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Effects of Oxidative Stress on Alzheimer's Disease, Haematological Perspective
No full textAlzheimer disease (AD) is considered among the most important neurodegenerative disorder in elderly individuals. AD patients ha
higher oxidative stress as compared to normal people with a higher susceptibility to health problems. Oxidative stress Results into
several disorders including AD. Oxidative stress in AD patients may lead to abnormal red blood cells (RBCs) indices and elevated
white blood cells (WBCs) count. Oxidative stress in AD patients can lead to massive destruction of red blood cells (RBCs). The br
and the gastrointestinal system are intimately connected, as one system. The brain has a direct impact on the GI tract. A stressfu
brain can send signals to the gut, just as a troubled intestine can send signals to the brain. Therefore, oxidative stress in AD patie
can be reason for hindering the breakdown and assimilation of food for energy and nourishment. This malabsorption can then lea
a reciprocal negative effect on oxidative stress and also can be another cause of anaemia due to malabsorption of minerals and
vitamins that are important to erythropoiesis. Therefore this review article is designed to unearth the effect of oxidative stress in A
patients and incite leading researchers to generate database that will help in understand the relationship between oxidative stress
and haematological parameters especially in AD patients
Characterization of a pomegranate (Punica granatum) extract towards development of phenolic acids based on a non-opioid substitution therapy: in vitro and in vivo studies
No full textPomegranate is a nutrient dense fruit rich in phytochemical compounds, which phenolic acids are the main compounds that attribute for most of the functional properties of many fruits. The aim of this study was to characterize the pomegranate extract towards development of phenolic acids based on a non-opioid substitution therapy for in vivo and in vitro studies. Pomegranate was extracted using two different solvents with three different methods of extraction. The quantification of phenolic acids was performed using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The level of Mμ Opioid Receptor (MOR) and cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) was analysed by using an in vitro assay to determine the morphine dependence. Meanwhile, the morphine withdrawal effect was investigated through an in vivo study by analysing the memory impairment of rats using Morris Water Maze (MWM) and by determining the level of Brain Derived Neurotropic Family (BDNF) and cAMP response element binding protein (CREB). The result reveals that the pomegranate extract with water had the highest phenolic acid composition of gallic acid, ferulic acid, and ellagic acid. In the in vitro study, it shows that treatment of morphine with extract significantly reduced the level of cAMP and increased the level of MOR as compared to morphine and methadone treatments. While in the in vivo study, rats were divided into normal, morphine, morphine + methadone, and morphine + pomegranate groups. Data obtained from MWM show memory impairment of morphine group for time escape from pool was significantly higher than other groups of treatment. Meanwhile, BDNF and CREB levels in serum from morphine + pomegranate group were significantly higher than morphine and morphine + methadone groups. As conclusion, this study suggests that the phenolic acids in the pomegranate extract has a potential to be implemented as a non-substitution therapy for morphine-dependent treatment
Effect of Probiotics (EM-1) Addition on Quality Characteristics of Quail Meat
