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Different Polarity Extracts of Polygonum minus towards Cytotoxic Activities against Colon Cancer Cell Lines (HT-29, HCT-116, CT-26)
No full textAims: To investigate the cytotoxic properties of different polarity solvents of Polygonum minus
extracts towards colon cancer cell lines, HT-29, HCT-116 and CT-26.
Study Design: Experimental study.
Place and Duration of Study: Central Laboratory, Tissue Culture Laboratory, Universiti Sultan
Zainal Abidin, Terengganu between September 2019 until December 2019.
Methodology: The different polarity solvents of P. minus extracts had been led to tetrazolium salt
reduction (MTT) assay and an inhibition concentration of 50 (IC50) value for their cytotoxic potential
against colon cancer cells. Then, cell morphology observation and fluorescence double staining of
treatment cells were determined using a light inverted microscope and acridine orange/propidium
iodide staining.
Results: The results indicated that an extraction yields aligned from 0.01% for acetone and ethyl
acetate to 0.45% for aqueous solution with decreasing order of aqueous solution > 70% aqueous
ethanol > 50% aqueous ethanol > methanol > ethanol > acetone and ethyl acetate. Meanwhile, the ethyl acetate extract showed a higher cytotoxic effect at IC50 values of 7.00 ± 0.06 µg/mL and 7.00
± 0.30 µg/mL towards the HCT-116 and CT-26 cells; and 50% aqueous ethanol towards HT-29
cells (24.00 ± 0.01 µg/mL). The different solvent extracts of P. minus induced cytotoxic effects on
the treated cell lines by altering their normal cell morphology and cell membrane integrity (except
for acetone extract).
Conclusion: Therefore, the use of different polarity solvent extracts of P. minus as an anti-cancer
agent is promising more on ethyl acetate and warrants further investigation
THE FORMATION OF FIQH PANDEMIC IN MALAYSIA: STUDY ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MAṢLAḤAḤ AND MAFSADAH
No full textThe desired goal behind the obligation of a law is referring to the maqasid syariah. It is very important
to master this knowledge especially to understand and interprete the Islamic texts. The cardinal
principle is generally aims to preserve the five basic necessities of human life, namely preserving the
religion, life, intellect, lineage, and property. Any effort that supports these necessities is known to be
maslahah, and anything that negates them is known to be mafsadah. The concept of maslahah and
mafsadah has always been the main backbone for the scholars in determining the law. During the
pandemic COVID-19 hit in Malaysia, various Syariah rulings (fatwas) have been issued by the
authorities at the state and federal levels to protect the Muslims affairs. The rulings are issued after
considering the maslahah and mafsadah to be faced by Muslims in Malaysia. This study was
conducted to identify the role of maslahah and mafsadah in influencing the Syariah rulings related to
COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia as well as showing how the process takes place (takyīful fiqhī). This
study is qualitative in nature, using a library approach to collect primary and secondary data and then
analyse it by content analysis. The results show that the principles of maslahah and mafsadah play a
big role in determining the Syariah rulings in the COVID-19 pandemic situation as well as the need to
set a clear standard of maslahah and mafsadah so that the rulings produced are accurate, precise and
not made it on whim
The Relationship Between Image Destination, Satisfaction, Push and Pull Motivation Towards Tourist Loyalty
No full textMalaysia is the country that is full of unique attractions and filled with rich culture stemming from
a melting pot of various people. This reason, perhaps why it has become a choice of attraction among tourists to
visit these many places in Malaysia. Kenyir Lake is an Eco-Tourism location spot in Malaysia, and it was chosen
as the research location because of the rapid development by the government and private sector to attract tourists
to visit. The objective of this research is to study how the relationship between Destination Image of Kenyir Lake
provides satisfaction to the tourists, the motivation of the pull and push towards tourists’ loyalty. The research data
analyzed by using the variables and data correlation in IBM-SPSS. This research used a quantitative approach so
that it able to reach a broader range of audiences. Even though there was empirical research has been carried out
with this type of topic. Still, it is limited to the state of Terengganu and Kenyir Lake. The result of this research
will show all variables will have a positive correlation towards loyalty. Therefore, the result of this research will
assist the government, the private sector, and other parties to increase the image of the destination and provide
better satisfaction to tourists and attract them to return
How does the Islamic banking development spur financial inclusion in OIC member countries?
