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Microstructural changes in the thyroid gland of the preweaning and weaning rats after heterotypic stress
No full textChronic stress modulates the activity of various neuroendocrine axes; while activation pattern of the hypothalamo-hypophyseo-adrenal
axis (HHAA) is studied in details, the response of the hypothalamo-hypophyseo-thyroid axis (HHTA) is less understood, especially in
terms of its response to different types of stressors by the follicular and parafollicular compartments of the thyroid gland. Recent papers
presented data on the inhibitory effect of chronic stress on the HHTA, while exercise and low temperature were shown to be able to
activate its function. Most studies were done on the adult experimental animals using genetic studies without consideration of the
structural changes in the peripheral link of the HHTA in the growing body. Reports on the effect of the chronic variable stressors on the
thyroid gland in early life are scarce, though during this period neuroendocrine axes are extremely sensitive to different adverse factors,
such as stress, infection, inflammation and environmental changes. The objective of this research is to assess the microscopic changes in
the thyroid gland of the preweaning and weaning rats exposed to chronic heterotypic stress compared to the homotypic one. Homo- or
heterotypic stressors were chronically applied to the preweaning and weaning rat pups. After the end of the last stress session the
animals were euthanized, thyroid gland was sampled, embedded in paraffin, sectioned and stained for thyroglobulin, calcitonin,
proliferative cells nuclear antigen (PCNA) and caspase 3. The mucosa of the alimentary tract of the experimental animals was
examined and the thymus and the adrenal glands were sampled and weighed to evaluate the depth of stress-induced changes in the body.
Immunologically stained slides of the thyroid gland were assessed using Image Pro+ software. Our study showed that chronic stress
resulted in the structural and immunohistochemical changes of the thyroid gland in the preweaning and weaning experimental animals
which indicate an inhibition of its function in the type of stress-related pattern. Both homo- and heterotypic stressors caused microscopic
alterations in the thyroid gland, the extent of which depended both on the initial age of the experimental animal and the type of the
stressor applied. The number and the size of the thyroglobulin-positive cells significantly decreased, and the volume density of the
apoptotic cells significantly increased in the heterotypically stressed rat pups of both age subgroups with higher level of significance in
the preweaning age subgroup. The number of calcitoninocytes was significantly increased in the weaning rat pups exposed to the
heterotypic stress. The number of PCNA-positive cells significantly decreased only in the heterotypic stress group of both ages with
higher level of significance in the preweaning age subgroup. A positive correlation was found between the volume density of the
thyroglobulin-positive cells and the severity of the accidental thymic involution. Thus, our research demonstrated that weaning period is
very sensitive to chronic stress for the thyroid gland of the experimental animals which by this age becomes mature enough to
differentially respond to the various types of stress (homotypic versus heterotypic) both by the thyroid follicular and parafollicular
compartments, and that thymus plays an important role in the functional capacity of the thyroid gland during stress in early life
الألفاظ المعرَّبة والدخيلة في جريدة الشرق الأوسط دراسة تطبيقية تحليلية لمفردات التقنية Arabized and exotic words in the Middle East newspaper Applied analytica study of technical vocabulary
No full textThe problem of this study Lies on how common is the use of Arabized and exotic words in the
Middle East newspaper and method of use, this study aims to highlight areas that use Arabized
and exotic words and disclosure of its inner meanings, highlighting the most famous of these words
used in the Middle East newspaper, state its implications, expressed the rules of its application, by
collecting some of the Arabized and exotic words technical terms of fields and searched for in the
same newspaper, The researcher use in his study the curriculum of inductive and analytical,
following the method of collection and survey of the words and the meanings and by stating the
areas they were revealed with its morphological weights, in addition to the comparison between
the letters of the original language and highlight what has been Arabized, the researcher concluded
at the end of his studies to many results, including: the possibility of using the rules and regulations
that approached by the old linguists in Arabizing the non-Arabic words and applied to the words
of both the audio side or morphological side grammar
The effectiveness of task-based instruction on the reading comprehension ability of EFL students at the University of Tabuk
No full textThe present study examined the effectiveness of task-based instruction (TBI) in improving the reading
comprehension ability of EFL students at the University of Tabuk. In order to conduct this study, 80 EFL
students at the University of Tabuk, who have taken Placement Test (TUPT) as a pre-test, were chosen for the
study. The participants of the study were selected randomly. The researcher used reading comprehension tasks
and Placebo Task (Pre- / Post-test) as the research instruments of the study. The findings of this study revealed
that students in the experimental group outperformed students in the control group. Thus, task-based instruction
was considered to be effective in increasing the reading comprehension ability
Environmental effects on germination and seedling emergence of weedy rice
No full textThe objective of this study is to determine the germination and growth of weedy rice seedlings that were grown
under four different environmental conditions simulated in either growth chamber or room conditions.
