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The Effect of Ballistic Training on Punch Kinetics and Endurance in Trained Boxers
Get PDFStrength and conditioning coaches are becoming increasingly aware of the importance of sport-specific movements when designing and implementing training programs for power development. The use of ballistic training (BT) for combat athletes, such as boxers, is growing in popularity, however there is a paucity of research on the effect of this method on punching kinetics and endurance. This study examined changes in punch kinetics and endurance following a six-week BT intervention. Forty-five participants (male n = 28, female n = 17; mean age = 28 ± 6.0 years, height = 1.8 ± .1 m, mass = 83.4 ± 15.2 kg) with a mean boxing experience of 11.3 ± 7.9 months were recruited for the study. Participants were sorted by self-reported boxing experience and then randomly assigned to either a control (CONTR) or experimental (BT) group. Participants in the BT group completed supervised training involving loaded ballistic exercises twice per week for six weeks. CONTR group participants completed supervised training twice per week for six weeks, with unloaded exercises performed at a slow and controlled tempo. Participants’ punch kinetics and endurance were examined before and after the 6-week training period using force plates. Results’ showed a 30% increase in maximum punch force (PFmax; p \u3c 0.001) and a 44% increase in rate of force development (RFD; p \u3c 0.001) in the BT group, throughout the 6-week training period. In contrast, CONTR group participants showed no change in PFmax and RFD over the course of the study. Increases in PFmax occurred despite no significant change in lead and rear foot forces. Although PFmax, the average of the PFmax across all punches within the first and third minutes, was shown to significantly increase in the BT group, a similar decrement in force output was observed between both groups post-intervention. Thus, BT exhibited little effect on punching endurance. The ability to produce high power outputs has been identified as a key variable in boxing performance. Consequently, power development should be a priority for strength coaches working with combat athletes. These coaches should consider how punch kinematics relates to force transmission. A distinct advantage of BT is its versatility as a training stimulus, whereby exercises aim to enhance force characteristics while replicating the movement patterns of the sporting task. The present data supports this notion and the inclusion of BT within a speed-strength phase prior to competition should be considered by coaches working with combat athletes
Individuals with Substance Use Disorders: Lived Experiences, Perceptions of Daily Life, and Behavioral Health Services
Get PDFThere are macro and micro level impacts associated with substance use disorders ranging from significant spending by the United States government at a societal level, to changes in neuroanatomical structures and body functions, as well as psychosocial and functional impacts for the individual. While occupational therapy practitioners are approved behavioral health service providers research indicates there is a lack of understanding regarding the need for and role of occupational therapy for individuals with substance use disorders. This study utilized a phenomenological qualitative design to learn about the lived experiences, as well as the perceptions of daily life and current behavioral health services, of individuals with substance use disorders. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five participants, recruited through convenience sampling. Results showed participants’ lived experiences included a pervasive cycle of drug and/or alcohol use, chronic emotional distress, and varying motivators for sobriety. Participants’ daily lives included occupying time with meaningful activity, giving up control, and meeting expectations by fulfilling roles and responsibilities. Most participants lived in the moment and presented with difficulty establishing long-term goals. While participants felt their current behavioral health services were meeting their immediate needs, they expressed a desire for individuality and trust from counselors. Based on these findings, occupational therapy’s role may be the provision of client-centered services focusing on long term health and wellness, adaptive habits and use of time, and facilitating planning and achievement of long-term occupational goals in order to foster enhanced success in maintaining sobriety
(Un)affirming assimilation: depictions of dis/ability in health textbooks
No full text© 2020, Emerald Publishing Limited. Purpose: In light of the systemic and pervasive nature of ableism and how ableist ideology structures – or limits – educational opportunities, this paper aims to contribute to the ongoing conversation within the field of multicultural education regarding how to meaningfully include dis/ability in K-12 curricula. Design/methodology/approach: This paper explores how elementary and middle school health textbooks from two prominent publishers in the USA portray dis/ability through quantitative and qualitative content analysis methods of 1,468 images across texts. Findings: Findings indicate that the majority of the textbook portrayals of dis/ability tacitly forward assimilationist ideals. Specifically, the textbooks assume and speak to a normatively-abled reader, pointing out those with dis/abilities as different from the reader. Additionally, mainstream or normative markers are provided as evidence of success and those with dis/abilities who have been successful as such are positioned as overcoming their limitations. Practical implications: Such portrayals stifle the possibility of social transformation by reinforcing and privileging dominant, ableist views. Therefore, teachers are recommended to take steps that might counter such messages in curricular materials and teacher educators are called on to support these efforts. Originality/value: This paper extends the tradition of curricular analysis as one of the first studies to examine the portrayals of dis/ability in US health textbooks and offer practical implications for educators
Bright carbonate veins on asteroid (101955) bennu: Implications for aqueous alteration history
No full text© 2020 American Association for the Advancement of Science. All rights reserved. The composition of asteroids and their connection to meteorites provide insight into geologic processes that occurred in the early Solar System. We present spectra of the Nightingale crater region on near-Earth asteroid Bennu with a distinct infrared absorption around 3.4 micrometers. Corresponding images of boulders show centimeters-thick, roughly meter-long bright veins. We interpret the veins as being composed of carbonates, similar to those found in aqueously altered carbonaceous chondrite meteorites. If the veins on Bennu are carbonates, fluid flow and hydrothermal deposition on Bennu\u27s parent body would have occurred on kilometer scales for thousands to millions of years. This suggests large-scale, open-system hydrothermal alteration of carbonaceous asteroids in the early Solar System
Immigrant Generation, School Procedural Justice, and Educational Attainment
