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The Impact of Incentives and Job Satisfaction towards Job Performance among Public Sector Doctors in Jordan: A Review of Literature
No full textThe different kinds of incentives (financial, moral and grant specialization to
doctors) are playing a prominent role in influencing the performance of doctors in
public sector in Jordan, and guide their behavior to achieve the public health sector
goals. The subject of incentives has become the focus of many management scholars
and researchers because of the strong correlation between incentives, job satisfaction
and job performance. Several theories such as Maslow’s human needs theory ,
Herzberg two factors theory and other theories became the basis of many studies and
researches of incentives and job satisfaction, hence the scholars and researchers were
interested in studying job performance academically as a part of organization
psychology, also it has become a part of human resources management This paper
aims to know the relationship between incentives (financial, moral, and grant
specialization to doctors) and the performance of doctors in public sector in Jordan.
The study also tries to prove in literature either the job satisfaction act as a mediator
variable between incentives and job performance or not
Pollution Sources Identification of Water Quality Using Chemometrics: a Case Study in Klang River Basin, Malaysia
No full textThe objectives of this paper are to review the status of Klang River Basin and to investigate the most significant pollutant using chemometric techniques. The extraction of secondary physico-chemical water quality data by Department of Environment, Malaysia from 2003 to 2007 were taken. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) used to identify the significant water quality parameters and Abso-lute Principal Component Scores-Multiple Linear Regression (APCS-MLR) was applied to evaluate which pollution source contributed the most significant from the other factors. Then, Hierarchical Agglomerative Cluster Analysis (HACA) was used to find which monitor-ing station of Klang River provided the most significant pollutant. The result shows 9 PCs (75% of the total variance) which extracted from PCA. APCS-MLR model revealed anthropogenic activities which NH3-N as the main parameter is the most significant in Klang River. Based on HACA specified 1K16 has the highest amount of NH3-N concentration in Klang River. Therefore, the utilization of envirometric techniques achieved the research objectives which will beneficial for present and future river water quality management
Propolis: Traditional uses, Phytochemical Composition and Pharmacological Properties
No full textPropolis is a sticky material manufactured by bees to build and protect their hive. Propolis had been used worldwide for years in folk medicine. The aim of this paper is to give information about traditional uses, phytochemical screening and pharmacological studies of propolis in the world by using secondary references such as journals and articles. The traditional uses of propolis include home remedies, toothpastes, mouthwashes, creams, drops, dietary supplement, anti-putrefactive, anti-pyretic agent, antiseptic, wound healing agent, tuberculosis treatment, cold syndrome, treatment of burns, acne, herpes simplex and genitalis, neurodermatitis, anti-fungal activities in ocular and vaginal infections. Phytochemical screening had shown that propolis contains anthraquinones, alkaloids, fatty acids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, triterpenes, tannins and volatile oils. Propolis has pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antitumor, antioxidant and anti-cancer. Based on this article, propolis has many function and can be used in future as an alternative medicine
Physicochemical Characteristics and Sensory Evaluation of Mixed-Fruit Leather
No full textThe objective of the present study was to investigate the physicochemical characteristics and sensory acceptance of mixed-fruit leather prepared from bananas, pineapples, and watermelons. Four different compositions of mixed-fruits (Control = 33 g banana + 33 g pineap-ple + 33 g watermelon; 50B = 50 g banana + 25 g pineapple + 25 g watermelon; 50P = 50 g pineapple + 25 g banana + 25 g watermelon; 50W = 50 g watermelon + 25 g banana + 25 g pineapple) were produced. The results from the proximate analysis showed that mixed-fruit leather 50B contained higher moisture, crude protein, and crude fat compared to other samples. The highest carbohydrate content was recorded in sample 50P. Water activity of all mixed-fruits leathers were lower than 0.5. The lowest pH (4.01) and the highest total titratable acidity (0.14) were recorded in sample 50P. A 50P mixed-fruit leather possessed the highest L* and b* values whereas 50W had the highest a* value. The textural properties of all samples were not significantly different. All mixed-fruit leathers were accepted by the panellist. The results obtained from the present study showed that mixed-fruit leather has the potential to be produced as a healthy snack
Seasonal Variation of Water Quality at Sungai Chanteq and Sungai Dendong
No full textWater is important for all living things as water is one of the components build up in plant, animal and human.
Rivers are an important source for domestic, industrial as well as agriculture sector. The aim of this study to assess
the physicochemical and biological parameter from two rivers located at Pasir akar and Tembila. Water Quality
Index (WQI) related to the quality status of the water. Two sampling stations in different rivers were sampled from
December 2017 until March 2018. Eight water quality parameters were analyzed based on in-situ and ex-situ analysis
at two different time. This experiment conducted according to HACH and American Public Health Association
(APHA) methods. Based on the Malaysia WQI, the shows the classification water quality value for Sungai Dendong
and Sungai Chanteq are 71.56 (class III) and 89.99 (class II), respectively. Based on the water class and guideline
treatment of Malaysia, class II for water quality need conventional requirement to treat the water, while class III need
extensive treatment to serve in the agricultural sector surround the area
Breakfast Intake and its Association with Body Mass Index among Pre-schoolers in Taska Permata Keluarga Kuala Nerus, Terengganu
No full textIn Malaysia, breakfast is the most frequently skipped meal. Skipping breakfast has been
associated with an increased risk of childhood obesity. However, this relationship has not been
investigated widely among preschoolers in Malaysia. Hence, this cross-sectional study aimed to
determine the association between breakfast intake and Body Mass Index (BMI) among
preschoolers in Taska Permata Keluarga (TPK), Kuala Nerus. A total of 131 Malays preschoolers
aged four to six years old were recruited from nine TPK using convenience sampling method.
