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Elektrolit pepejal polimer 49% poli (metil metakrilat) cangkukan getah asli - litium tetrafluoroborat
Get PDFThe potential of 49% poly(methyl methacrylate) grafted natural rubber (MG49) as a solid polymer electrolyte film for application in electrochemical device system has been investigated. The MG49 films with LiBF4 as a doping salt were prepared by solution casting technique. The ionic conductivity investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed the optimum ionic conductivity was given by 25 wt% of LiBF4 salt loading with ionic conductivity value, 1.49×10-9 S.cm-1 at room temperature. The observation on structural and morphology studies have been done by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Results showed that complexation and crystallization occurred in polymer electrolyte system. This gave low electrical conductivity value eventhough the addition of LiBF4 salt has reached the optimum level
Southeast Asian regionalisn and China's soft power strategy in global age1
No full textThis article examines Southeast Asian regionalism amidst globalization in the context of China’s soft power strategy in the region. This article contends that its model of regionalism allows Southeast Asia to cope with the challenges of globalization and provides countries in the region a louder and collective voice when dealing with major powers like China. While there seems to be a convergence of Southeast Asian regionalism and China’s use of soft power, this article identifies some pitfalls that limit the luster of China’s soft power appeal in the region
Les Philosophés kurun ke-18 di Perancis: sifat-sifat reaksioner di sebalik bayang revolusioner
No full textThe Philosophés and Enlightenment were thought to play an important role in the French Revolution of 1789. They were claimed to champion radical demands for equality and democracy for the people, thus challenging the prevailing aristocratic order. It was even said that without them, the French would have not achieved political enlightenment and the revolution of 1789 might not had happened. This writing, however, questions the validity of that perception. What were the true roles of the philosophés in the revolution? Were the ideas and goals of the movement radical in the context of politics and culture of France in 18th century? This study discovered that there are solid proofs that shows that, far from championing the principles of democracy and equality for the people, the philosophés was really a movement of elites, conservatives and reactionaries, who fought to defend and further strengthening the institutions of aristocracy and monarchy in France until the revolution
Political legitimacy crisis in Indonesia: the Aceh case
No full textThe legitimacy crisis in Aceh had been in existence since the Sultanate era until the post-independent Indonesia. In this phase, the crisis centred around the issue of authority. This research discusses Aceh’s legitimacy crisis since independence until the signing of the Memorandum of Understanding between the government of Indonesia and the Free Aceh Movement (GAM) in Helsinki in 2005. During the era of the old order, the crisis had its origin in the political conflict which had erupted between the Aceh government and the central government of Indonesia after Jakarta decided to forcibly shift and merge the authority of the Aceh province into that of Northern Sumatra. The political turmoil led to the rebellion of the Darul Islam or Tentera Islam Indonesia whose cause was for the implementation of Islamic Shari’a in Aceh. Under the new order government, on the other hand, the emergence of GAM was attributed to its struggle for sovereignty or self-determination. This study reviews Habermas arguments that the cause of legitimacy crisis in capitalist countries was brought about by economic factors. In addition, Habermas also pointed out that historical issues could be the contributing factors for such crises. Using library sources and interviews, this research found that the crisis in Aceh under the old order government was attributed to the political crisis which was based on ideological factors and centred around the demand for the implementation of Islamic Shari`a. However, under the new order government, the cause for the crisis was the insistence for sovereignty or self-determination based on historical factors. The research attempts at debating the views of Habermas as a great theorist of the legitimacy crisis. In discussing a very important issue, it is obvious that he had missed the point that the cause of the legitimacy crisis is political power rather than economic factors
House price and affordability in housing in Malaysia.
No full textResidential property market in Malaysia has experienced significant price expansion over the past fifteen years with
prices, at several states, expanded at higher rates. As economic theory has explained, house price movements is
inherent with the regional economics and regional demographics such as income, cost of capital, stock prices and population change. However, sudden price change could affect home ownership to some extent. Under any
circumstances, the need for housing as a basic necessity persist. This article intend to analyse house price movements with regard affordability and availability and to some extent the possibility of wealth creation of house ownership and its influence on consumption. Discussion will also be made on the effect of the recent Budget 2008 on home
ownerships. The article will address issues pertaining to affordability level among the sampled states, availability of housing for the lower income earners and wealth created through home ownership. Since the housing industry is an
important sector to the Malaysian economy, the health of the housing market is of paramount importance and directly
correlated to ability to own and thus, the purchasing power of the public. Pronounced price fluctuation affect
ownership thus affordability and availability are much reduced. Sustained price movement can ensure sustainable
house ownerships and support the housing market thus affordability level is favourable
Pengalaman penjagaan ibu bapa tua oleh anak dewasa: satu kajian dalam kalangan penduduk melayu bandar berpendapatan rendah.