Photoperiod (24 h light, 24 h dark, 12 h light-dark), drought (0, 5, 10, 20 %) and temperature (25, 30, 35, 40 °C)
effects were tested in growth chamber while the flooding depth (0, 2.5, 5, 10 cm) effects was tested in room
condition. Germination percentage was not significantly affected (p > 0.05) by either of the environmental
factors except for flooding depth at 10 cm. Temperature treatment specifically at 30 °C showed a pronounced
effect on hypocotyl length, radicle length and root-shoot ratio compared to other temperature range. Highest
hypocotyl length and root-shoot ratio were recorded in 10 % drought treatment and longest radicle length
obtained in control treatment. Meanwhile, a continuous dark condition in photoperiod treatment showed the
highest hypocotyl length in comparison to 24 hours of light and alternate 12 hours of light and dark. Highest
radicle length and root-shoot ratio were obtained in 24 hours of light and 12 hours alternate light and dark
respectively. Growth of weedy rice exhibited a declining trend in increasing flooding depth. The result of this
study suggests that germination was retarded by deep flooding. Temperature and flooding depth affects the
vegetative growth of weedy rice the most and sustained growth was observed at higher temperature regime. The
information gained from this study may be useful in assessing the growth performance of weedy rice in relation
to cultivated rice, and further helps in developing effective Malaysian weedy rice control strategies
Detection of Arsenic (As) and Copper (Cu) in Mud Crabs (Scylla serrata) and in Water Samples at Sungai Balok, Pahang
No full textThe study was aimed to determine the level of arsenic (As) and copper (Cu) in organs of mud crabs (gills
andtissues),ScyllaserrataandinriverwateratSungaiBalok,Pahang.Themudcrabs(n=8) andwatersamples
were collected from five sampling stations in Sungai Balok. The study also determined the water quality
parameters and Water Quality Index (WQI) of Sungai Balok. The mud crabs’ tissues and gills were digested
by using acid digestion method based on the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC). The
concentration of heavymetalsinmud crabs’tissues and gills as well asthe river watersamples were analysed
by using Inductive Coupled Plasma Micro Spectrometer (ICP-MS). The present result showed The highest
content level of As and Cu in mud crabs’ tissue and gills was during dry seasons (March 2019) 3.03 ± 0.64
& 0.38 ± 0.16 ppm and 7.57 ± 0.72 & 6.98 ± 0.53 ppm. The level of As and Cu showed that there were
significantly different (p<0.05) in mud crabs’ tissue and gills. Content level of both As and Cu in the water
was 0.02 ± 0.01 ppm. The As and Cu levelsin mud crabs were higherthan the permissible limitsfrom World
Health Organisation (2012), Federation of European Producers of Abrasives(FEPA) and Joint FAO/WHO
Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). The As and Cu levels in Sungai Balok water were lower
than the permissible limit from World Health Organisation (WHO) and Federation of European Producers
of Abrasives. The WQI for Sungai Balok water was classified in Class III according to National Water
Quality Standards for Malaysia (NWQS), which means the water was slightly polluted
The use of mind mapping strategy to improve speaking competency among EFL primary school students
No full textThe goal of learning the English language is the ability to communicate in the language. Thus,
teaching and learning of speaking is an indisputable requirement in the English Language as
a foreign language classroom. However, EFL students have problems with spoken English,
may be as a result of poor motivation to speak the language, language anxiety, or lack of
effective teaching and learning strategies. In order to broaden the understanding of the way to
improve speaking competency among EFL students, this conceptual paper attempts to examine
the application of the mind mapping strategy to improve speaking competency among EFL
primary school students through a critical analysis of the related literature by addressing the
following research questions; what are the problems and difficulties that EFL students face
while they are speaking in the classroom? And to what extent does the use of mind mapping
strategy help to improve EFL students’ speaking skills in the classroom? Based on embedding
theories and previous studies concerning the use of mind mapping strategy in speaking
activities, this paper offers great practical guidance on the contextualization of the mind
mapping strategy and recommendations for its future as an effective strategy to improve
speaking’ competency in the classroom
Mediating role of leadership styles on the relationship between recruitment and selection and employee satisfaction among telecommunication employees
No full textThis paper aims to identify and understand the mediating role of leadership styles on
the association that exists between recruitment and selection and employee
satisfaction. This study was conducted among 203 employees from four
telecommunication companies in Yemen, namely Sabafon, MTN and Yemen mobile.