No full textThe objective of the present study is to see the effect of probiotics (EM-1) used in animal fed as supplement on the meat quality of quails. The quails that been used in this study was from breed Cortunix japonica. Along the study, the quails were divided into four groups which are control quails and quails that feed with 1 L probiotics in different ratio concentration drinking water (mL) (1:250, 1:500, and 1:750). After 42 days, all the quails were slaughtered and then the carcass and meat yield of each groups was determined. Then, the meat undergo physicochemical and nutritional analysis. The value of carcass yield both in male and female quails treated with EM-1 showed a higher significant differences (p < 0.05) compared to control quails and no significant differences (p < 0.05) were showed in meat yield. Significantly higher L* and pH values (p < 0.05) in whole leg, were found when quails were fed the EM-1 (1:500). While in cooked quail meats no significant different (p < 0.05) were showed in cooking loss, juiciness and shear force analysis between the treatments. In quail meat sausages no significant different (p < 0.05) were showed in cooking loss, juiciness, folding test and shear force analysis be-tween the treatments but in texture profile analysis, treatments 1:500 showed significantly higher values (p < 0.05) of hardness, springi-ness and cohesiveness compared to other treatments. Addition of this probiotics are therefore contributed to some improvements in the meat quality
Improving Physicochemical Properties of Minced Fish by Adding Quail Bone Gelatin
No full textThe objective of this study was to compare the physicochemical properties (cooking yield, folding test, gel strength, expressible moisture, texture profile analysis, and color) of minced fish containing quail bone gelatin (QBG), commercial bovine gelatin (CBG), or commercial fish gelatin (CFG). QBG was prepared using two acid pretreaments: hydrochloric acid (QBGHCl) and citric acid (QBGc.a). The cooking yield of minced fish gels improved from 94.23% to 96.17–98.48% by the addition of gelatin. Addition of QBGHCl, QBGc.a, CBG, and CFG improved the folding test result from 1.00 to 2.00, reduced expressible moisture from 37.90% to 29.59, 30.19, 27.81, and 36.73%, respectively, and improved gel strength from 69.42 g.cm to 92.17, 96.5, 155.30, and 99.73 g.cm, respectively. Addition of gelatin also increased the hardness and decreased the whiteness of fish minced gels. Thus, the addition of QBG has potential as an alternative gelatin source for improving the physicochemical properties of minced fish
Effect of Effective Microorganisms (EM1®) on Microflora Population and Carcass Yield of Quails
No full textA total of 240 day-old Japanese quails were used to investigate the effect of EM1® on the microflora population and carcass quality of the quails in day 42 through drinking water. They were assigned randomly into four groups with 60 quails per treatments. The four treatments groups were given drinking water (DW) supplemented with EM1® (EM) with different rations which were: i) Drinking water (control group), ii) 1L EM + 250mL DW, iii) 1L EM + 500 mL DW and, iv) 1L EM + 750 mL DW. The result shows the population of Escherichia coli in the jejunum and faeces of the quails decrease significantly (p<0.05). It was also significantly increase the weight of eviscerated carcass with the value 183.17g, 210.0g, 221.0g and 225.0g and thigh weight of the quails with the value 26.57%, 31.25%, 32.01% and 33.68% for Control, T1, T2 and T3, respectively. However, the additional of EM1® into the drinking water does not significantly increase the Lactobacilli population in the jejunum and faecal sample of the quails. There were also no significant differences in the body weight and breast weight of the quails. At the end of this experiment, there is no Salmonella sp. were detected. In conclusion, quails given EM1® are suggested to reduce the number of E. coli population in intestine and produce better carcass quality
Globalisation and Gender Equality in Education: Government and NGO’s Roles in Empowering Women
No full textOne of the remarkable advantages of globalisation is people having more access to adequate education, both for formal and informal.
