NUI Maynooth Eprint Archive
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Nudge the judge? Theorizing the interaction between heuristics, sentencing guidelines and sentence clustering
No full textAlthough it has long been acknowledged that heuristics influence judicial decision making,
researchers have yet to explore how sentencing guidelines might interact with heuristics to
shape sentencing decisions. This article contributes to addressing this gap in the literature
in three ways: first, by considering how heuristics might help produce the phenomenon of
sentence clustering, in which a significant proportion of sentences are concentrated around
a small number of outcomes; second, by reflecting on the role of sentencing guidelines as a
feature of the environment within which sentencing decisions are made; and third, by analysing
the guidelines from Minnesota and from England and Wales, theorizing how their content
might interact with heuristics to make clustering more or less likely. Ultimately, we argue that
sentencing guidelines likely affect the role played by heuristics in shaping sentencing decisions
and, consequently, that their design should be informed by research evidence from the decision
sciences
Decoding and Recoding Game Making Events for Diversity, Inclusion and Innovation
No full textA report of findings and outputs from the Network in Play and ReFiG research project
To What Extent Does the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) Apply to Citizen Scientist-Led Health Research with Mobile Devices?
No full textIn this article, we consider the possible application of the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) to “citizen scientist”-led health research with mobile devices. We argue that the GDPR likely does cover this activity, depending on the specific context and the territorial scope. Remaining open questions that result from our analysis lead us to call for lex specialis that would provide greater clarity and certainty regarding the processing of health data by for research purposes, including these non-traditional researchers
Gender violence and national telenovelas: a critical diagnosis - Violência de gênero e telenovelas nacionais: Um diagnóstico crítico
No full textO artigo apresenta um diagnóstico dos últimos dezenove anos de representação da violência de gênero em telenovelas nacionais, pensando essas produções ficcionais em consonância com o contexto sociojurídico brasileiro de combate às violações de mulheres. Trata-se de um balanço crítico composto por um corpus de 21 novelas, que investiga as representações de agressões contra mulheres para além da fachada do merchandising social, isto é, dos núcleos dramáticos que pretenderam debater e educar sobre esse problema público. Ao fim, demonstram-se os sofisticados mecanismos narrativos que edificam e sustentam imagens dissidentes da violência de gênero, ora interpretada como sofrimento, ora como castigo necessário
Community development and financialization: making the connections
No full textThe current period of finance-driven capitalism, which can be broadly dated from the mid-1970s, has had profound implications for community development. Yet there is relatively little sustained engagement with research on financialized capitalism in community development circles. Bringing together writers and activists from a variety of contexts, the purpose of this special issue is to demonstrate the significance of financialization and its connections, on various levels, to community development globally. This introductory article synthesizes the insights of our contributors with scholarship from the fields of critical political economy, economic and historical sociology, and social movement studies, among others. In doing so, it analyses the diverse and variegated ways financialized capitalism is affecting communities’ access to public resources, affordable housing, safe and stable livelihoods, and a clean and healthy environment. We also highlight how the complexity and depth of financialization, and the extent to which it relies on highly specialized and inaccessible forms of knowledge to reproduce itself, impacts on community development as a form of praxis. The institutional cover provided to the system of finance by states and international financial institutions, and by certain NGOs and community organizations, has deeply embedded financialization at macro, micro and meso levels of the economy and society. However, while financialization places profound and often insurmountable constraints on community development’s democratic ideals, some of our contributors have pointed to possible ways forward. These are characterized by intensive popular education, political engagement and action. We also outline these in the hope that the special issue will contribute to more discussion of these vital processes and stimulate further purposive action
Best practice when working with suicidal behaviour and self-harm in primary care: a qualitative exploration of young people’s perspectives
No full textObjectives: General practitioners (GPs) have a key role in supporting young people who present with suicidal behaviour/self-harm. However, little is known about young people's opinions and experiences related to GPs' practices for such presentations, and their decisions to disclose suicidal behaviour/self-harm to GPs. Additionally, existing guidelines for the management of suicide risk and/or self-harm have not incorporated young people's perspectives. This study aimed to explore young people's views and experiences related to the identification, assessment and care of suicidal behaviour and self-harm in primary care settings with GPs.
