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Legal issue due to unfair contract term: the Malaysia perspective
No full textA contract is an agreement made between the parties intended to bind one another according to
the terms set out in the agreement. The contract entered into by both parties, although, is not always fair to them,
but they have no real understanding of this issue. In Malaysia, the inadequacy of the law to restrict unfair terms
in the contract leaves room for issues concerning the inequality of bargaining power between the contracting
parties. Contracts Act 1950 is common enforcement of the law regulating contractual relationships in Malaysia
for the time being. Under the Consumer Protection Act 1999 (Amendment 2010) there are provisions governing
unfair contract terms, but the Act is specific only to the consumer, and not the community at large. The research
methodology presented in this paper is doctrinal legal research. Consequently, this paper discusses legal issues
resulting from unfair contract terms in Malaysia. Hopefully, this paper would become a contribution to the body
of knowledge and contribute towards more in-depth research in the area of law of contract
Testing the validity and reliability of drug addiction recovery instrument in male drug user in CCRC
No full textDrug addiction recovery is a fundamental factor for
drug users to restart normal life and get back to the society. It is
also a vital stage of drug treatment as it can be an indication or
evidence whether the procedures used during treatment is
suitable or not in helping addicts from drug problem. This study
has been purposely conducted as to develop a drug addiction
recovery instrument and to measure the recuperation level of
drug addicts who were treated in the rehabilitation centre. The
study is conducted to test the validity and reliability of DART
instruments involving four component consisting of DDA, DPRA,
DRA, and CMSA. Therefore, the factors contributing to drug
addiction recovery based on conceptual framework derived from
previous studies conducted by other researchers. The results
show that the DART instrument had high Cronbach's alpha
values of 0.790 (DDA), 0.873 (DPRA), 0.881 (DRA), 0.845
(CMSA). PCA analysis has been used to evaluate these items
either necessary to be retained or dropped. The results of the
study found that all the items built have met the measurement
characteristics of an instrument and can be used as a tool to
measure the drug recovery addiction level
Location area and premise size of successful edible bird nest (EBN) swiftlet houses in Terengganu, Malaysia
No full textMany entrepreneurs are very interested to start edible bird nest (EBN) swiftlet
ranching. However, majority of them lack knowledge in suitable location and premise size
factors for succesfull EBN swiftlet house. This study compare location and premise size in
coastal, rural and urban area in Terengganu to investigate factors that play a critical role
in determining the success of a swiftlet ranching venture. This study was conducted in 12
EBN swiftlet house in Terengganu namely four in coastal, rural and urban area
respectively. Locations, size of premise, number of floor and number of nest were
recorded. It was found that a 2800 (70x40) square feet 3-floor EBN swiftlet house from
the second rural area produced the highest number of nests (273 nests), whereas the
lowest number of nests harvested from the second EBN swiftlet house in urban area, that
was a 3-floor 1012 (46x22) square feet of swiftlet house. Strangely, the third EBN swiftlet
house from the urban area, the smallest EBN swiftlet house consisting of 1 floors and size
800 (40x20) square feet of swiftlet house produced the second highest number of nests
(256 nests). There is significant correlation among production of EBN with location of
swiftlet house. Location and premise size were the success factors to ensure high swiftlet
population which in term contributes to higher nest production
Monte Carlo simulation of X-ray room shielding in diagnostic radiology using PHITS code
No full textThis research was conducted to evaluate scatter distribution at an X-ray room for diagnostic
radiography using the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System (PHITS). The X-ray room
was simulated using PHITS code based on the imaging room distance and length, as well as the
control console room. The exact dimensions of the rooms were used as a geometry code in
PHITS to simulate a point source isotopically with 100 keV energy in the X-ray room. There are
three sources situated for this study which are source directed to the imaging table, inpatient
bed, and Erect Bucky. Results show that PHITS simulation and measurement have a comparable
value. The control console room is considered a safe place, based on the activation source from
the simulation and measurement of the experimental dose with a dose ranged from 0.0540 to
0.1090 µSv per exposure. The control room is safe to the operator unless the number of cases
handled is less than 11,086 cases per year. Comparison of dose distribution based on certain
points of measurement and track detection from the simulation showed an approximate result.
