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Identifications and comparison of volatile aroma constrituents of Salacca zalacca (Gaertn.) Voss Extrated by steam distillation, solvent extraction and supercritcal fluid extraction methods.
No full textSalacca zalacca (Gaertn.) Voss (salak fruit or snake fruit) is a species of palm tree native to Southwest Java and North Sumatra in Indonesia. It is known as one of the exotic fruits in Malaysia. It has a reddish brown scaly skin with pleasant pineapple, pear and banana-like
aromas. Due to its pleasant aroma, S. zalacca has potential in perfumery and pharmaceutical industries. The volatile aromas of plants are usually extracted by conventional extraction
method such as steam distillation and solvent extraction method . These methods are laborious, have incomplete extraction process, require long extraction time, and produced a lot of toxic chemical wastes. New extraction technique introduced by the researcher to overcome these limitations is supercritical carl>on dioxide extraction method (SC-CO2). This technique is available to extract the volatile aroma of the plants. It is rapidly gaining attention
due to its superior benefits compared to the conventional extraction methods. It is considered as a green extraction technique because it is renewable, produces little to no toxic wastes and bas short extraction time. In this study, S. zalacca were extracted by steam distillation,
solvent extraction and SC-CO,. Steam distillation was not a suitable extraction method for
S. zalacca as it produced inorganic compound. The percentage yields of SC-CO, samples were higher (10 MPa, 30 •C:0.2704 %; 25 MPa, 50-C:03634 %; 40 MPa, 70 -C:02635 %) than the hexane (0.0511 %) and dicblorometbane (0.1358 %) extractions but lower than the diethyl ether (0.5692 %) solvent extraction. SFE has shorter extraction time and produced little chemical waste compared to solvent extraction method .GC-MS anal}is of the extracts from both extraction methods should be conducted to identify and compare the volatile aroma
constituents present in solvent extraction extracts and SFE extracts
Kemampuan pelajar perempuan terhadap bacaan khusus imam hafs: Satu perbandingan dengan pelajar lelaki
No full textBacaan khusus Imam Hafs merupakan satu kaedah bacaan khusus al-Quran yang hanya berlaku
pada kalimah-kalimah tertentu dalam al-Quran. Ia dianggap kaedah bacaan yang terkeluar dari kaedah usul
Imam Hafs dan memerlukan kepada talaqqi dan musyafahah dari guru yang mutqin bagi menentukan kaedah sebutannya yang betul. Tinjauan yang dibuat mendapati masyarakat awam kurang menguasai bacaan khusus Imam Hafsini kerana ia memerlukan kepada pembelajaran khusus, perlu bertalaqi dengan guru dan tidak memadai dengan mempelajarinya melalui kitab-kitab tajwid semata-mata.Kajian ini bertujuan meninjau sejauh mana penguasaan pelajar dalam menguasai bacaan khusus Imam Hafs dan apakah terdapat perbezaan gender antara pelajar lelaki dan perempuan dalam menguasai kaedah bacaan ini. Kajian gabungan antara kualitatif dan kuantitatif ini akan menggunakan kaedah diskriptif dan ujian bacaan Analisa data akan menggunakan program SPSS bagi mendapatkan peratusan penguasaan pelajar dan perbandingan antara mereka. Hasil kajian mendapati terdapat perbezaan yang ketara dari segi gender dalam menentukan tahap penguasaan bacaan pelajar pada bacaan khusus Imam Hafs disamping faktor-faktor lain seperti usaha pelajar dalam mempelajarinya serta faktor bertalaqqi sama ada dengan guru, rakan atau bacaan contoh melalui audio atau Youtube
Major depressive disorder, functional and physical performances of Malaysian brain tumour patients
No full textBrain tumour diagnosis affects the lives of many patients, and the burden can be overwhelming for patients with
psychiatric disorders. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) and its
severity among Malaysian brain disorder patients. The study also investigated on changes in functional and physical
performance of patients and its relationship with macrophages inflammatory cells. This study was conducted at
Hospital Kuala Lumpur (n=100) and Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (n=22). International Neuropsychiatric
Interview MINI questionnaire, Patient Health Questionnaire PHQ-9, Karnofsky performance scale (KPS) and Barthel
Index (BI) questionnaire were used in the study. The plasma CD68 macrophages measured by commercialized Elisa
kit. Spearman rho correlation was used to examine the relationship among the variables. The prevalence of MDD
among brain tumour or brain disorder patients was 30.0% (n=30) and severe depression was 6.67% %. The KPS score
of the astrocytic glioma patients reduced aer surgery and improved at the 6th month of post-surgery. The BI score
was improved aer the surgery. The KPS score correlated with BI score. However no significant correlation was found
with CD68 macrophage level. Thus targeting these parameters might play an important role in the effective treatment
of the patients
Recent trends of research in science and humanities
