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Regulatory impact analysis for good regulation practices: Special reference to public consultation
No full textMalaysian Government has introduced a circular, National Policy on the
Development and Implementation of Regulation (NPDIR) on 15 July 2013 to
eradicate ambush regulation among regulators in Malaysia. The circular which
has been issued by the Chief Secretary to the Government was also attached with
the Best Practice Regulatory Handbook to facilitate the regulators in Malaysia to
develop new or amend existing regulation using Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA).
RIA can only be legitimate and efficient if it is integrated into public consultation
procedures. The systematic integration of stakeholders’ views enhances RIA quality
by inviting comments from people that will be affected by the regulation. It also
helps to improve compliance, as the ownership of the proposed regulation is shared
with stakeholders. In order to be effective, consultation requires a number of
preconditions. This paper discusses the role and importance of public consultation
in RIA and the challenges in implementing public consultation in Malaysia. Date
for this papers are derived from primary and secondary sources and interview with
relevant parties who are involved with implementing RIA
Expression and characterization of carbohydrate binding module (CBM) from vibrio cholerae non-01 sialidase in escherichia coli.
No full textA gene encoding carbohydrate binding module (CBM) from Vibrio cholerae Non-O1 sialidase has been successfully
cloned in E. coli BL21 (DE3). The gene has beem screened from different bacteria includes Pseudomonas
aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33862, Salmonella thypii
ATCC 14028 and Vibrio cholerae Non-O1. The Carbohydrate binding module (CBM) encodes 176 amino acids
from an open reading frame comprising of 530 bp nucleotide sequence. The gene was successfully expressed
solubly at 18˚C when induced with 1mM IPTG. Maximum expression was observed at 20 hours after post-induction
time. For purification technique, an anionic denaturing detergent method was used using SDS and Sarkosyl with
gradient affinity elution at different imidazole concentrations (10, 50 and 100mM). SDS-PAGE analysis showed that
the purified CBM protein exhibited a single band with molecular weight of 32 kDa. Biochemical characterization of
the protein displayed optimum pH at 5.5 in 100 mM citrate buffer with the highest Tm value of 45-50ºC. The protein
is showed stable between pH 5.5-6.2 and able to retain its activity from 27-56 ˚C. From the study on metal ions,
addition of Mn2+ and Mg2+ ions has increased the melting temperature of the protein to 59 ºC. Addition of 1% SDS
and 1% Triton in the protein was also found to increase the Tm value to 58.5ºC
The "right" to oral hearing in disciplinary proceedings against public servants: a malaysian perspective
No full textThe decisions of disciplinary authorities in disciplinary proceedings continue to be judicially
reviewed on the ground of their failure to grant oral hearing to the affected public servants
albeit the well established principle by Privy Council in Najar Singh’s case since 1976. Such
failure might implicate the deliverance of justice, and affect the reputation and goodwill of
Malaysian government as the major employer in the nation. The constitutional protection of
reasonable opportunity of being heard to public servants under Article 135(2) in case of
dismissal and reduction of rank should be interpreted in the light of fundamental right to life
as enshrined in the Federal Constitution. The purpose of this article is to examine the
approaches of the court in determining the right to oral hearing in disciplinary proceedings
against public servants; and whether the administrative decisions of the disciplinary
authorities should be subject to judicial review or not. This paper forwarded a submission that
liberal approach should be adopted by the court in determining the right to oral hearing in
disciplinary proceedings against public servants
Prevalence of MRSA in goat and sheep milk in Terengganu
No full textRecently, the emergence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria or superbug has been a concern
worldwide. One of the bacteria that have been well known to develop resistance toward
multiple antibiotics is Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). MRSA that was
initially detected in human derived from the hospital. However, recent studies have shown
that Livestock Associated MRSA (LA-MRSA) has been isolated from domestic food animals
and their handlers. It is well understood that the subsequent transmission LA-MRSA among
humans and animals can be bi-directional with close contact being the common transmission
pathway. Few studies had been carried in various countries indicating that MRSA can be
found in milk. However, there is still lack of data on the prevalence of MRSA derived from
animal products, particularly raw milk from small ruminant in Malaysia. The aim of this
study is to investigate the prevalence rate of MRSA in the goat and sheep milk from selected
farms located in Terengganu. The data collected will provide useful information on the
current statue of MRSA prevalence in Terengganu. A total of 396 (182 goat and 16 sheep)
udder milks samples were collected aseptically from 23 farms within Terengganu.
