University of North Carolina School of Law

North Carolina Journal of Law & Technology

NORTH CAROLINA JOURNAL OF LAW & 
TECHNOLOGY 
Volume 24 Issue 3 Article 1 
4-1-2023 
Front Matter 
North Carolina Journal of Law & Technology 
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 Part of the Law Commons 
Recommended Citation 
North Carolina Journal of Law & Technology, Front Matter, 24 N.C. J.L. & TECH. (2025). 
Available at: https://scholarship.law.unc.edu/ncjolt/vol24/iss3/1 
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English

Front Matter

Stancil, Hayley

Buoying Statehood: The Impact of Rising Sea Levels on Statehood in International Law

North Carolina Banking Institute

NORTH CAROLINA BANKING 
INSTITUTE 
Volume 27 Issue 1 Article 4 
3-1-2023 
In Remembrance: Paul Jerome Polking (1937-2022) 
North Carolina Banking Institute 
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 Part of the Law Commons 
Recommended Citation 
North Carolina Banking Institute, In Remembrance: Paul Jerome Polking (1937-2022), 27 N.C. BANKING 
INST. (2023). 
Available at: https://scholarship.law.unc.edu/ncbi/vol27/iss1/4 
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09 - IN MEMORANDUM  (DO NOT DELETE) 2/5/23 10:56 PM 
  
 
 
 
In Remembrance: Paul Jerome Polking (1937-2022) 
          In 2004, the Center for Banking and Finance honored Paul Polking as one of 
the first three recipients of the Center’s Leadership Award. Paul had just retired as 
General Counsel of Bank of America, having begun his bank counsel career as the 
second lawyer at North Carolina National Bank (NCNB) in 1970 (following a stint 
at the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency right out of law school) and 
becoming General Counsel of the bank in 1988. During the course of Paul’s 
extraordinary career, he and the bank played a significant role in knocking down the 
barriers to geographic expansion for banks and their holding companies, 
invigorating federal preemption of state laws by nationally chartered banks, and 
expanding the products and services that could be offered by banks outside of 
traditional bank products.1 At the time of Paul’s retirement, he had helped build 
Bank of America into the bank with the most deposits in the United States and the 
first bank with a nationwide branch system. Paul remained understated and self-
effacing while aggressively seeking out every edge to assist his bank client in its 
remarkable growth. 
           We remember Paul for his constant support for the Center for Banking and 
Finance. He served on the Board of Advisors from its formation in 1996 until 2010, 
in some years as a member of the Steering Committee.  In 2010, he assumed 
 
1 For a longer account of Paul’s accomplishments as General Counsel of 
Bank of America and its predecessors see Lissa L. Broome, The Legal Giants that 
Propelled North Carolina Banks to National Prominence: Paul J. Polking, Marion 
A. Cowell, and Jerone C. Herring, 8 N.C. BANKING INST. 119, 122-28 (2004). 
09 - IN MEMORANDUM.DOCX  (DO NOT DELETE) 2/5/23  10:56 PM 
102 NORTH CAROLINA BANKING INSTITUTE [Vol. XX 
 
Emeritus Member status, which continued until his death in December 2022 from 
complications from lung cancer. Godspeed and rest in peace. 


In Remembrance: Paul Jerome Polking (1937-2022)

North Carolina Law Review

NORTH CAROLINA LAW REVIEW 
Volume 101 Number 4 Article 1 
5-1-2023 
Contents 
North Carolina Law Review 
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 Part of the Law Commons 
Recommended Citation 
North Carolina Law Review, Contents, 101 N.C. L. REV. (). 
Available at: https://scholarship.law.unc.edu/nclr/vol101/iss4/1 
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accepted for inclusion in North Carolina Law Review by an authorized editor of Carolina Law Scholarship 
Repository. For more information, please contact law_repository@unc.edu. 
 
North Carolina Law Review 
VOLUME 101 MAY 2023          ISSUE 4 
 
CONTENTS 
ARTICLES 
REVENUE, RACE, AND THE POTENTIAL UNINTENDED 
CONSEQUENCES OF TRAFFIC ENFORCEMENT 
REFORM ................................................................... Beth A. Colgan  889 
 
LEFT BEHIND, AGAIN: INTELLECTUAL 
DISABILITY AND THE RESENTENCING 
MOVEMENT ................................................................ Katie Kronick 959 
 
ABOLISHING JUVENILE INTERROGATION ............... Samantha Buckingham 1015 
 
ADVERSARIAL ELECTION ADMINISTRATION ..................... Rebecca Green  1077 
 
TRAGEDY OF THE DIGITAL COMMONS ........................ Chinmayi Sharma 1129 
 
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS 
THE PRINTED PUBLICATION BAR AND THE PRICE OF PUBLICLY 
AVAILABLE INFORMATION   ................................................. Leah Ehler 1229 
 
THE “SOLE SHAREHOLDER” SHIELD: HOW THE SUPREME 
COURT OF NORTH CAROLINA NARROWED THE SCOPE OF 
THE PUBLIC RECORDS ACT AND LIMITED GOVERNMENT 
ACCOUNTABILITY   .................................................... Katrina Hauprich 1245 
 


Yang, Tiffany

Public Profiteering of Prison Labor

Gold, Allyson E.