Although education is not shared evenly all over the world, through globalisation, there is an awakening process when most countries
realise that education is not only a crucial factor in developing human resources, but also essential for economic improvement and technology
expansion. Education is a primary need and a fundamental right for everyone, yet many women still lack of education, which has
the potential to enhance their lives, particularly to fight against poverty. This article will argue that education needs in rural areas in Indonesia
are not being shared equally by both genders. The results show that globalised standards of education are falling short for female
students due to several reasons, such as financial constraints and cultural preferences for males. Therefore, the roles of the government
and NGOs are vitally important in empowering women, particularly in rural areas. This article also draws the ethnographic data from
rural areas in Minahasa Regency in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. This article recommended that the government should enhance the access
to all educational stages, improve the education quality and distribute more funds in education to implement the educational fees exemption
program. It can be concluded that NGOs can play the important role in assisting the government strategies. The roles may be conducted
by embarking on campaigns for education. It may lead to increasing number of education enrolment and enlarging the opportunity
for children and women to attain sufficient education
Examining Certification Values of Certified Employees in Indonesia’s Tourism Industry
No full textThe study of values of certification is lacking in the tourism industry. This study is an exploratory study based on the perception of
tourism workforce in tourism industry in Indonesia as a developing country. Initially, a descriptive analysis was used to provide
professional's viewpoints about values of certification. Later a confirmatory factor analysis was employed to explore parameters which
construct values of certification in the tourism industry. The result of the study shows that parameters of intrinsic values dominate the
construct of values of certification. This finding implies that the implementation of values of certification is beyond the expectation and
there is a need to enforce regulations related to values of certification in developing country
An Analysis Of Shiite Interpretations Of The Qur’an From The Sunnite Perspective
No full textMajority of Muslims base their understanding of the Qur‟an on the interpretations of Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama‟ah scholars because it is believed that their scholarly interpretations are the most accurate at helping Muslims to understand the Qur‟an correctly. However, the Shiite scholars‟ interpretations are different from the Sunnite versions. This study conducted a content analysis on some of the books written by the Shiite and Sunnite scholars and found that there are several interpretational differences. This article describes the irregularities found in the Shiite interpretations of the Qur‟anic verses from the Sunnite perspective. These irregularities exist because Shiite scholars tend to base their interpretations on the concept of the religious leadership, a main pillar of their faith
Perselisihan Pandangan Ulama Tentang Biografi Imam Al-Shatibi
No full textArtikel ini bertujuan membincangkan tentang perselisihan pandangan ulama tentang Imam al-Shatibi. Perselisihan tersebut dibahagikan kepada empat bahagian, iaitu asal usul nama, gelaran, kecacatan penglihatan, dan penghijrahan ke Mesir. Perselisihan ini telah menimbulkan salah faham dalam kalangan masyarakat tentang perkara sebenar berkenaan Imam al-Shatibi. Antara faktor berlaku salah faham adalah berpunca daripada sebahagian ahli al-Quran dan al-Qiraat sendiri yang tidak arif tentang perkara tersebut. Kajian juga akan mengemukakan jawapan kepada perselisihan terbabit seterusnya memberi penjelasan yang tuntas bagi permasalahan ini. Kajian ini adalah merupakan kajian kualitatif. Dapatan kajian adalah bersumberkan dokumentasi dan persejarahan yang dianalisis menggunakan metode analisis teks dan kandungan. Hasil kajian mendapati asal usul nama Imam al-Shatibi ini berkait rapat dengan faktor keturunan, bahasa dan perkahwinan. Perselisihan tentang gelaran beliau pula didapati berpunca daripada beberapa faktor antaranya dalam bidang penulisan. Perselisihan berkenaan kecacatan penglihatan adalah melibatkan tempoh umur, manakala faktor penghijrahan beliau ke Mesir bukan semata-mata kerana ingin menunaikan haji
Detection, Isolation and Antibiotic Testing of Vibrio cholerae in seafood
No full textVibrio cholerae is important water borne human pathogen that associated with cholera disease. The goal of this
study was to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of V. cholerae found in seafood. Samples of
prawn, cockles and squid samples bought from Kuala Terengganu and Besut markets. The detection of V.
cholerae in the samples was done using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay and plating method. V. cholerae
isolates were subjected to six antibiotics susceptibility test using Kirby Bauer method. In Besut district, V. cholerae
was found in cockles (33%), squid (38%) and prawn (44%) in supermarket. For wet market, V. cholerae only
found in squid (18%) and no detection from prawn samples. For samples collected from Kuala Terengganu
supermarket, the prevalence of V. cholera in cockle was at 29%, in squid at 56% and prawn at 75%. For samples
collected from wet market, V. cholerae only present in squid at 18% and no detection in prawn samples. A total of
30 V. cholerae isolates were subjected to antibiotic testing. The isolates were completely resistance towards
penicillin (100%), vancomycin (80%), tetracyline (23%), gentamycin (7%), norfloxacin (3%) and ciprofloxacin
(3%). This study concluded prawn, cockle and squid samples from both district were contaminated with V.
cholerae. Thus, it might pose risks to consumer if undercooked contaminated seafood were consumed