No full text© 2019 Alpha Kappa Delta: The International Sociology Honor Society There is much educational concern about the disproportionate punishment of racial/ethnic minority students within U.S. public schools. Research evidence indicates that school punishment exacerbates the already-known racial/ethnic inequalities within the educational system. What remains uncertain is if and how school punishment, justice, and fairness are moderating educational attainment for the children of immigrants. This study utilizes data from the Education Longitudinal Study of 2002 and incorporates multilevel analysis to examine how school punishment, justice, and fairness influence the educational attainment of children of immigrants. The study draws on straight-line and segmented assimilation frameworks to evaluate variation in these effects by immigrant generation. Findings do suggest that improved school procedural justice and fairness could enhance educational attainment as well as ameliorate the detrimental impact of school punishment; however, these patterns are segmented by immigrant generation and race/ethnicity
Asteroid (101955) Bennu\u27s weak boulders and thermally anomalous equator
No full text© 2020 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License 4.0 (CC BY-NC). Thermal inertia and surface roughness are proxies for the physical characteristics of planetary surfaces. Global maps of these two properties distinguish the boulder population on near-Earth asteroid (NEA) (101955) Bennu into two types that differ in strength, and both have lower thermal inertia than expected for boulders and meteorites. Neither has strongly temperature-dependent thermal properties. The weaker boulder type probably would not survive atmospheric entry and thus may not be represented in the meteorite collection. The maps also show a high-thermal inertia band at Bennu\u27s equator, which might be explained by processes such as compaction or strength sorting during mass movement, but these explanations are not wholly consistent with other data. Our findings imply that other C-complex NEAs likely have boulders similar to those on Bennu rather than finer-particulate regoliths. A tentative correlation between albedo and thermal inertia of C-complex NEAs may be due to relative abundances of boulder types
Re-envisioning music teacher education: An investigation into curricular change at two undergraduate music education programs in the U.S.
No full text© 2019, © 2019 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. The coursework requirements for an undergraduate music education degree in the U.S. have remained relatively unchanged since the early twentieth-century. In light of the changing milieu of the twenty-first century music learner, some scholars and researchers have suggested redesigning particular components of the music education degree. A few universities in the U.S. have reacted by implementing changes to their undergraduate music education curricula. The purpose of this research was to investigate two established music education degree programs in the U.S. where the faculty had redesigned their curricula, while extracting similarities and differences among them. Qualitative data were collected through interviews and observations. Lewin’s (1947) Change Theory was used as the framework guiding the investigation. There were four main themes extracted from these data: (1) faculty- directed process, (2) tension, (3) impetus, and (4) outcomes. Implications for the field of music education and suggestions for policy are provided in conclusion
‘English proficiency matters’: ESL learning as a vocational behavior among former korean college student-athletes on dropping out of athletic programs
No full text© 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This study utilizes a critical phenomenological approach and adopts concepts of linguistic hegemony and linguistic capital, to explore the life course stages of former Korean college student-athletes who dropped out of athletic programs and who faced vocational challenge but obtained successful careers in their ideal career fields through improving their English proficiency. The three primary scholarly themes include: (a) typical English level and vocational challenges due to the lack of English proficiency; (b) the journey to gain English proficiency; and (c) English proficiency as a vehicle for entering desired career fields. Although this study identified the ways in which participants found avenues through gaining linguistic capital, linguistic hegemony is deeply ingrained into the Korean social structures and into their education systems, society, and culture. Therefore, this study critiques these ongoing structural problems to promote positive social change in the future
Classification of Parkinson\u27s disease and essential tremor based on balance and gait characteristics from wearable motion sensors via machine learning techniques: A data-driven approach
No full text© 2020 The Author(s). Background: Parkinson\u27s disease (PD) and essential tremor (ET) are movement disorders that can have similar clinical characteristics including tremor and gait difficulty. These disorders can be misdiagnosed leading to delay in appropriate treatment. The aim of the study was to determine whether balance and gait variables obtained with wearable inertial motion sensors can be utilized to differentiate between PD and ET using machine learning. Additionally, we compared classification performances of several machine learning models. Methods: This retrospective study included balance and gait variables collected during the instrumented stand and walk test from people with PD (n = 524) and with ET (n = 43). Performance of several machine learning techniques including neural networks, support vector machine, k-nearest neighbor, decision tree, random forest, and gradient boosting, were compared with a dummy model or logistic regression using F1-scores. Results: Machine learning models classified PD and ET based on balance and gait characteristics better than the dummy model (F1-score = 0.48) or logistic regression (F1-score = 0.53). The highest F1-score was 0.61 of neural network, followed by 0.59 of gradient boosting, 0.56 of random forest, 0.55 of support vector machine, 0.53 of decision tree, and 0.49 of k-nearest neighbor. Conclusions: This study demonstrated the utility of machine learning models to classify different movement disorders based on balance and gait characteristics collected from wearable sensors. Future studies using a well-balanced data set are needed to confirm the potential clinical utility of machine learning models to discern between PD and ET
Watching the detectives: The multiple lives of academic editing
No full text© 2020 American Psychological Association. There are as many approaches to academic editing as there are editors. I suspect that for those of us who make editing a large part of our professional lives, it is also a constantly evolving process of learning, adapting, and, sometimes, improvising. I have served as an editor of books and journals for the last 18 years, including a term as editor of this journal. My statements here reflect my thoughts about editing academic journals, although the principles I employ are operative in all forms of my editorial work