Insuring Justice

Siegal, Brooke

NORTH CAROLINA JOURNAL OF LAW & 
TECHNOLOGY 
Volume 24 Issue 4 Article 5 
5-1-2023 
The Emergence of "New" Organs: A Proposal to Regulate 
Bioprinting Technology Under the Medical Device Framework 
Brooke Siegal 
Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.unc.edu/ncjolt 
 Part of the Law Commons 
Recommended Citation 
Brooke Siegal, The Emergence of "New" Organs: A Proposal to Regulate Bioprinting Technology Under the 
Medical Device Framework, 24 N.C. J.L. & TECH. 117 (2023). 
Available at: https://scholarship.law.unc.edu/ncjolt/vol24/iss4/5 
This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Carolina Law Scholarship Repository. It has been 
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The Emergence of  New  Organs: A Proposal to Regulate Bioprinting Technology Under the Medical Device Framework

NORTH CAROLINA JOURNAL OF LAW & 
TECHNOLOGY 
Volume 25 Issue 1 Article 1 
10-1-2023 
Front Matter 
North Carolina Journal of Law & Technology 
Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.unc.edu/ncjolt 
 Part of the Law Commons 
Recommended Citation 
North Carolina Journal of Law & Technology, Front Matter, 25 N.C. J.L. & TECH. (2023). 
Available at: https://scholarship.law.unc.edu/ncjolt/vol25/iss1/1 
This Front Matter is brought to you for free and open access by Carolina Law Scholarship Repository. It has been 
accepted for inclusion in North Carolina Journal of Law & Technology by an authorized editor of Carolina Law 
Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact law_repository@unc.edu. 
NORTH CAROLINA JOURNAL OF 
LAW & TECHNOLOGY 
 
 
VOLUME 25, ISSUE 1 
OCTOBER 2023 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Published by: 
 
University of North Carolina School of Law 
Chapel Hill, North Carolina 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ii 
GENERAL INFORMATION 
The North Carolina Journal of Law & Technology is an exclusively online 
publication edited by the students of the University of North Carolina, School of 
Law. The North Carolina Journal of Law & Technology publishes four issues per 
volume: two in the fall (October and December) and two in the spring (March and 
May). Articles are available on the Journal’s web page at https://ncjolt.org/ and 
through Lexis-Nexis, Westlaw, and HeinOnline subscription services. All editing 
and layout of the Journal is done using Microsoft Word.  
The full texts and abstracts of previously published North Carolina Journal of 
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contains general information about the Journal; information on how to submit 
articles, notes, and comments for publication; and the N.C. JOLT Blog, a 
collection of short posts about new developments at the intersection of law and 
technology written by the Journal’s staff members.  
 
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Copyright © 2023, North Carolina Journal of Law & Technology.  
All rights reserved. 
 
BACK ISSUES 
Back issues and complete sets of the North Carolina Journal of Law & 
Technology may be ordered directly from William S. Hein & Co., 1285 Main 
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iii 
PUBLICATION INFORMATION 
The text and citations of the North Carolina Journal of Law & Technology 
conform to THE BLUEBOOK: A UNIFORM SYSTEM OF CITATION (Columbia L. Rev. 
Ass’n et al. eds., 21st ed. 2020). Please cite this issue of the North Carolina 
Journal of Law & Technology as 25 N.C. J.L. & TECH. ___ (2023). Materials cited 
“on file with the North Carolina Journal of Law & Technology” will be retained 
for a maximum of five years from date of publication.  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
iv 
SPONSORS 
 
The North Carolina Journal of Law & Technology would like to thank 
the generous contributors who have helped make this journal possible: 
 
 
Benefactors: 
 
 
 
 
 
Jeffrey M. Hirsch, Geneva Yeargan Rand  
Distinguished Professor of Law 
UNC School of Law 
 
 
Patrons: 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
This publication is funded in part by Student Fees that were 
appropriated and disbursed by the Student Government at 
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and the Student Bar 
Association of the University of North Carolina School of Law. 
 
