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Perjanjian Perdagangan Bebas (FTA) antara Malaysia dan Negara Kerjasama Teluk (GCC): satu Kajian Empirik
No full textThe main objective of this research paper is to examine the possible trade impact on the proposed Free Trade Agreement (FTA) between Malaysia and Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). The study employ panel gravity model on export, import, income, population, size of the country, distance between countries, bilateral exchange rate, and two dummy variables to represent GCC countries and countries that have FTA with Malaysia from 2002 to 2009. In general, the finding
shows the significant impact of the economic size and distance to the total bilateral trade with Malaysia. However, the study statistically fail to prove the significant effect of FTAs to the total trade
Factors that influence albuminuria among type 2 diabetes mellitus at primary healthcare clinics in Negeri Sembilan 2007.
No full textIntroduction: Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease and major cause of chronic renal disease. Chronic renal disease can be prevented if known risk factors were been early
detected. Albuminuria is the earliest clinical evidence of chronic renal disease. Objectives of this study is to identify the incidence of albuminuria and relationship
between albuminuria with socio demographic and clinical factors such as blood sugar control, blood pressure control, excessive body mass index and hypercholesterolemia.
Methodology: Data been collected from patient’s record that been regularly follow up at Primary Healthcare Clinics in Negeri Sembilan. Duration of study follow up was from the
date of they been diagnosed of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 until detection of albuminuria or 1st July 2007,end date of data collection then survival analysis been done.
Result: Majority of study population was female 60.9% and Malay 69.7%. Mean age was 59.9 ± 10.7 and duration having Diabetes Mellitus was 7.0 ± 6.3 years. Only 22% achieved optimum glucose (HbA1c < 6.5%), controlled blood preassure 130/80 mmHg 42.3%, level of cholesterol <4.5 mmol/L only 22.7 %, 11.4% of patients having ideal body weight < 23 kg/m2. The incidence of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 was 24.4 cases per 1000 population. The median of follow up duration was 22 years; with minimum follow up was 7 months and maximum 42 years. Survival analysis showed that the median of free albuminuria among cases was 22 years (CI 95%:16.5 – 27.4). The log rank test showed no significant relationship between high blood pressure, excessive body mass index and hypercholesterolemia with albuminuria. This study noted that the occurrence of albuminuria seems to be higher among those were hypertensive (26.6%), and excessive body mass index (24.7%).
Conclusion: Percentage of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 patient that achieved optimum clinical target still very low. Early detection of albuminuria is very important as preventive
measure of diabetes nephropathy. Good blood pressure control and ideal bodyweight also prevent of occurring diabetes nephropathy complication
Non-verbal cues: an inevitable assesing skils in doctor-patient relationship
No full textIntroduction: Non-verbal cues are untold words that carry a significant meaning. As a doctor, this remark needs to be perceived correctly. It is an inevitable communication knowledge and skills ought to be mastered in any doctorpatient relationship, particularly when making patient’s assessment.
Methodology: This was a systematic communication assessment of a real observations on doctor-patient relationship in various setting. It was supported by feedbacks from many scholars who were involved in research and teaching and also reviews, papers and studies on the said subject.
Results: It has been realized that non-verbal communication was equally important and necessary to complement the verbal one. From all non-verbal cues we have recognized and listed, we have identified at least ten to be the most
vital areas to be observed while counseling or consulting a patient.
Conclusion: Non-verbal cues were always present to support doctor in making a final conclusion about his/her patient’s state. If doctor was patience enough, he or she could has a complete profile of his/her patient and this would lead
to the improvement in a person’s life. Having an observant attitude and being able to nose around appropriately were skills that have to be learnt, experienced and applied as these might make an effective doctor-patient
communication
Sustainability of internet usage: a study among malay youth in Kota Bharu, Kelantan
No full textThis article discusses the issue of sustainability of internet usage. It is based on the study on Internet usage among Malay youths in Kota Bharu, Kelantan. The objectives of the study are to determine the factors which have positive and negative effects on sustainable usage of the Internet with respect to Malay youths and to identify the predictor factors for sustainability of Internet usage among Malay youths. This study is based on a model derived from diffusion of innovation theory, i.e. the innovation decision process model, by Rogers (2001). To determine sustainability, four variables were used viz. indispensability, relevance, gratification and beneficial. Six factors were used to measure their effects, either positive or negative, on sustainability of Internet usage. Communication channels, perceived and realized benefits and interpersonal and social network were the factors used to gauge positive effects on sustainability of Internet usage, while security concern and interruptions, moral issues and cost of maintenance and computer upgrade were used to gauge negative effects. This study used the survey research for obtaining data. Some 225 respondents were sampled from the Malays in Kota Bharu, Kelantan. They were interviewed using a standard questionnaire. Inferential statistics comprising multiple regression were used to analyse the data. The results of the study showed that Interpersonal and social network and perceived and realized benefits have significant positive effects on sustainability of Internet usage. The results also showed that issues relating to security concerns and interruptions have significant negative effect on the sustainability of Internet usage. Therefore, the factors which affect sustainability of usage should be given priority in the implementation of Internet and ICT related projects
