5026 research outputs found
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Cooperation and spillovers in healthcare R&D: Theory and evidence
No full text© 2020 Elsevier B.V. This study tests the hypothesis that the research and development activity that is taking place in medical schools will influence the research and development activity that is occurring in hospitals, and vice-versa. To do so, we present a game in which the flow (short run) and level (long run) of research and development activities in medical schools determines the flow and level of research and development endeavors in hospitals (and vice-versa). The division of labor that occurs in our game entails the specialization in basic research by medical schools that leads to application and refinement of the results from that work by hospital practitioners. In turn, the refinements made by hospital practitioners informs further medical school research. Empirical support for our hypothesis is provided using data from the Association of American Medical Colleges, the Association for Healthcare Philanthropy and the National Science Foundation
Meet the Panelist for the African American Portraits of Leadership Event: Michaela Leggett
No full textMichaela Leggett, the Digital Media Journalist for WRBL, was a guest speaker at Columbus State University Libraries\u27 Portraits of Leadership event on February 18, 2021.https://csuepress.columbusstate.edu/marketing/1068/thumbnail.jp
How to earn your $100 well-being credit recording
No full textA well-being and benefits presentation that provides information on new USG offerings to earn the well-being credit
Modelling the impact of plasma therapy and immunotherapy for recovery of COVID-19 infected individuals
No full textSince the first case of COVID-19 was detected in Wuhan, China in December 2019, COVID-19 has become a pandemic causing a global economic and public health emergency. There is no known treatment or vaccine available for COVID-19 during the initial period of the outbreak. Immunotherapy and plasma therapy has been used with satisfactory efficacy over the past two decades in many viral infections like SARS (Systemic Acute Respiratory Syndrome), MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) and H1N1. Limited data from China show clinical benefit, radiological resolution, reduction in viral loads and improved survival. We aim to create a mathematical model for COVID-19 transmission and then apply various control parameters to see their effects on recovery from COVID-19 disease. We have formulated a system of non-linear ordinary differential equations, calculated basic reproduction R and applied five different controls (self-isolation, quarantine, herd immunity, immunotherapy, plasma therapy) to test the effectiveness of plasma therapy. Control optimality was checked by Lagrangian functions. Numerical simulations and bifurcation analysis were carried out. The study concludes that the COVID-19 outbreak can be controlled up to a significant level in three weeks after applying all the control strategies together. These strategies lead to reduction in hospitalization and a rise in recovery from infection. Immunotherapy is highly effective initially in hospitalized infected individuals however better results were seen in the long term with plasma therapy
Decreased Case Fatality Rate of COVID-19 in the Second Wave: A study in 53 countries or regions
No full textThe raw case fatality rate (CFR, the reported number of COVID-19 deaths divided by the total number of cases) is an important indicator to quantify the severity or treatment efficacy. In many countries, the pandemic had experienced two waves to date. To our knowledge, no studies have compared the CFR between the two waves. In this work, we reported the CFR of 53 countries or regions with the highest COVID-19 death tolls. Of them, 43 had lower CFR estimates in the ongoing second wave than in the first wave. We discussed the possible reasons. Also, we compared the two-wave pattern of COVID-19 with those of influenza. Influenza activities in the pre-pandemic era provided an indicator for seasonality of climate in a country. The sharp drop in influenza activities in 2020 could an indicator of the effects of social distancing
Business cycles and tourism imports in the South Pacific
No full textThe demand for international tourism in Australia and New Zealand is vital to the South Pacific’s tourism-reliant islands. However, at the time of this study these two countries find themselves in precarious economic situations. The question addressed by this study is, will tourism imports in these two countries pick up on the back of economic recovery? We answer this question using time-difference analysis and the newly developed Hamilton filter. The short answer is yes, but more so in New Zealand than Australia. The key findings of this study are that tourism demand in both Australia and New Zealand is pro-cyclical, tourism demand cycles in New Zealand strongly lag business cycles by 1 year, whereas in Australia, they weakly lag business cycles by one quarter, and, overall, tourism demand and business cycles in New Zealand share a stronger association than they do in Australia
Modelling COVID-19 transmission in the United States through interstate and foreign travels and evaluating impact of governmental public health interventions
No full textBackground: The first case of COVID-19 was reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The disease has spread to 210 countries and has been labelled as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). Modelling, evaluating, and predicting the rate of disease transmission is crucial in understanding optimal methods for prevention and control. Our aim is to assess the impact of interstate and foreign travel and public health interventions implemented by the United States government in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A disjoint mutually exclusive compartmental model was developed to study transmission dynamics of the novel coronavirus. A system of nonlinear differential equations was formulated and the basic reproduction number R0 was computed. Stability of the model was evaluated at the equilibrium points. Optimal controls were applied in the form of travel restrictions and quarantine. Numerical simulations were conducted. Results: Analysis shows that the model is locally asymptomatically stable, at endemic and foreigners free equilibrium points. Without any mitigation measures, infectivity and subsequent hospitalization of the population increased. When interstate and foreign travel was restricted and the population placed under quarantine, the probability of exposure and subsequent infection decreased significantly; furthermore, the recovery rate increased substantially. Conclusion: Interstate and foreign travel restrictions, in addition to quarantine, are necessary in effectively controlling the pandemic. The United States has controlled COVID-19 spread by implementing quarantine and restricting foreign travel. The government can further strengthen restrictions and reduce spread within the nation more effectively by implementing restrictions on interstate travel
Comparative analysis reveals the expansion of mitochondrial DNA control region containing unusually high G-C tandem repeat arrays in Nasonia vitripennis
No full textInsect mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) ranges from 14 to 19 kbp, and the size difference is attributed to the AT-rich control region. Jewel wasps have a parasitoid lifestyle, which may affect mitochondria function and evolution. We sequenced, assembled, and annotated mitochondrial genomes in Nasonia and outgroup species. Gene composition and order are conserved within Nasonia, but they differ from other parasitoids by two large inversion events that were not reported before. We observed a much higher substitution rate relative to the nuclear genome and mitochondrial introgression between N. giraulti and N. oneida, which is consistent with previous studies. Most strikingly, N. vitripennis mtDNA has an extremely long control region (7665 bp), containing twenty-nine 217 bp tandem repeats and can fold into a super-cruciform structure. In contrast to tandem repeats commonly found in other mitochondria, these high-copy repeats are highly conserved (98.7% sequence identity), much longer in length (approximately 8 Kb), extremely GC-rich (50.7%), and CpG-rich (percent CpG 19.4% vs. 1.1% in coding region), resulting in a 23 kbp mtDNA beyond the typical size range in insects. These N. vitripennis-specific mitochondrial repeats are not related to any known sequences in insect mitochondria. Their evolutionary origin and functional consequences warrant further investigations
The Archival Advocate (Spring 2021)
Get PDFIn this issue: Grant Award Challenge Grant New Acquisitions Pleasant Phillips Diary Staff Highlights Found in the Archives Rare Book Cornerhttps://csuepress.columbusstate.edu/archives_newsletters/1002/thumbnail.jp