Information on sociodemographic, breakfast intake pattern and anthropometric measurements
(weight and height) were obtained. Respondents consisted of 74 (56.5%) boys and 57 (43.5%)
girls. Anthropometric results showed that 8.4% preschoolers were overweight and obese. Among
the preschoolers, 22.1% of them were breakfast skippers. In terms of gender breakdown, 20.3%
boys and 24.6% girls skipped breakfast. There was a significant association between breakfast
intake and BMI status among preschoolers (p = 0.003). This indicated that preschoolers that
skipped breakfast were associated with overweight or obese compared to those who consumed
breakfast daily. Breakfast consumption is a marker of a healthy lifestyle which can reduce the risk
of childhood obesity. This habit should be inculcated during this critical period of life in which
parents play a vital role in promoting breakfast consumption among preschoolers
New Approach in Analyzing Risk Level of Flood in Tropical Region: A Case Study at Pahang River Basin, Malaysia
No full textThis study focuses on flood risk recognition factor that leads to major contribution of floods in Pahang River basin, identify the correlation
between variables and determine factor that influence the flood risk pattern in Pahang. Four hydrological variables been applied.
Chemometric technique of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method and Statistical Process Control (SPC) method were being applied
to identify the main contributor for flood, predicting hydrological modeling and risk of flood occurrence at Pahang river basin.
Findings from Principal Component Analysis (PCA) confirmed that all selected variables were significant. The relationship between
Suspended Solid and Stream Flow with Water Level were very high with correlation of coefficient value more than 0.7. SPC set up a
new control limit for all variables. Data beyond the Upper Control Limit (UCL) value is considered as high risk for flood occurrence.
Most of the trend pattern showed in year 2007 as high peak. Rapid development growth and anthropogenic activities caused the sediment
of Suspended Solid triggered the Water Level and Stream Flow to arise than normal level. Thus, local authority should take earlier precaution
for flood prevention and emergency responses plan at the study area for any development of land by takes obligatory action to
the developers especially those development that arise along river channel
Isolation and Molecular Cloning of Carbohydrate Binding Module (CBM40) From Vibrio cholerae Non-O1 Neuraminidase
No full textCarbohydrate binding modules (CBMs) are discrete contiguous amino acid sequence within a carbohydrate-active enzyme which are, non-catalytic modules that primarily exist to target parent enzyme to its substrate for efficient hydrolysis. Although many sialidase proteins have been identified from various pathogenic bacteria, only a few enzymes are commercially available which have been used for chemoenzymatic syntheses and therapeutics application. In order to study family 40 CBM domain, a number of bacteria have been screened including Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 33862, Salmonella thypii ATCC 14028 and Vibrio cholerae Non-O1. A gene encoding CBM40 domain was screened from all the bacteria strains and subjected to PCR amplification. From all the samples tested, only Vibrio cholerae Non-O1 amplified a PCR product with approximate size of 530 bp. From BLAST sequence analysis, result has shown 99% similarity with the target Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase, NanH (M83562). Next, the confirmed CBM40 gene was further ligated into pGEMT Easy Vector system and transformed into E. coli JM109 host to secure the clone before re-ligated into suitable expression vector
The Factors of Cyber Bullying and the Effects on Cyber Victims
No full textCases concerning cyber-bullying are now rising in
Malaysia. It often happens between students. However, kids and
adults can also become victims of this crime. Cyber-bullying is a
common problem worldwide and it happens almost in every
nation in the world especially western countries. What is cyberbullying?
Cyber-bullying is an act where the doer proposes an
information and action intentionally to hurt individual or group
mentally. They do not specifically target any gender or age. This
research focused on university students in Malaysia that are
directly involved with cyberbully whether they are a victim or
the doer. The objective of this research is to analyze the daily
usage of the internet of students, and what kind of cyber bully
that happens and what are the factors that encourage cyber
bullies. The researcher used a descriptive style by using a
questionnaire to scrutinize this cyberbullying problem. Based on
the result, it shows that cyberbullying crime are rising between
students, but the victims usually do not care much, and they
chose not to take an action. This led to much more cyberbullying
personnel to be created as they thought that no one
would ever take any action to them and they do not consider as a
form of crime
CYTOTOXICITY AND ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF ANNONA MURICATA AQUEOUS LEAVES EXTRACT AGAINST DENGUE VIRUS TYPE 2
No full textIn this study, Annona muricata aqueous leaves extract was tested against dengue virus type 2.
Firstly, the cytotoxicity of A. muricata was evaluated using a cell viability assay. The
cytotoxicity of A. muricata on Vero cells was tested and the value of cytotoxic concentration,
CC50 was ~2.5 mg/ml and the 50% Effective Concentration, EC50 was ~ 0.20 mg/ml.
Selectivity index of extract against DENV-2 was more than 10 indicating potential as antiviral
agent. Cells were pre- and post-treated with the extract and the viral inhibitory effect was
investigated by observing the morphological changes, which were further confirmed the
cellular viability evaluated by MTT technique. The results revealed that the post-treatment
was more effective in inhibiting viral replication compared to pre-treatment. The findings
indicated that A. muricata has good potential for prospective nature-based antiviral drug