The relationship between leadership and productivity: a case study on public managers in Guilan Province, Iran
No full textThe purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between public managers’ leadership style, their creativity, and productivity of state organizations in Guilan Province of Iran. It emphasizes the transformational and transactional leadership style exhibited by public managers during the implementation of the Reform Program. The leadership style, the ability to influence people to achieve desired goals and creativity, the ability to mingle ideas in making unusual relationship between different ideas are treated as the independent variables while the demographic characteristics of the public managers such as sex, age, education level, and experience are treated as the modifying variables. Productivity, the degree by which to measure an organization’s success at efficiently using resources to achieve objectives, is the dependent variable of the study. The study combines both the quantitative and the qualitative methods. In the quantitative section, four clusters of hypothesis are used to investigate the relationship between leadership, creativity and productivity in target population group. Findings of the study show that the dominant exhibited leadership style of public managers is the transactional style, because of the belief in the stability of the system. In the hypothesis testing most of the major hypotheses are accepted. This indicates that there is a significant correlation between public managers’ leadership style, their creativity and productivity of state organizations. Nevertheless, transactional leadership style as a single approach is not an effective style to achieve the Reform Program’s objectives, because transactional leaders did not put attention on developing followers to achieve their full potential. Hence, public managers must select the mix style of transformational and transactional leadership in order to be more effective. Results from the qualitative analysis demonstrates that the general performance of the main Reform Program’s objectives such as the performance of the Development and Planning Council, the improvement of public participation, and attraction and retention of experts and professionals, have received less favorable responses in the Reform Program. The lack of productivity and responsibility, shortcomings of the economic policies and disposition of public interest, and lack of flexible payments were due to such a reaction. However, managers believe that human resource development and structural reorganization, during the Reform Program have been generally efficient
Pemuliharaan Geowarisan di Langkawi Geopark, Malaysia
No full textRock outcrops of Langkawi Islands are among the best known in Malaysia, exhibiting various types of sedimentary rocks throughout Palaeozoic Era and granitic rocks of Late Triassic age. On 1st June 2007 Langkawi Geopark was declared as the 52nd member of Global Geoparks Network (GGN) assisted by UNESCO. The declaration was based on the presence of several geoheritage sites and geological landscapes of national and regional significance. Among them are the oldest rock unit and oldest fossils, most complete Palaeozoic geological history and rocks, best evidences linking Langkawi islands with Gondwanaland, and most beautiful tropical island karst in Southeast Asian region. Under the National Forestry Act 1984, geoheritage resources in Langkawi Geopark are conserved as protected geosites, geological monuments, geoforest parks, and protected forest reserves. Among important geological monuments are Pulau Ular Abrasion Platform, Pulau Singa Kechil Transitional Formation Boundary, and Pulau Anak Tikus Fossil Bed, while geoforest parks comprise Machinchang Cambrian, Kilim Karst, and Dayang Bunting Marble Geoforest Parks. The Machinchang Cambrian Geoforest Park portrays landscape of Cambrian sandstone with oldest rock unit and fossils in the region. The Kilim Karst Geoforest Park exhibits outstanding tropical island karst made of richly fossiliferous limestone of Setul Formation, while the Dayang Bunting Marble Geoforest Park showcased another beautiful island karst landscape made mostly of marble of the Chuping Formation. Geoheritage conservation in Langkawi Geopark is under the jurisdiction of Forestry Department of Peninsular Malaysia, supported by researchers in handling issues related to carrying capacity of certain geosites and concerted efforts by multiple stakeholders in handling issues pertaining to environmental protection
Perubahan penduduk Wilayah Metropolitan Lanjutan Klang-Langat, Malaysia, 1957-2000
