective pesticides, such as the class neonicotinoids, were allowed to be used commercially prior to thorough assessment of their environmental risks, resulting in consequences that largely have fallen to the exposed pollinator populations. To avoid similar outcomes, I tested the popular biopesticide Botanigard which contains Beauveria bassiana, an entomopathogenic fungus previously exposed as contributing to reduced survival and cognitive abilities in honeybees and bumblebees. I am investigating this biopesticide to assess its impacts on the two critical sub-lethal aspects of bumblebee (Bombus impatiens) colonies: learning ability, and division of labor. Using a field-realistic risk assessment design, only a subset of foragers received a topical pesticide dose, and each tested colony received two sets of doses over the experimental period. This mimics the actual circumstances a foraging bee might become exposed to pesticides naturally. Individual learning was assessed using the Free-Moving Proboscis Extension Response (FMPER) test, and colony division of labor was assessed using daily behavioral point samples. This is the first test of its kind investigating both the social and cognitive effects of this particular pesticide on bumblebees at both the colony and individual level. These tests revealed a significant, negative effect on individual scores on the FMPER learning test. As learning is vital to the establishment of pollinator colonies and especially to their ability to forage well and safely, any pesticide that contributes to a learning deficit for pollinating insects should be investigated further. These results, among other notable changes to Botanigard-treated colonies, prove the importance of developing robust and field-realistic pesticide risk assessments that investigate more than simply lethality, and include tests for a variety of sub-lethal impacts
Teaching Adults with Developmental Disabilities to Ask Why?
Get PDFMands for information play an important role in language development and are important for successfully acquiring new information from one’s environment. Still, many individuals cannot effectively ask Wh- questions to mand for information, even though they may have extensive tact, intraverbal, and receptive language skills. Recently, Valentino et al. (2019) investigated procedures to teach the MFI “Why?” to children with language delays under the control of the establishing operation and examined the extent to which teaching resulted in generalization. The purpose of this study was to extend Valentino et al. protocol with three adults with developmental disabilities. The procedure involved six “Why?” scenarios with the controlling variable being EOs and the consequence being specific reinforcement. Generalization to new scenarios was demonstrated with all participants. Results showed that the mand training procedure resulted in the establishment of the MFI for all participants replicating Valentino et al.’s result with adults with developmental disabilities
Evaluating Behavioral Skills Training to Improve Data Collection Procedures in Paraprofessionals
Get PDFWhen working with individuals with a variety of abilities and disabilities, data collection becomes arguably the most important tool in ensuring student success and growth. To put trust in collected data, both data reliability and treatment integrity must be considered. When one individual is taking all data required for a specific individual, reliability and integrity can be simpler to ensure (Vollmer et al., 2008). However, in many special education classrooms across the country, paraprofessionals are asked to perform many of the same data collection tasks as certified educators; a role which, as in many of the roles they serve within the school environment, they receive limited training in how to perform. Furthermore, the teachers who support them are often not prepared to continue to offer training and support (Brock & Carter, 2015; Fisher & Pleasants, 2012; Mason et al., 2021). The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of behavioral skills training to improve data collection skills in paraprofessionals
Screening for Depression Post Acute Coronary Syndrome
Get PDFBackground: Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and depression have profound impacts on patient outcomes. Patients who experience ACS are at increased risk of developing depression, which is associated with an increased risk of death and recurrent cardiac events. The evidence following ACS events promotes routine depression screening. The purpose of this project was to identify early depression in patients 65-99 years of age who had a recent diagnosis of ACS during their hospitalization.
Methods: This quality improvement (QI) project was a prospective descriptive observational design implementing a depression screening protocol to evaluate post-ACS referrals within 7-14 days of screening from February 2024 to May 2024. A convenience sample was utilized. Participants were 65-99 years of age who had a diagnosis of ACS during their hospitalization, met the criteria for a specific department hospital readmission reduction program (HRRP), and were discharged home. Exclusion criteria were not having an ACS diagnosis during hospitalization, did not meet the criteria for the HRRP, and were not discharged home. Data collected included age, history of depression, gender, ACS diagnoses, PHQ-2 and PHQ-8 scores.
Results: There were (N=18) patients who met criteria for this project. There were (N=19) screening opportunities for depression due to one patient having two hospitalizations. Of these, (n=13; 68.4%) screening opportunities were completed, and of those, (n=1; 7.7%) screened positive, which made data analysis for intervention follow-up not possible. There was no significant relationship between gender and PHQ-2 scores (r (11) =.453, p=.120).
Implications for Practice: Implementing a depression screening protocol to potentially improve health outcomes following ACS and collaborating with the PCP could contribute to early identification and treatment for depression
Fear, Distress, and Dissociation: Correlates of Physiological Hyporeactivity After Interpersonal Victimization
Get PDFBackground and Objective: Despite consistent findings of high reactivity to trauma cues in PTSD, there exists a consistent subset of physiological nonresponders who exhibit more complex and severe posttraumatic symptomatology. Research has identified different patterns of defensive reactivity representing Fear (core) and Distress (complex) PTSD symptoms. However, no studies have directly compared responders and nonresponders on physiological and clinical symptoms posttrauma.
Method: 66 adult women who had experienced first-degree sexual or physical assault within the last month were categorized using heart rate reactivity (HRR) to two personalized trauma scripts. Participants exhibiting negative HRR to both scripts were classified as nonresponders (n = 29), while those showing positive HRR to either script were considered responders (n = 37).
Analyses: A robust 2x5 mixed ANCOVA compared HRR between responder types and across two trauma-based and three trauma-unrelated script conditions, and Mann-Whitney U tests compared clinical symptom profiles between the two groups. Two decision tree models were assessed to compare the performance of a model composed of Fear and Misery (a composite of Distress and depression) and determine if adding state and trait dissociation to the model improved the ability to predict nonresponders.
Results: Responders and nonresponders showed significant HRR differences only to their trauma scripts, although their patterns of reactivity differed across script conditions. Comparisons revealed no statistically significant differences in Fear, Distress, or depression symptoms; however, values trended in hypothesized directions, with responders showing higher Fear and nonresponders showing greater levels of Distress and depression. Decision tree analyses indicated that the complex model was more accurate in predicting nonresponders, with trait dissociation as the most important variable.
Conclusions: Results provide preliminary evidence that physiological nonresponders exhibit different posttraumatic profiles and may benefit from modified treatments. Group differences may have been obscured by sample size limitations and high inter- and intra-participant variability in responders. Future research is needed to replicate results and further investigate complex patterns of dissociation within responder types