Staphylococcus aureus in milk were isolated using mannitol salt agar, Gram staining and
standard biochemical tests. The identity of the bacteria isolated was further confirmed using
end-point PCR where specific designed primers were used to detect the presence of nuc gene
of S. aureus at 278 bp. MecA gene primers (533 bp) were used to investigate the prevalence
of MRSA among the S. aureus isolates. The susceptibility of the S. aureus isolates toward
various antimicrobial agents was performed using Muller Hinton Antibiotic Susceptibility
Test. Results have shown that 41 samples have positive findings for S. aureus and 2 of the S.
aureus isolates were MRSA. The S. aureus isolates show different degree of resistances
towards the various antibiotics. S. aureus isolates were found to have higher tendency to be
resistance toward Oxacilin (14.6%) and Penicillin (32.0%). Besides, 7.3% of isolates also
showed resistances towards Tetracycline and Vancomycin. In conclusion, 2 MRSA isolates
have been detected presence in goat milk samples from Terengganu suggesting the
emergence of LA-MRSA in small ruminant. Antibiotic Susceptibility test also revealed that
S. aureus and MRSA isolates shown resistant toward multiple antibiotics. More
comprehensive studies should be done to study the prevalence statues, transmission pathway
and genetic composition of LA-MRSA in Malaysia. In addition, collaboration among
government agencies, drugs development companies, researches and local farmers must done
to prevent major outbreak of LA-MRSA infection
The human capital in seloka pak kaduk
No full textSeloka is one of the traditional Malay poems
which is a complete union of content or idea as a kind of
poem that contains teachings such as sarcasm and jokes.
In terms of the form of a seloka contains two, four or more
lines. Seloka content usually consists of sharp satirical
messages. Human capital can be interpreted to three
important aspects, that is an excellent aspect of character,
a strong and integrity principle and philosophy. Integrity
is a visionary, structured design and polite treatment. The
development of human capital should be given due
attention, because quality human capital is an important
element in the achievement of national missions should be
done holisticall. There are several values in Seloka Pak
Kaduk that can help build the soul and the individual and
external aspects of an individual. The acquired human
capital is able to produce people who think rationally,
creative and critical
Penggunaan dalil naqli dan ‘aqli dalam akidah ketuhanan menurut al-ghazali
No full textAkidah ketuhanan adalah antara topik yang diambil perhatian oleh para ilmuwan Islam sejak
zaman awal Islam. Ia diajar dengan menggunakan pelbagai dalil merangkumi dalil ‘aqli dan naqli
untuk mengisbatkan dan mempertahankan akidah. Para ulama telah menetapkan garis
panduan dalam perkara tersebut agar tidak terkeluar dari landasan Ahli Sunnah Wal
Jamaah.Antara tokoh yang terlibat menghuraikan perkara ini ialah al-Ghazali (m. 505H) yang
telah diangkat kedudukannya tanpa khilaf oleh ilmuwan dunia Islam sebagai mujaddid
(pembaharu agama) bagi abad kelima. Jadi, kertas kerja ini mengetengahkan huraian alGhazali tentang penggunaan dalil naqli dan ‘aqli berkenaan akidah ketuhanan berdasarkan
beberapa karyanya yang terpilih. Kajian berbentuk kualitatif ini dilaksanakan dengan
menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan (content analysis) terhadap beberapa karya pilihan
untuk menghasilkan output penyelidikan. Di akhir perbincangan, akan dirumuskan beberapa
aspek pemikiran tokoh tersebut tentang penggunaan dalil-dalil secara harmoni. Kertas ini akan
merumuskan bahawa al-Ghazali telah menggariskan beberapa dalil ‘aqli dan naqli yang sesuai
berkenaan akidah ketuhanan
First year nursing students University of Sultan Zainal Abidin responses to test anxiety inventory
No full textTest anxiety also stated to exam anxiety that a worry
about sitting for an examination. This situation affects
students physically, emotionally and cognitively. This
study examined first year nursing students’ response
to Test Anxiety Inventory. This study applied cross
sectional study design. Sixty students were
participated in the study. Participants’ response to
Test Anxiety Inventory was developed by Spielberger
et.al. (1980). Test Anxiety Inventory has two major
components; worry and emotionality. The data was
analysed using SPSS statistics Version 22 (IBM Co.,
Armonk, NY, USA). Descriptive analysis was used for
descriptive data; prevalence, percentage and mean
score. The total mean score of test anxiety is 53.59
(12.36), worry 22.28 (3.61) and emotionality 22.80
(3.54). Based on this classification, only (1) 1.7%
respondents no anxiety, (22) 36.7% respondents
experienced of mild anxiety, more than half (35)
58.3% respondents had moderate anxiety and (2)
3.3% respondents experienced of severe anxiety.