No full textIslamic financial instruments of profit-loss-sharing and redistributions are capable of including people
hitherto outside the formal financial system into mainstream formal finance thereby increasing the level of
financial inclusion. Globally, OIC member countries have the highest number of adult age 15 and above
without access to a formal bank account (53.7%). The primary purpose of this study is to investigate how
does Islamic banking can increases the level of financial inclusion in OIC member countries. The work
employed the use of system GMM, second-generation cointegration test and causality test to achieve this
objective. The data used in this study were obtained from world development indicators, GLOBAL Findex
and OIC statistical database from 2013 to 2018. The result found that Islamic banking significantly affects
the level of financial inclusion in OIC member countries, and the impact found to be positive and significant
when the interaction of Islamic banking and institution were used. Moreover, Islamic banking is found to
cause financial inclusion, with no bidirectional causality. Other independent variables, GDP per capita,
Institution and domestic to private sector are found to have positive impact on financial inclusion. The results
confirmed that, Islamic banking has positive impact on financial inclusion in OIC member countries. In
order to promote financial inclusion the policymakers in OIC member countries should consider improving
the level of Islamic banking development, so that more people outside the formal financial system will be
included
A conceptual framework for entrepreneur competence and entrepreneur performance: the role of gender
No full textThis study examines the impacts on Entrepreneur Performance (EP) of Entrepreneur Competence (EC) aspects. The EC
dimension identified are opportunities competencies, organizing competencies, strategic competencies, relationships
competencies, commitment competencies and conceptual competencies. This essay attempts to describe how the EC and
measurements affect the success of entrepreneurs with gender as moderator. The EC-SMEs Performance relation has proven as
indicated by using the Structural Equation Model (SEM). Therefore, the inference may be made dependent on the concept of the
suggested work and literature review. That entrepreneurial success would especially promote entrepreneurial development in
Indonesia, so that unemployment is projected to be reduced and competitiveness improved. An additional gain of efficiency and
productivity development
Prevalence of demographic profiles and loneliness among elderly women in private care institution
No full textLoneliness among elderly women living in nursing home based on demographic profile become a
phenomenon in many developed countries. In most research, loneliness has been identified as a negative
feeling that can lead to death. Loneliness among elderly women occur when they are 60 years and above
once their children grow up and married. Then, there retired from occupations and their spouse died and
make they live alone. Thus, this study aimed to identify the factors of demographic profiles have an impact
on loneliness among elderly women. This research was conducted at a private institution in Terengganu,
Malaysia with 78 elderly women as respondents quantitatively. The questionnaires from UCLA Loneliness
Scale were adopted to analyse the risk of elderly having loneliness in nursing home. The result showed the
factors of demographic profile have an impact on loneliness among elderly women in private institution its
strength and significant. As a conclusion, the study on loneliness among elderly women in nursing home is
important to raise awareness about this alarming issue in the society especially among elderly women
Crowdfunding as an alternative mode of financing micro and small enterprises: a proposed Qard-al-Hasan contract
No full textThe global financial crisis that occurred in 2008, coupled with the evolution and
globalization of social media and technology has made the evolvement of crowdfunding
easy to use as a means of financing. However, the concept of crowdfunding is correlated
with spiritual and religious responsibility which can increase the economic growth of
Micro and Small Enterprises. In light of this, this paper aims to investigate the capacity of
crowdfunding and proposes a crowdfunding model that adheres to the principle of
Shari’ah by adopting a legitimate contract known as Qard-al-Hasan. In this regard, the
study adopts a qualitative research using secondary data with descriptive, and inductive
approaches in analysis. The result shows that Qard-al-Hasan based crowdfunding is great
for pioneering business people to get access to financing their small and micro
enterprises in compliance with Shariah. However, the findings of this paper will provide a
new mechanism for financing micro and small enterprises in line with Shariah
Biological studies of novel aspirin-chalcone derivatives bearing variable substituents
No full textThe evolution of drug resistant bacteria has now becoming a major concern in the search for new
antibacterial agent. Ongoing interest has also developing to find a new class of compounds with antioxidant
properties. Herein, a series of hydroxylated chalcones 1a-g and aspirin-chalcone derivatives 2a-g were
successfully synthesised for antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Chalcones 1a-g were prepared by
Claisen-Schmidt condensation of 4-hydroxyacetophenone and benzaldehyde derivatives, while 2a-g were
synthesised via esterification of aspirin with 1a-g. All the synthesised compounds were elucidated using
CHNS elemental analysis, FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography. All compounds
were evaluated for antibacterial assay via disc diffusion method and antioxidant assay using stable free radical
2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Only 1a showed moderate activity against Escherichia coli, while 1b-g
and 2a-g showed no inhibition against E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus in comparison ampicillin as standard
antibiotic. Compounds 1b-g and 2a-g having various substituents contributed to bulky molecular structures
and caused difficult penetration into the cell membrane thus, unable to inhibit the bacterial growth.