Statistical Package for the Social Sciences tool was used and several statistical methods were involved in the data and statistical analysis including the maximum
likelihood estimate. Regression techniques were applied to understand the
dimensionality of the variables. The results showed that recruitment and selection
has positive relationship on employee satisfaction. In addition, leadership is
positively mediating the relationship between recruitment and selection and
employee satisfaction. Moreover, the findings showed that appropriate process of
recruitment, selection will lead the managers and management to a new dimension
with holistic approach in the employee satisfaction arena. Based on the study
findings, practical and theoretical implications were discussed
Analisis Garis Panduan Agihan Zakat (Had Al-Kifayah) Majlis Agama Islam Dan Adat Melayu Terengganu (MAIDAM)
No full textḤadd al-kifāyah di dalam sistem zakat adalah satu instrumen bagi mengukur sama ada
seseorang Muslim perlu membayar zakat atau menjadi penerima zakat. Selain itu,
menjadi satu perkara yang penting bagi institusi-institusi zakat memastikan kerelevenan
ḥadd al-kifāyah dengan kos sara hidup semasa kerana peningkatan kos sara hidup
sentiasa meningkat dari masa ke semasa. Data daripada Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia
(JPM) yang dikeluarkan secara dwitahunan menunjukkan berlaku peningkatan kos sara
hidup rakyat Malaysia khususnya di Terengganu dari tahun ke tahun. Maka kajian ini
akan mengenalpasti dan menganalisis ḥadd al-kifāyah yang digunakan oleh institusi
zakat di Terengganu dengan perbandingan beberapa item yang terpilih dan bersesuaian
dengan elemen-elemen ḥadd al-kifāyah di dalam Indeks Harga Pengguna yang
digunakan oleh Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia. Kajian ini merupakan kajian dalam
bentuk kualitatif dengan reka bentuk kajian penerokaan (exploratory research). Hasil
kajian mendapati terdapat satu jumlah perbezaan yang ketara antara ḥadd al-kifāyah
yang digunakan oleh Majlis Agama Islam dan Adat Melayu Terengganu dengan konsep
ḥadd al-kifāyah yang dibina daripada elemen-elemen yang boleh diterima pakai sebagai
elemen ḥadd al-kifāyah dalam Indeks Harga Pengguna. Oleh itu, ḥadd al-kifāyah yang
diamalkan perlu diperbaharui secara berkala agar sentiasa releven dengan ḥadd alkifāyah yang diperlukan oleh masyarakat semasa
Penerapan uslub dakwah dalam politik di Kelantan
No full textPenerapan uslub dakwah dalam arena politik khususnya di Kelantan kini menjadi penyumbang utama
dalam proses penyampaian mesej dakwah kepada masyarakat. Antara permasalahan kajian ini ialah
pengaruh Islam menjadi aspek utama penerimaan dalam masyarakat terhadap golongan agamawan.
Golongan agamawan menghayati sepenuhnya peluang ini untuk kesejahteraan kepada rakyat dan
agama. Masyarakat Kelantan yang mempunyai asas agama yang tinggi sentiasa menilai terhadap setiap
pendekatan politik yang dilaksanakan di negeri itu. Ini menunjukkan bahawa pendekatan politik
agamawan lebih mendapat sambutan daripada masyarakat Kelantan. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk
mengenal pasti uslub dakwah dalam politik di Kelantan. Kajian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif
yang berbentuk analisis dokumen. Dapatan awal kajian ini mendapati bahawa uslub dakwah dalam
politik sangat berperanan dalam mempengaruhi masyarakat. Pendekatan keilmuan, kebajikan dan
keadilan dan meletakkan nilai-nilai Islam sebagai elemen utama dalam pentadbiran menjadi ukuran
untuk masyarakat memberi sokongan dan menerima golongan agamawan sebagai peneraju kuasa
pemerintahan. Pendekatan ini selari dengan fitrah kehidupan masyarakat Kelantan serta kehidupan
mereka lebih terjamin dan berkebajikan
Elimination and Kinetics of Ammonium Ions from Waste Water Using by Zeolite (NaY) Preparing from Agriculture Waste
No full textZeolite NaY prepared by ash from rice husk used for elimination of ammonium from aqueous solutions.
Its performance investigation was compared with natural zeolite granulated formed and powdered
mordenite. Natural zeolite mordenite and prepared Zeolite NaY were characterized by Energy
Dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and total cation exchange capacity (CEC) was
measured. Measured cation exchange capacity (CEC) of zeolite NaY was 3.15 meq g-1, powdered
mordenite was 1.46 meq g1 and granular mordenite 1.34 meq g-1. Kinetics of adsorption and for the
deletion of NH4+ ions of equilibrium data from aqueous solutions were examined by fitting the
investigational data to various models of reaction order. NH4
+ adsorption on zeolite NaY and mordenite
powder followed Pseudo-second-order reaction kinetically. Compared to all isotherms equations, the
equilibrium pattern fits well to the Langmuir isotherm equation. The adsorption capacity of the monolayer
for powdered mordenite 14.99 mg g- and granular mordenite 13.56 mg g- to be very lower than that
zeolite Y was found 43.25 mg g-. Compared to natural mordenite, it can be concluded that zeolite Y
synthesized from ash husk is a better sorbent for ammonia removal from aqueous solutions predicted to
its higher adsorption capacity and rapid adsorption rate