 
v 
BOARD OF ADVISORS 
ALESSANDRA L. DEIORIO –– Wyrick Robbins Yates & Ponton, LLP; N.C. JOLT  
Managing Editor, Vol. 24 
MEREDITH K. DOSWELL –– Hunton Andrews Kurth LLP; N.C. JOLT  
Editor-in-Chief, Vol. 23 
KAITY Y. EMERSON — Moore & Van Allen PLLC; N.C. JOLT Managing Editor,  
Vol. 22 
AARON R. HARMON — Clinical Assistant Professor, Qatar University College  
of Law, Doha-Qatar; N.C. JOLT Editor-in-Chief, Vol.8; N.C. JOLT Faculty  
Advisor, 2011-2014 
JEFFREY M. HIRSCH –– Geneva Yeargan Rand Distinguished Professor of Law, 
University of North Carolina School of Law; N.C. JOLT Faculty Advisor 
SARAH B. KIRSCHBAUM — Boyd Collar Nolen Tuggle & Roddenbery, LLC; N.C.  
JOLT Editor-in-Chief, Vol. 22 
ERIN LARSON — DLA Piper; N.C. JOLT Editor-in-Chief, Vol. 19 
TOD LEAVEN — Grimes Teich Anderson, LLP; N.C. JOLT Editor-in-Chief,  
Vol.11 
JUSTIN MANN — Advanced Accelerator Applications; N.C. JOLT Managing  
Editor, Vol. 15 
JARED A. MARK –– Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe LLP; N.C. JOLT  
Editor-in-Chief, Vol. 24 
MARY U. MUSACCHIA — Mary U. Musacchia, PLLC; Original Board Member 
ALEX RUTGERS — Legal Aid of North Carolina; N.C. JOLT Editor-in-Chief,  
Vol. 21 
GABBY E. SUPAK –– Law Clerk to the Honorable Mark A. Davis, North Carolina 
Business Court; N.C. JOLT Managing Editor, Vol. 23 
RANDY WHITMEYER — Morningstar Law Group; N.C. JOLT Board Member 
 
 
 
 
 
 
vi 
VOLUME 25, 2023–2024 
 
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF 
JULIA R. VAUGHAN-JONES 
 
 
EXECUTIVE EDITOR 
HAYFA AYOUBI 
 
WEB EDITOR 
CHLOE C. PICCHIO 
 
SYMPOSIUM EDITORS 
ALEXIS C. BENSON 
MCKENNA A. FONO 
MANAGING EDITOR 
MARGARET MCGEE ROMAN 
 
PUBLICATION EDITOR 
SOPHIA M. VOUVALIS 
 
SENIOR ARTICLES EDITOR 
DOROTHY E. MCGEE 
 
ARTICLES EDITORS 
WESTON P.A. BARKER 
MORGAN E. HOYT 
ANDREAS C. MYERS 
MELISSA L. ZALESKI 
 
 
NOTES EDITORS 
RACHEL E. COUTINHO 
AUSTIN D. KAMER 
 
YASMIN M. KHODAEI 
BROOKE R. SIEGAL
 
 
STAFF MEMBERS 
WALEED K. ALKOOR 
THOMAS J. BETZ 
BENJAMIN M. BROWN 
ALBERTO R. BUFALINO 
SUZANNE M. CAMP 
SIMON C. CAWLEY 
ETHAN L. CLARK 
SCOTT M. FINNEY 
SEAN P. GAFFNEY 
JUSTIN M. GILES 
CAROLINE G. KLOSTER 
 
 
ZHE LIU 
ABRAHAM M. LOVEN 
ALISSA M. MASINI 
OLIVIA NIERI 
CASEY SCOFIELD 
DANIEL C. SELF 
JAY N. SHERRILL 
KEVIN A. SOLARI 
BRYNN C. STORY 
ANDREW M. WATERS 
 
 
 
 
 
vii 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
viii 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 
 
Impossibility of Emergent Works’ Protection in the U.S. and the 
E.U. Copyright Law 
By Matt Blaszczyk ..................................................................... 1 
 
 
How to Remedy Post Covid Pandemic Setbacks in Bridging the 
Digital Divide 
By Rob Frieden ......................................................................... 57 
 
 
Climate Change and Biotechnology 
By Donald T. Hornstein & Eli D. Hornstein ............................ 109 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  


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Front Matter

Buoying Statehood: The Impact of Rising Sea Levels on Statehood in International Law

In Remembrance: Paul Jerome Polking (1937-2022)

Contents

Public Profiteering of Prison Labor

Insuring Justice

The Emergence of New Organs: A Proposal to Regulate Bioprinting Technology Under the Medical Device Framework

Front Matter

Gene-Edited Crops and Food and the Bold Path Forward in U.S. Trade Agreements

We Keep Us Safe, Venmo Doesn\u27t: The Impact on Peer-to-Peer Payment Apps on Mutual Aid and Community Organizing

9,445

9,571