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Socio-pragmatic aspects of legal questioning: police interviews, prosecutorial discourse and trial discourse
No full text
Spray drying as for food-grade nanomaterial
No full textMicroencapsulation with entrapping agent (wall material) and emulsifier is an important technique to produce
functional food powder for prolonging the shelf life of functional oils in the food industry. The powder is usually
prepared by spray-drying. Typical encapsulation process is the entrapment of active core material such as functional
lipid into wall material. The particle (powder) includes the core materials which is in the scale of nano- or micro-meter.
The formation of oil-droplets in nano/micrometer size should be prepared in wall material solution. In this chapter,
several factors affecting stability of functional core material such as fatty acid are summarized for forming functional
food powder using nanotechnology in food industry. © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Penilaian Kesan Pembinaan Empangan Kenyir Terhadap Masalah Banjir dan Kelestarian Alam Sekitar di Kawasan Hilir Sungai Terengganu, Terengganu
No full textHalal antimicrobials in food: A review on prospects and challenges of antimicrobials from animal sources
No full textFood antimicrobial agents (FAA) provide the first food defence system against
pathogens for processed food products. In addition, they function as an antioxidant in
preventing colour and taste changes for food safety and quality. Muslim consumers are
concerned about the source of FAA which may contain non-permissible ingredients according
to Islam including pig and unslaughtered permissible animal sources. They also raise concerns
about the increasing risk of toxicity when the FAA is consumed and the possibility of the FAA
rendering organoleptic effect on the food. The application of the FAA protects the food from
microbial contamination and indirectly combats emerging devastating diseases. Hence, halal
FAA (HFAA) can be introduced so that Muslim consumers can accept FAA usage. Generally,
HFAA is categorised according to ingredient sources such as animal, plant, bacteria, or
synthetic origins. There are doubts on the halal status of animal-origin FAA as the source might
be originating from pig, unslaughtered animal, human, or origins which are filthy. The animalorigin FAA shows strong antimicrobial properties against Gram-positive and negative
pathogens, as well as toxicity and organoleptic issues. Thus, the FAA should be used within
the allowable range. HFAA has become one of the most studied FAAs due to these issues.
Many HFAAs are produced from animals without the full verification of halal status. This
review presents an overview of the origins and challenges of HFAA production. Furthermore,
this study also highlights how FAA could be verified as halal which is the theme of future
research in HFAA development
Role of read method book in developing the linguistic performance دور كتاب قاعدة اقرأ في تطوير الأداء اللغوي
No full textArabic language received good care by the scholars in the past and present for it is the container
of the Holy Qur’an and the Sunnah of the Prophet. The perception of its importance and
understanding its rules are extremely necessary to articulate the Qur’anic texts correctly and to
understand the Arabic utterance soundly. The attainment of correct utterance cannot be achieved
without training on performance based on well designed curriculum to ensure good results.
Certainly, the wrong syllabus results in loss and erasure of language. Here lies the research
problem because searching for a syllabus and training method on language performance is a
tremendous searching purpose. The importance of this research emanates from this purpose. The
researcher studied the syllabus of Read Method for the purpose of clarifying and demonstrating its
role in developing the linguistic performance. He adopted the descriptive methodology to describe
the book and the author’s methodology in designing it and gradually developing from letters to
words to sentences and implementing the Arabic rules in the book. The researcher found the
following results. The gradual learning of language from letter to sentence through direct
pronunciation is one of the fastest ways to reach perfect performance. Anyone wishing to author a
syllabus for teaching the Arabic language has to concentrate on the existing errors in the society
and to increase the exercises that help get rid of those errors. The Read Method Book has a big
role in teaching the Arabic language pronunciation for non-native speakers because it is easy. The
Read Method Book needs further development in its content to keep abreast the modern
developments
Critical thinking of muslim societies: a terror-based perspective
No full textAfter the declaration of war on terror, especially the events of September 2001 in the United States, we see that the terrorist organizations
that made the Islamic religion a cover for them in their work have
begun to reconfigure themselves intellectually based on the Islamic
heritage, especially about the Qur’anic verses and the hadiths related to
fighting. The organizations went to consolidate their fighting ideology
by confronting the whole world, using a set of fatwas and rulings that
were issued by Muslim religious scholars several centuries ago, especially during the era of the Mongolian invasion of the Islamic state and
the accompanying calls for resistance by Muslim scholars, especially
Ibn Taymiyyah. To facilitate their task of legislating the declaration of
war on the whole world, they rejected any ideology opposing them.
As the organizations resorted to strictness in adopting these fatwas
and religious rulings, and in their explanation of texts, excluding any
interpretation other than their objectives. Therefore, these organizations
rejected critical thinking about religious texts, considering it a departure
from Islam. The lack of maturity of this thinking approach among the
general population of Muslims in the various countries made the task
of the organizations in rejecting this approach easier. As we see that
a critical approach to thinking in various scientific fields, including
religion, does not exist in education in Islamic countries. That is
why religious texts, including their interpretations, rulings, and fatwas,
remained unchanged for centuries. Thus, it provided an appropriate
environment for these organizations to expand within Islamic societies
through thought related to the past that is not related to the present in
anything except that it carried the same rulings, fatwas, and interpretations of religious texts