4823 research outputs found
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Prescription Drug Misuse in Racial and Ethnic Minorities: Prevalence and Predictors
Full text linkThe United States (U.S.) is currently facing a complex epidemic of prescription drug misuse (PDM). Previous literature lacks information on the prevalence of PDM in racial and ethnic minorities (REM) and associated precipitating variables. The current review aims to build upon the limited research regarding REM engagement in PDM and the associated variables. This examination identified and summarized: 1) contemporary research on the prevalence of PDM in REM, 2) major variables associated with PDM in this subpopulation, and 3) current evidence-based treatments for PDM. The review revealed mixed results related to the prevalence of PDM in REM. Previous research believed the PDM epidemic to be dominated by White individuals, more recent research supports increased instances of PDM among REM. Recent national surveys found REM PDM to be increased and, in some instances, equal to- or higher than White individuals PDM. Major predictors related to PDM include residential instability, rural living, and perceived discrimination. REMs are also exposed to increased substance use health disparities and are at risk of experiencing negative PDM outcomes. Attitudes related to PDM were found to be positive or neutral. The relationship between exposure to PDM media and attitudes needs further research as PDM exposure continues to increase in media. Across PDM treatment, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) was found to be the most common treatment. Involvement of REM in PDM research highlights the continued importance of increased inclusion of REM individuals within PDM research, examination of relevant psychosocial variables, and further assessment of treatment efficacy for REMs
A Mental Health Needs Assessment of Students Attending an Alternative High School
Full text linkResearch suggests that students who attend urban or alternative schools experience higher rates of poverty, family instability, and violence victimization. These risk factors can result in higher rates of depression, school absences, and lower academic performance. This needs assessment explores the mental health needs of students at a low-income, urban, alternative high school in Southern California from the perspective of students, teachers, and staff in order to better understand the stressors and mental health needs of this vulnerable population. Four focus groups were conducted with students (n = 9), teachers (n = 7), and staff (n = 13). Audio files were transcribed and two independent coders examined the transcripts and developed a codebook. Two additional coders coded the transcripts using the codebook and the themes were frequency coded. The goal was to identify stressors students at alternative schools face and their impact. The results will help inform the design of future behavioral health interventions to support students and teachers at the school’s wellness center
The Effects of Fear on Biomechanics in Healthy and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstructed Individuals
Full text linkRupture of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a prevalent and debilitating injury arising from aberrant biomechanics during landing or deceleration tasks. While the mechanism of injury is known, rates of ACL injury and reconstruction remain high. A potential explanatory factor for the high rate of injury is kinesiophobia, which has been associated with poor outcomes and deleterious biomechanics during dual-limb tasks in ACL reconstructed (ACLr) females. Unfortunately, findings have been limited to dual-limb tasks and correlational analyses. Therefore, the purpose of this project was to examine the relationship between kinesiophobia and movement during dual- and single-limb tasks, and to investigate the direct acute effects of pain-related fear on movement in a population of ACLr and healthy females. Fifteen recreationally active females with a history of ACLr and 17 recreationally active females with no history of ACLr took part. Participants completed the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia (TSK-11) survey and subsequently performed 5 trials of a drop jump (DJ), single-limb landing (SLL), and single-limb hop (SLH) (Baseline), underwent a pain stimulus (PS) familiarization to induce pain-related fear, and performed a subsequent round of DJ while under threat of PS (PS-threat). Lower extremity and trunk kinematics and ground reaction force (GRF) data were analyzed. In the ACLr group, there was a strong negative correlation between kinesiophobia and knee flexion (r = -.592, p = .20) and between kinesiophobia and trunk flexion (r = -.724, p = .002) during the DJ. For the SLH, there was a strong positive correlation between kinesiophobia and hip flexion (r = .560, p = .03). For both groups, the PS intervention significantly increased pain-related fear (ACLr
Allen Leslie Ham (1889-1974)
No full textAllen Lester Ham was born in 1889 and died in 1974. At the time of the 1946 General Conference Session he was president of the Southern Asia Division.https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/general-conference-1946-gallery/1006/thumbnail.jp
Della Francis and Herbert Martin Hanson
No full textDella Francis (1897-1981) and her husband Herbert Martin Hanson (1894-1966) were missionaries to Ethiopia. Della served as housekeeper to emperor Haile Selassie. She spoke about her experience during the Second Sabbath Afternoon Mission Symposium.https://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/general-conference-1946-gallery/1008/thumbnail.jp
Self-Perceived Social Communication Perspectives of Autistic Young Adults: A Phenomenological Qualitative Study
Full text linkSocial communication differences in autistic individuals have historically been viewed as disordered due to a comparison to the social behavior of the predominate nonautistic neurotype. Such comparison has led to a variety of social communication challenges that result in a variety of cognitive and affective reflections in autistic adults. The study aimed to explore two specific concepts: 1) the self-perceived challenges related to social communication and interaction of autistic young adults and 2) the cognitive and affective impact of their social communication challenges. This study explores the perspectives of 15 autistic young adults who are conversation-level verbal communicators. Individual semi-structured interviews were presented via Zoom video conference. An interpretive phenomenological approach was used to analyze the data. A total of eight themes emerged between the two studies that provided insight on their social communication experiences. The findings suggest that participants desired greater acceptance and inclusivity of autistic social communication. When considering the role of the Speech-Language Pathologist, this research suggests a shift towards a social-relational model of disability to guide their relationship with clients, and potential clients, who are autistic adults. This model of disability charges the professional to advocate for sociopolitical changes while providing direct support services, based on their needs, to target disabling effects related to social communication challenges