Compounds 1a-g and 2a-g also displayed poor antioxidant properties on DPPH in comparison to ascorbic
acid due to low phenolic pharmacophore. The formation of bulky structures for 2a-g have hindered the
antioxidant properties compared to 1a-g
Repeat rate analysis of lower limb radiograph for digital radiography in general radiography at Pantai Klang Hospital Selangor
No full textAssessing the repeat rate is crucial to reduce unnecessary dose to the patient by identifying the major
cause for repeating the x-rays exposure to the patient and apply corrective measures. To analyse the
repeat rate of routine lower limb projections in direct digital radiography (DR) from general radiology
department of Pantai Klang Hospital. 26 months retrospective repeated radiograph was acquired from
Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) at Hospital Pantai Klang. The retrieved
radiographs were grouped based on the reason for the i radiographs being rejected which are incorrect
positioning, incorrect collimation, patient movement, incorrect exposure factors, artefact, and other
reasons. Total repeated radiographs retrieved for basic lower limbs projections were 13616. Knee was
the highest repeted examination and the lowest repeat rate was tibia fibula. (repeat rate: knee = 1.04%,
tibia fibula = 0.57%). incorrect positioning is the major causes for repeat exposure for all examinations
type, followed by incorrect collimation, other categories, centring ray error, incorrect exposure factors
and artifact
The population of airborne microorganisms and the presence of Staphylococcus aureus in cattle farm at Ladang Pasir Akar
No full textMicroorganisms found in bio aerosols from animals’ confinement buildings is not only foster the risk of
spreading diseases among livestock itself, but also pose health hazard among farm workers and nearby residents.
The objectives of this study are to observe the population of microorganisms and identify the present of
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) inside the cattle farm. DRF e-MAS which was owned prepared by Arduino kit had
been used to observe the microorganisms’ population.The air from surrounding that contained microorganisms
being aspirated into the plate chamber of the DRF e-MAS. The nutrient agar that being placed inside the plate
chamber will be incubated along with aspirated microorganisms and the result of microorganisms’ population
will be observed. S. aureus is one of the possible bacteria that may be found among the population of the
microorganisms in cattle farm. DRF e-MAS along with Baird Parker Agar being used to identify the present of
S. aureus. Baird Parker Agar is used to enhance the growth of S. aureus while eliminating the others. After being
incubated, a single colony of S. aureus that grew on the Baird Parker Agar had been picked and regrow on
another nutrient agar. A single colony that formed on that nutrient agar will be picked and then undergo
Coagulase test and IMViC test. Coagulase test involved the citrated plasma and the present of bubbles show
positive result. On the other hand, IMViC test divided into four sub-test which are Indole test, Methyl red test,
Voges-Proskauer test and Citrate test. These tests are important in order to confirm the present of S. aureus in
this farm. According to the test, there was S. aureus found among the microorganisms’ population inside this
barn