The dose obtained from the simulation and measurement is within the dose limits recommended by ICRP-60
The islamic credit card based on ujrah concept: conceptual review
No full textIslam is a way of life that seeks to protect the human being from financial
harm through prohibiting riba, maysir, and gharar. Islamic credit card is
one of the alternative banking products offered by Islamic financial
institutions to replace the conventional credit card. The Islamic credit
card was initially based on the Inah concept. However, this concept was
criticized by both contemporary and classical Islamic jurists, especially
in the Hambali, Maliki, and Hanafi school of thought. Therefore, some
Islamic banks of Malaysia offer a better alternative, developing the credit
card on the concept of Ujrah, which is less ambiguous among Islamic
scholars. This study will explore the background of Islamic credit card
base on the concept of Ujrah. It will then further discuss the justification
for the permissibility of the concept. Finally, this paper will highlight the
issues related to the practice of Ujrah in Islamic credit card operations.
The findings indicate that the credit cards based on Ujrah (fee) are
permitted from the Sharia perspective as long as they do not involve any
element of riba (interest). However, it involves Shariah issues on its
practice of ibra (rebate) and penalty charge. To fulfil the objectives of
the study, it will refer to the Quran, Hadith, classical Islamic
jurisprudence, juristic opinion of Islamic scholars, Shariah standards of
international Islamic standard-setting bodies, and other policy
documents of the Islamic banks
The rules of purposes and its relationship with the fundamentalist rules
No full textThe problem of research emerges in explaining the relationship between the rules of the purposes
and the fundamentalist rules، the extent of their connected and their importance for jurist to devise
provisions for cases which there is no legal text، and it aims to clarify the concept of legitimate
purposes of old and late jurists، and its importance in Islamic legislation without excessive or
inattentive، and the approach followed: describe The rules of purposes by explaining their
definition and establish them to be a guide that the jurist argues in the cases which there is no legal
text، with an indication to the manifestation of its characteristics and the most prominent benefits ،
and analyze of the relationship between them and fundamentalist rules and the statement of aspects
of agreement and separation، so the researcher reached to that the rules of purposes are a major of
rules denoted by the sum of the partial evidence and taken to the rank of independent major
evidence، and it was a valid argument and can be a valid inference by it، and it is with
fundamentalist rules are two basic pillars which the jurist is relying on in order to reach the Islamic
legal ruling that the legislator wanted and desired. And who was not full conversant in the rules of
the purposes will not be able to employ the fundamentalist rules as required
The psychological and social model for building a family in Qur'an and Sunnah in light of the modern era changes
No full textIn light of cultural, political, and economic changes and all the conflicts, crises and
transformations existed in our contemporary world, the family entity is directly affected and
exposed to many problems both positive and negative ones. And from here, the problem of this
research emerges, where it necessitated an urgent need for the Muslim family and the Muslim
community in general to know the ideal model for a family in the Qur’an and the Sunnah of the
Prophet including solutions and treatments devised by Islamic legislation for the entity of the
Muslim family and its changes throughout the ages. The importance of this research comes from
the need of the Muslim community for new visions that contribute to the stability of the family
and the care of its interests, and appropriate social and psychological models for the upbringing of
the generations. Moreover, due to the absence of a clear and flexible Qur'anic model in the family’s
field from the educational, media, and social reform centers curricula, the misunderstanding that
was followed by misbehavior within the family’s framework, and the impact of the variables that
led to the neglecting of the rights and duties among family members, it was necessary to write
about the topic of the family in the Qur’an and the Sunnah from more than one angle. I chose the
descriptive approach to highlight the verses and hadiths that established the rules of a happy and
stable life for the Muslim family and showing the impact of the changes in contemporary reality
on them. The results showed the need for the Muslim community today to the social solutions and