No full textPopulation of the Klang-Langat Extended Metropolitan Region (EMR) is changing very rapidly. The dynamics of the EMR population may be explained in several ways including its pattern of distribution, ethnic composition, rate of growth and levels of urbanisation of settlements in the peri-urban areas. This article aims at analysing patterns of population change in terms of distribution and ethnic composition. Elements of natural growth rates, migration and levels of urbanisation of the EMR will be discussed to explain the change. Data from various reports, particularly the census of housing and population of Malaysia for 1957-2000 period, were analysed. Results of the analysis show that the population of the EMR is experiencing a very rapid change in terms of distribution, ethnic compositions, rates of growth and urbanisation. Although the core area of the region is still the most densely populated, there are many evidences to support that the fringe areas of the EMR is experiencing rapid rate growth resulting from natural increase as well as in-migration of people either from the core area or outside the region. After 1990s the Malays are the majority of population of the EMR followed by the Chinese and Indians. High rates of natural increase and in-migration among the Malays to the EMR particularly the fringe areas, have contributed significantly to the process of urbanisation and rapid growth of small urban centres in the outer zones of the region. It is also found that the rate of growth of population in the core area of the EMR is on the downwards trend. In contrast the rate of growth of population in the fringe areas of the region is steadily increasing. The findings tend to support the view that expansion of an EMR occurs via the process of urbanisation of people living in the fringe zones driven by the development of manufacturing and service activities in the area. Such a pattern of change will certainly have some bearings on the future social, economic, cultural and political milieus of the EMR
Dayahuni Bandar: hubungkaitan bentuk fizikal bandar dan dayahuni setempat
No full textThis article discusses the issue of urban livability through an analysis of urban physical morphology and its relationship to existing livability of the area. The process of urbanisation itself has been on going for some time, opening up space for people migrating to the urban areas with the hope of a better life in a clean and safe environment, culminating into local livability. The article argues that good physical form, characterised by measurable physical variables, based on structured observations, can lead to a more congenial atmosphere, lively, peaceful and safe in terms of economics, social, cultural and environmental aspects, hence the livability of the place, and subsequently leading to the creation of a sustainable city. The structured observation for the study took place at 13 locations throughout the Nilai Municipality in Negeri Sembilan, which was the testbed for the research undertaken between early 2005 to late 2008. Based on nine main characteristics and 133 sub categories, the study evaluated the livability of the local urban form. The study indicated a livable city that has undergone good physical development that enabled the residents to enjoy good quality of life in a fast changing urbanisation situation. The livability of the area indicated, conducive physical traits for all ethnic groups, open and friendly with a vibrant economy, a healthy, calm and peaceful environment free from uncertainties about personal and neighburhood safety, leading to sustainable living. Such a livable city conditions is key to the development of a sustainable nation
Memahami watak Sa’aman dalam keluarga Gerilya: satu pendekatan logoterapi Frankl
No full textThe purpose of this article is to secrutinise the writing of Pramoedya Ananta Toe using the Frankl logotherapy approach, that is a method of treatment for psychology disturbance through the search for the meaning of life. Logotherapy emphasises on the importance of soul and spiritualism. Keluarga Gerilya has given readers a chance to delve into the suffering and devastation of a family during the colonial era. Through his writing, the writer succeeded in transporting his readers back to the lives and sufferings of a Dutch prisoner in Bukit Duri Prison, Jakarta, Indonesia. The characters in the story are vividly pictured and they succeeded in effectively sending across a message of human dilemma and humanity in the effort to fight the Dutch colonial shackles and regain independence for their country. The vividness of Sa’aman’s character successfully invoked the readers’ empathy for the prisoners in the camp and at the same time, appreciating the true value of humanity. By exploring the spiritual strength of Sa’aman, a freedom fighter, the readers are finally able to understand the secret for his strength and perseverance. Secrutinising this masterpiece through a psychological lens, in particular through Frankl logotherapy that revolves around the importance of meaning and purpose in life, gives opportunity to the readers to better appreciate and understand the life’s journey of a nationalist’s family
Faktor pentadbir dan pengetua dalam kecemerlangan guru cemerlang Pendidikan Islam dan guru di sekolah menengah: satu kajian kes
No full textArtikel ini bertujuan membincangkan faktor pentadbir dan pengetua dalam kecemerlangan Guru Cemerlang Pendidikan Islam (GCPI) serta guru sekolah yang lain melalui satu kajian kes. Kajian dilaksanakan di lapan buah sekolah menengah di Malaysia yang melibat temu bual bersama GCPI, rakan guru, pelajar, dan pengetua atau Penolong Kanan sekolah. Hasil temu bual ini kemudian disusun tadbir dengan program N’Vivo versi 7.0 untuk menghasilkan tema dan jadual matriks berkaitan dengan faktor pentadbir dan Pengetua dalam membantu kecemerlangan GCPI dan guru-guru di sekolah. Hasil dapatan kajian menunjukkan terdapat beberapa kreateria penting pentadbir yang dianggap membantu kepada kecemerlangan GCPI dan guru-guru di sekolah iaitu, pentadbir yang berwawasan, berkebolehan memahami guru lain, berkebolehan merancang aktiviti, adil dalam dalam memberi peluang, adil dalam memberi penghargaan, mempertahankan pelaksanaan program yang dirancang, berani membuat keputusan, terbuka, dan tegas dalam membuat keputusan. Dalam aspek pentadbiran sekolah, kelapan-lapan kriteria ini membentuk satu model faktor luaran kecemerlangan GCPI dan guru-guru di sekolah