Titanium Particles within Mucosa during Non-Surgical Implant Debridement
Full text linkTitanium implants affected by peri-implantitis lesions are often treated non-surgically with various instruments, which may produce titanium particles that can become lodged within the peri-implant mucosa. Thus, a foreign body reaction may ensue. The aim is to assess the embedment of titanium particles into soft tissues from titanium implants via a stainless-steel ultrasonic scaler (SSU) versus a titanium hand scaler (TH). Sand-blasted, large grit, acid-etched surface-treated titanium implants were implanted into pig legs after creating peri-implantitis defects. Each implant was subjected to only one instrument type. Sequential strokes were conducted followed by thorough irrigation with sterile water. Soft tissue curettage was not conducted. The surrounding soft tissue was then removed, prepared, and analyzed with a hemocytometer under a light microscope to ultimately determine the mean total number of metallic particles present in each group. Soft tissue samples were also analyzed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and elemental analysis (EDS). The mean titanium particle count based on the hemocytometer squares as well as the mean total number of titanium particles based on the samples in each group were significantly higher when scaled with the SSU as compared with the TH. SEM and EDS subsequently confirmed the presence of titanium within the soft tissue. Photomicrographs of the scaled implant surfaces depicted altered surface topography. Within the limitations of this study, the SSU and TH were both able to produce and embed titanium particles within the adjacent peri-implant mucosa. However, the SSU produced significantly more embedded titanium particles than the TH
Harnessing Blood Clot Removal Mechanisms after Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage
Full text linkGerminal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) is one of the leading causes of morbidity, mortality, and acquired infantile hydrocephalus in preterm infants in the United States, with little progress made in its clinical management. Blood clots have been shown to elicit secondary brain injury after GMH, by disrupting normal cerebrospinal fluid circulation and absorption after germinal matrix hemorrhage causing post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus development. Current evidence suggests that rapid hematoma resolution is necessary to quickly improve neurological outcomes after hemorrhagic stroke. N-formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2), a G-protein-coupled receptor, has been shown to be neuroprotective after stroke. FPR2 activation has been associated with the upregulation of phagocytic macrophage clearance, yet its mechanism has not been fully explored. Recent literature suggests that FPR2 may play a role in the stimulation of scavenger receptor CD36. Scavenger receptor CD36 plays a vital role in microglia phagocytic blood clot clearance after GMH. FPR2 has been shown to activate extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), which promotes the transcription of the dual-specificity protein phosphatase 1 (DUSP1) gene. Our data suggests that FPR2 activation enhances hematoma resolution and improves neurological deficits. Our central hypothesis is that FPR2 stimulation enhances microglia induced hematoma resolution through the activation of the p-ERK(1/2)/DUSP1/CD36 signaling pathway, thereby improving short- and long-term neurological outcomes. Aim 1 investigated the role of FPR2 in enhancing hematoma resolution, thereby improving neurological function following GMH. Aim 2 investigated FPR2-induced activation of the p-ERK/DUSP1/CD36 signaling pathway after GMH. The long-term goal of this proposal is to provide a basis for clinical translation of FPR2 stimulation as an effective non-invasive therapeutic strategy to protect against acute and chronic complications in the GMH patient population. FPR2 stimulation improved short-term hematoma resolution and motor coordination, which was reversed by FPR2 antagonist Boc2 and FPR2 CRISPR. FPR2 stimulation attenuated long-term neurocognitive deficits and post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus, which was reversed by pharmacological inhibition. Furthermore, FPR2 stimulation increased the expression of the proposed signaling pathway, which was then inhibited by pharmacological inhibition and gene knock-down of FPR2. Thus, our study presents a non-invasive therapeutic target for the treatment of GMH
Care of the Heart
Full text linkTable of Contents
Features14 | Campus of cardiac care18 | The hearts of women22 | Cardiopulmonary rehab24 | Robotic surgery at LLUH26 | Interventional procedures28 | St. Paisley Day30 | Heart health through nutrition
Departments4 | From the President: Health care8 | News: Clinical and campus news38 | Alumni: Serving our world44 | Annual Report: The year\u27s people and statshttps://scholarsrepository.llu.edu/scope/1220/thumbnail.jp
Congregation Affordable Housing Development: Examining Practices and the Role of Social Capital Across Urban Neighborhoods
Full text linkCurrently the United States faces a homelessness and affordable housing crisis further exacerbated by economic recession and the COVID-19 pandemic. Homelessness and housing insecurity disproportionately affects women and children, African Americans and other racially marginalized groups. Federal government disinvestment in the production of affordable housing units has led to a steep decline in stock. The U.S. history of class and race discrimination continues to impact affordable housing production through exclusionary zoning laws. In urban neighborhoods religious institutions possess both land and social assets. A growing number of religious congregations are engaged in developing under-utilized land to create affordable housing. Congregation affordable housing development occurs in partnership with a developer. Prior research studies have acknowledged the need for more systematic methodology to capture the complex nature of faith-based development partnerships and practices. This research study will describe the scope of the housing problem and the impact of government housing policies, through the historical lens of racism and segregation. A review of the literature on the phenomenon of congregation affordable housing development confirms a current gap. Research aims are to examine successful congregation affordable housing development practices and ask how do they compare to urban planning indices for achieving social impact? Secondly, what role does the congregation social capital play in the development process? This study will identify the barriers congregation development projects encountered and explore successful strategies. A convergent mixed methods research study of 33 congregation partnerships will be presented.
Keywords: congregations, faith-based, affordable housing developmen