Design, setting and participants: Two qualitative focus groups were conducted in Perth, Western Australia, with 10 young people in total (Mage = 20.67 years; range: 16-24). Data were collected using a semistructured, open-ended interview schedule and analysed using thematic analysis.
Results: Five major themes were identified from the focus groups. (1) Young people wanted a collaborative dialogue with GPs, which included being asked about suicidal behaviour/self-harm, informed of treatment processes and having autonomy in decision making; (2) young people were concerned with a loss of privacy when disclosing suicidal behaviour/self-harm; (3) young people viewed labels and assessments as problematic and reductionist-disliking the terms 'risk' and 'risk assessment', and assessment approaches that are binary and non-holistic; (4) young people highlighted the importance of GPs' attitudes, with a genuine connection, attentiveness and a non-judgemental demeanour seen as paramount; and (5) young people wanted to be provided with practical support and resources, followed-up, and for GPs to be competent when working with suicidal behaviour/self-harm presentations.
Conclusions: Our study identified several concerns and recommendations young people have regarding the identification, assessment and care of suicidal behaviour/self-harm in primary care settings. Taken together, these findings may inform the development of resources for GPs, and support progress in youth-oriented best practice
A Note on the Reproducibility of Chaos Simulation
No full textAn evergreen scientific feature is the ability for scientific works to be reproduced. Since chaotic systems are so hard to understand analytically, numerical simulations assume a key role in their investigation. Such simulations have been considered as reproducible in many works. However, few studies have focused on the effects of the finite precision of computers on the simulation reproducibility of chaotic systems; moreover, code sharing and details on how to reproduce simulation results are not present in many investigations. In this work, a case study of reproducibility is presented in the simulation of a chaotic jerk circuit, using the software LTspice. We also employ the OSF platform to share the project associated with this paper. Tests performed with LTspice XVII on four different computers show the difficulties of simulation reproducibility by this software. We compare these results with experimental data using a normalised root mean square error in order to identify the computer with the highest prediction horizon. We also calculate the entropy of the signals to check differences among computer simulations and the practical experiment. The methodology developed is efficient in identifying the computer with better performance, which allows applying it to other cases in the literature. This investigation is fully described and available on the OSF platform
Analysis of IIR Filters by Interval Response
No full textThe classical theory of signal processing assumes that the designed IIR filters are continuous and have infinitely accurate coefficients. However, when developing filters for real-world digital signal processing tasks, it is necessary to take into account the finite precision of the coefficients representation, especially considering the fixed-point arithmetic. In this paper, we propose a new approach, which we call the interval size approach, making it easy to evaluate the actual digital filter response for various fixed-point arithmetic parameters. We provide Illustrative examples to demonstrate the frequency response bounds evolution as an order, cutoff frequency, and signal frequency are varying. We show that the interval size can be used as a well-suited accuracy factor of a digital filter
Impact of long-term resource variations on wave energy Farms: The Icelandic case
No full textFour decades (between 1979 and 2018) of the wave energy resource around Iceland are analysed in the present paper via the ERA5 reanalysis, the newest reanalysis of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. While the overall long-term wave trend observed is unremarkable, particularly between the last two decades, in the northern area, near Greenland, a substantial increase of the wave energy resource is detected. In addition, an exceptional decade (between 1989 and 1998) with an extraordinarily high wave energy resource (increasing over 15% with respect to the previous decade) is observed, which emerges due to high values of the indices corresponding to teleconnection patterns, such as the Arctic Oscillation or the East Atlantic pattern. This increase of the total wave energy resource results in more frequent extreme events (up to 35% of the total resource) and, as a consequence, the exploitable wave energy (excluding these extreme events) does not increase proportionally. However, a substantial impact on WEC average power generation is observed, with over 500 kW of difference between two subsequent decades in a WEC farm of 45 devices, meaning that the analysis of long-term resource variations is crucial for an accurate design of different components in the WEC farm