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Predictive equations for assessing body composition in paediatric population using DXA as the reference method: A systematic review
No full textIntroduction: A simple and practical method such as bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and the anthropometric predictive equation is important to assess the body compositor) of pediatrics for the prevention and management of childhood obesity. Objective: To review the WA- and anthropometric-based predictive equations for assessing body composition in pediatric populations using dual -Energy X-ray absorptiometry IDXA) as the reference method from observational studies Methodology: Comprehensive search of English articles was conducted from electronic databases of PubMed (2005 2020), Scopus (2005-2020). Search terms included predictive equation, bioelectrical impedance analysts (BIA), anthropometric, skinfold, body composition, fat mass, fat-free mass, pediatric populations, children, adolescents, and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The included studies were those that use WA and/or anthropometry as predictor variables, relative or absolute fat mass (FM) or fat-free mass (FFM) were assessed, and using DXA as the reference method for the healthy pediatric population aged between 2-21 years old. Data extraction was conducted by researcher using predefined data fields, followed by study quality assessment using the Effective Public Health Practice protect (ERHP Ft) Results: A total of 16 studies (25 equations) were included, with the majority of the equations developed from western countries, cross-sectional study design, and with a moderate rating of study quality. Development of predictive equations produces R2 ranges from 0.64 to 0.99, with a low level of RMSE and CV Only 8 out of 16 studies were cross-validated which have high RI ranges from 0.80 to 0.99, with reasonable value for PE, ICC, bias, and limits of agreement. Conclusion: In conclusion, all of the included BIA- and anthropometric predictive equation appears to be acceptable and valid to be used as an alternate method of DXA in the current clinical and held settings. Nevertheless, more validation of predictive equation needs to be done especially in Asian countries
Identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from Dorper sheep milk with subclinical-mastitis infection by a uniplex PCR using 16S rRNA, lasI/R, gyrB and ecfX genes
No full textPseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic and versatile pathogenic bacterium that can adapt in various
environmental condition, which play a role in multiple virulence factor and resistance to antibiotics.
Moreover, molecular identification techniques using single target gene is more susceptible to error and false
positive. Thus, the detection of this strain with high specificity and sensitivity is crucial in order to control this
pathogenic bacterium. The aim of this study was to evaluate six bacteria strains isolated from Dorper sheep
milk’s samples (13-1, 66-1, 00-1, 46-1, 10-R and 67-1) and two P. aeruginosa ATCC strains (ATCC BAA-2108
and ATCC27853) for prompt identification of the strains based on uniplex polymerase chain reaction which
targeting PA-SS, PA-GS, lasI/R, gyrB and ecfX genes. In the present study, the Dorper sheep milk’s samples
(n = 32) were collected and tested with California mastitis test (CMT). Out of 32 samples, six of the samples
were detected with strong mastitis, and thus were continued with inoculation process on selective media
Pseudomonas Agar P (for pyocyanin) or F (fluorescein) and MacConkey agar for differentiation. After extraction
of the bacteria chromosomal DNA, uniplex PCR amplification were carried out by using 16S rRNA (PA-SS
and PA-GS) primers and specific P. aeruginosa genes (lasI/R, gyrB and ecfX) primers. The specificity of the
primers was also examined by non-Pseudomonas species as a control for data comparison. Sequence analysis
has revealed that six of the isolated strains were confirmed as P. aeruginosa strains with the respective genes
sequence confirmed by BLAST and Clustal Omega. From this study, lasI/R, gyrB and ecfX were highly
reliable primers with the percentage of identification of more than 95-100% as compared to PA-SS and PAGS which were less than 90%. This study concludes that highly specific and sensitive assay has been
developed using lasI/R, gyrB and ecfX targeted genes for the detection of P. aeruginosa strains isolated from
fresh sheep milk samples
Investigation on rejection efficiency, flux and morphology of PES-surfactant membranes using RSM-CCD methodology and SEM assessment
No full textA well-functioning membrane such as high rejection efficiency and high flux rate is indeed the main goal in a study. In
fact, so many studies on the factors that affect the membrane are carried out, such as pressure rate, polymer type,
additive type, temperature effect during fabrication and so on. Therefore, the development of analytical modeling is
vital to predict the optimal performance in good membrane production. Therefore, in this study, the main objective is
to develop analytical modeling using Response Surface (RS) methodology for Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) surfactant
membrane, and also to determine the factors used such as polymer concentration and dye concentration in the
experiment is statistically significant. The performance selected in this study were the rejection efficiency and the flux
rate. Through the choice of Central Composite Design (CCD) that have been selected from the RS methodology,
analytical modeling has been made through the development of an experimental framework that will be used to
collect input. Modeling from the RS methodology will provide insights to predict the relationship between response
parameters as well as statistically significant factors between input and output. Through the experimental data
collected, the data were processed through ANOVA to determine the statistical validation of the adopted RS
methodology. From the results of the experiments, the highest rejection efficiency and flux rate were 99.3% and
43.962 (L.m2 / h), respectively. 3D graphs, 2d contours, and equations for rejection efficiency and flux rate were
developed as a result of analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Membrane surface morphology was analysed using Scanning
Electron Microscopy (SEM) in determining membrane structures such as macrovoids, finger-like and spongy
On damping parameters of Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm for nonlinear least square problems
No full textThe Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm is a widely used method for solving problems related to nonlinear least
squares. The method depends on a nonlinear parameter μ known as self-scaling parameter that affects the
performance of the algorithm. In this paper we examine the effect of various choice of parameters and of relaxing the
line search. Numerical results obtained are used to compare the performance using standard test problems which
show that the proposed alternatives are promising