Majority first year nursing students were under test
anxiety. The implication of this study is giving
overview of mind- body interventions to reduce
anxiety during exam. The faculty, lecturer or advisor
should find out the main factors contribute to test
anxiety. The used of coping strategies like mind-body
therapy might benefit for students
Methods of enforcement of mut’ah order in the State of Terengganu, Malaysia
No full textOther than her rights to request for nafkah, a woman who has been divorced
without any justifiable cause may request for mut’ah or a compensation from the
Court and the Court may, after hearing the reasons from all parties and is satisfied
that the woman has been duly divorced without any justifiable cause, order the
husband pay a just and reasonable amount of money to the divorced wife according
to the Syarak Law. Even in cases where mut’ah orders were granted from the
Syariah Court, the divorced wives would end up disappointed and fed up because
unnecessary hardships were often caused due to the act of missing ex-husbands and
inadequate enforcement of the mut’ah order by the Syariah Court. This paper
examines methods of enforcement of mut’ah order and issues arising from its
implementation in the State of Terengganu. The study adopted qualitative
methodology where data were collected through library research and semistructured interviews with interviewees. It is found that the weaknesses of the
enforcement and execution of court orders can contribute to the non-compliance
with such orders, especially to the ones relating to mut’ah
Phytochemical screening, total flavonoid and phenolic content assays of various solvent extracts of fruit of persea americana mill.
No full textBackground: Consumption of medicinal herbs
protects and heals a number of ailments and they
have been the principal treatment therapy in
prehistoric times until the discovery of synthetic
drugs. Objective: The objective of this research
is to conduct the preliminary phytochemical
screening, total flavonoid and phenolic contents
assays of various, solvent extracts of fruit of
Avocado. Method: Phytochemical screening was
carried out according to the method of Trease
and Evans, total flavonoid content was measured
by the aluminium chloride colorimetric assay
and total phenolic content was estimated
spectrophotometrically by Folin-Ciocalteau
method. Results:Preliminary phytochemical
screening reveals the presence of phenolics,
flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids in all
the thee different' extracts (methanolic,
ethanolic and aqueous). Methanolic extract has
the richest content of both phenolics and
flavonoids i.e. (4.27 mg GAE/g and 0'25 mg
QE/g) respectively, and aqueous extract was the
least i.e. (1.32 mg GAE/g and 0.164 mg QE/g)'
All the extracts were not significantly different
with one another (p > 0.05). Conclusion: It can
be postulated that the contents of phenolic and
flavonoid compounds of fruit of Avocado
contribute to the radical scavenging activity and
can be regarded as promising plant species for
natural sources of antioxidant with potential
value for treatment of many life threatening
diseases. The process of extraction and
identification of active principles responsible for
the free radical scavenging property of variou
القدوة الحسنة وأثرها في تعزيز السلم الاجتماعي
No full textالملخص: تعتبر القدوة سوا ء أكانت
حسنة أو سيئة، أكث ُر إقنا عا وتأثيرا من الكالم النظري مهما كان بلي غا ومؤث را، ولعل هذا هو الس ُر في إرسا
للا رسال من البشر، - مع أنه تعالى قادر على أن يلهم شرعه الناس –ولكنه بعث الرسل تلو الرسل عبر التاريخ ليكونوا قدوة حسنة، تتمثل فيهم
أخالق وصفة الدين الذي يدعون أتباعهم إليه، ، وكان مسك ختامهم نبينا محمد صلى للا عليه وسلم القدوة المثلى، ومنارة الهدى الذي قال فيه
ُ ربه - جل وعال }لَقَ د َكا َن لَ ُك م ف ي َر ُسو ل َللا س َوة
َم َح َسنَة ن أ
َللاَ ل َكا َن يَ ر ُجو ِّ
َ
يَ وم
َذ ا َك َر َو آل خ َر ال
َللا َو َ
َكث ي را{]األحزاب:21 ]وتهدف هذه الدراسة
إلى تحديد مفهوم القدوة الحسنة وأهميته القصوى في عصرنا الراهن في تبيين مفاهيم ديننا االسالمي الحنيف المبنية على أسس السالم والرحمة,
واحترام الجنس البشري, وتكريم الحق تبارك وتعالى له, ونبذ العنف والتطرف الذي أصبح اليوم تهمة ملصقة عند كثير ممن جهل دعوة الحق.
كما تهدف أيضا إلى تبيين أهمية دور رجال العلم والتربية في إبراز مفاهيم القدوة الحسنة ال سيما في العصور المتأخرة التي نطق فيها أهل
.الجهال