No full textIn recent years, progressive attention is given to both inter- and trans-disciplinary research which is not only the “cutting edge” path for the modern research and innovation but also offer great hope for bringing holistic, out- of the-box thinking to an increasingly-specialized workforce of experts. It is necessary to outline some of the main trepidations for the effective promotion of these approaches in social and environmental research. Interdisciplinary research is about creating something by thinking across boundaries. It is related to an interdisciplinary field, which is an organizational unit that crosses traditional boundaries between academic disciplines or schools of thought, as new needs and professions emerge. Research is truly interdisciplinary when it is not just pasting two disciplines together to create one product but rather is an integration and synthesis of ideas and methods. Transdisciplinary research brings collaboration among scientists to operate entirely outside their disciplines which links science and policy to address issues such as environmental degradation, new technologies, public health and social change. Through transdisciplinary approaches, researchers from a wide range of disciplines work with each other and external stakeholders to address real world issues. Transdisciplinary research integrates divergent perspectives, frameworks, epistemologies, methods, and theories, enables the researchers to gather a more comprehensive understanding of social phenomena. Through, bridging different scientific and social knowledge components it can significantly improve the quality, acceptance and sustainability of research solutions. Henceforth, scientists from Science and Humanities must join hands to solve the striking challenges faced by the society today
The era of artificial intelligence in malaysian higher education: Three minutes exploration (3ME) with flexible approach path (FAP) for effective learning process in self exploration education system (SEES)
No full textArtificial Intelligence (AI) is the creation of a smart machine that has human behavior and response. AI in the education sector is able to interact, assist, and guide students through Self-Exploration Education (SEE), such as current, but semi-automatic learning systems. Everyone is born as a genius, with curiosity to explore the environment through experiments. However, in practice, SEE is still very much focused on spreading facts rather than encouraging personal exploration. Conducting exploration of learning in the classroom can be complicated for adult learning or andragogy and is limited by virtue, money and work infrastructure. But what if we can create a middle ground between learning and fiction, the world in which adults learn and explore in ways that may be impossible in real life but still true to the transfer of knowledge? The project is to craft an imaginative and accessible tool to help adults develop scientific minds and practices through self-exploration or Do-it-yourself DIY with a mixed reality learning system that empowers adults to know the invisible and investigate hard through exploration. The system combines exploration and engagement technology with various traditional AV Audio mechanisms from flip cards, books and CDs to bring the living world. In such a way, adults can interact with real materials, books, to unlock tremendous virtual phenomena. They can discover things that are invisible to the naked eye through metaphorical materials. And they can also carry out experiments that are impossible in reality by creating their own universe and controlling parameters in the simulation. And the lively interaction raises their interest and enthusiasm for more technical exploration
One stop centre for international students in Malaysia: An appraisal of the EMGS
No full textOne stop centre (OSC) has been established in Malaysia to assist citizens in getting
comprehensive services with little efforts. It is a solution in achieving citizen or customer oriented government. In achieving the status as a global education hub in year 2020, the
Ministry of Education had established a corporate entity; Education Malaysia Global
Services Sdn Bhd (EMGS) as an OSC to process international student’s recruitment. This
paper discusses the role and function of EMGS as an OSC to ensure fast and effective
services for international students who applied to study in Malaysia. This paper also
highlights issues which were encountered by parties dealing with EMGS as an OSC and
provides some recommendations for improvement. This paper applies data from the
primary and secondary sources. Field work in the form of interview are also conducted
with government officials, education institutions and students who had experiences in
using EMGS services
The evolution of partnership structure; Special reference to governance legal framework for LLPs.
No full textLimited liability partnership (LLP) is a new business vehicle that gain popularity
among the small and medium businesses (SMEs) due to the concept of “partners
limited”; whereby all the business partners in the LLP do not have to worry of
being sued or be responsible on the partnership obligations and liabilities. If
anything happen to the LLP, the law spells out that the partners’ personal assets
are not affected at all under the legal process such as possession of belongings to
pay the LLP debts. LLP business structure is based on trust and good faith; but
somehow an agreement shall be sign by all partners to ensure fair sharing of profit
and loss; or other business practices. In Malaysia, LLP has been introduced and
recognized as a body corporate; with the separate entity between the partners and
LLP. This paper deliberates on the concept of LLP and the proposed governance
framework which would be useful for Malaysia LLPs