a great need to understanding the family model in Islam in addition to what scholars and specialists
have offered regarding solutions and treatments for contemporary problems
Production of Chitosan Oligosaccharides using β-glycosidic degrading enzyme: optimization using response surface methodology
No full textMany researchers have focused chitosan as a source of potential bioactive material during the past few
decades. However, chitosan has several drawbacks to be utilised in biological applications, including poor
solubility under physiological conditions. Therefore, a new interest has recently emerged on partially
hydrolysed chitosan, chitosan oligosaccharides (COS). In this study, degradation of chitosan was performed
by Cellulase from Trichoderma reesei® 1.5L and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) were employed to
optimize the hydrolysis temperature, pH, enzyme concentration and substrate concentration. Optimization
of cellulase T. reesei® using central composite design (CCD) was to obtain optimum parameters and all the
factors showed significant effects (p˂0.05). The maximum response, Celluclast® activity (1.268 U) was
obtained by assaying the process at 49.79oC, pH 4.5, 3% (v/w) of enzyme concentration and 25% (w/v)
concentration of chitosan for 24 hours
Population abundance of insect trapped on different colours of sticky trap in pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) field
No full textA study was conducted to attract insects using different colours of sticky trap in pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata)
field. Sticky trap was chosen as it is one of a method to estimate the insect population density in field as it
requires a low cost and less skilled labour. Four different colours of sticky traps (i.e. red, white, blue and yellow)
were used to determine the insect population abundance at the pumpkin field. All the traps were installed at the
height of 100 cm at a random of 1 ha of pumpkin plot with five replicates for each colour and the insect samples
were collected weekly for three months (October-December 2019). Overall, a total of 13,052 insects were
collected throughout 11 weeks of sampling. The results showed that the percentage of insect population
abundance recorded the highest was on week eight (15.01%) whilst the least abundance of insects trapped was
on week one (2.28%). The most attractive colour to attract insects was significantly the yellow colour (44.34%)
followed by blue (20.12%) and white (19.15%) whilst the lowest insect trapped was on red colour (16.40%). A
total of nine insect orders recorded were; Diptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera,
Orthoptera, Blattodea, Isoptera and others. Diptera was the most abundant of insect’s order trapped in the
yellow trap with 3427 individuals and followed by Hemiptera order (1022 individuals). Whilst the Isoptera order
was the least number of insects caught on a red colour trap with only one individual. In conclusion, our findings
showed that the yellow sticky trap colour is the most attractive to attract insects of C. moschata compared to
other colours. Therefore, this study could provide essential knowledge that may be useful for the future
ecological survey of insects of C. moschata
Towards a muslim friendly destination: halal certification and its imperative to hotel industry in South Korea
No full textThe growth of the Muslim travellers has meant that Muslim travellers are
becoming a significant segment, which will affect the global tourism industry.
In non-Islamic context, halal tourism is relatively under-researched and an
increasing number of destinations including South Korea are keen on tapping
into this segment and adapting their services to take into account the unique
faith-based needs of Muslim travellers. In South Korea, a growing number of
tourists visit for leisure, with an increasing trend of visitors from the Muslim
majority nations. A great deal of activities has been undertaken to draw the
attention of these travellers, including offering hotel facilities as per the
religious convictions of Muslim visitors. Because of the above pattern, it is
accordingly imperative to examine the present strategies and administrative
system to identify and certify halal or shariah-compliant hotels and F&B
establishments in South Korea. The investigation was conducted utilising
subjective research whereby the data was collected using multiple interviews
of the authorities regarding this matter. The findings of this research will be
provided to expert bodies and industry authorities to revisit the current
arrangements for having halal certifications for hotels and F&B
establishments in South Korea. The findings of this research will present
hoteliers with the required knowledge, prospects and difficulties that they
might need to consider before initiating any halal certified hotels in South
Korea