No full textThe main purpose of this article is to understand from the Islamic perspective the nature of adult children caregivers’
experiences towards their aged parents and how they manage their daily activities while caring for their own family
as well as manage their career. Phenomenology was chosen as the approach in this study. Informants were Malay adult children caring for their elderly parents aged 60 years and above, and from low income families in Kuala Lumpur. The findings encompass two major experiences of the adult children, which include their experiences before
(pre experience) and while (actual experience) caring for the elderly parents. In going through these caregiving
experiences, the informant assume the responsibility of caring (out of gratitude, dedication, sense of commitment,
reciprocity and sharing problems); logical knowledge (based on reflection of one’s past deeds); and for tangible
support (financial assistance and parents’ relationship with their daughters) and non- tangible support (such as
cleaning the house, cooking and protecting their elderly parents’ feelings). This article conclude that an adult child who wants to take care of the aged parents must start with a feeling of ‘tawakal’ (taking into account individual
strength and ability before committing to caregiving) and ends with being resolute, patient and acceptance in facing
the challenges and problems in caring for their aged parents
Historic wrecks as Salvable Maritime Property
Get PDFThe legal position regarding salvage of historic wreck, being a major form of Malaysia’s underwater cultural heritage, can be examined from the perspective of Merchant Shipping laws. However, the need for cultural and historical preservation is an obvious competing interest that must be considered. Hence the question whether the law could effectively deal with this issue. This paper examines the status of historic wreck as a salvable maritime property under Malaysian law by looking at core provisions under Merchant Shipping Ordinance 1952 and some of the universally accepted salvage law principles with particular emphasis on the requirements for a successful salvage. This paper suggests that although the Ordinance is ill-suited to deal with the specific concerns of historic wrecks in terms of preservation mechanism, certain mechanism offered are still of practical use
Proses sejatpeluhan tumbuhan terpilih sebagai kaedah mendapatkan dan menangani masalah sumber air (The evapotranspiration of selected plants for water acquisition and replenishment)
No full textTranspirasi melibatkan perpindahan wap air ke atmosfera daripada rembesan melalui sejatan stomata daun oleh perpeluhan. Istilah transpirasi digunakan dalam kajian iklim, cuaca dan hidrologi untuk mewakili kehilangan air daripada proses perpeluhan secara langsung daripada tumbuh-tumbuhan. Transpirasi ialah kuantiti air yang disejat daripada tumbuhan jika air mengalami lembapan yang optimum. Fisiologi pokok seperti saiz, luas permukaan daun dan tahap pertumbuhan sebatang pokok memainkan peranan dalam
mempengaruhi transpirasi. Kajian ini bertujuan mengenal pasti pengaruh proses transpirasi sebagai proses deuterasi (hidrasi). dengan menggunakan kaedah kerja makmal dan lapangan dalam jangka masa seminggu. Teknik timbang dan pembungkusan digunakan bagi mendapatkan kepelbagaian ukuran jumlah air yang hilang daripada tumbuhan. Pokok yang digunakan bagi kajian ini ialah pokok herba Misai Kucing atau nama saintifiknya Orthosiphon stamineus dan tergolong dalam keluarga Labiatae. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa proses transpirasi wap air dari Misai Kucing mempunyai keupayaan untuk bukan sahaja menghilangkan atau membebaskan air dalam jumlah yang banyak tetapi juga memberikan impak
kepada kelestarian sesebuah bandar. Ia bukan sahaja menjadi petunjuk tentang potensi deuterasi yang mampu dihasilkan apabila digunakan dalam bentuk produk akhir kesihatan tetapi juga dalam bentuk produk yang lebih penting bagi kehidupan manusia iaitu pengeluar oksigen (O2)
Faktor penentuan pemilihan lokasi industri pembuatan: kajian kes Kawasan Perindustrian Nilai (Factors determining the location of manufacturing industries in the Nilai Industrial Area, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia)
No full textKertas ini mengemukakan hasil kajian mengenai faktor penentuan pemilihan lokasi industri pembuatan di
kawasan perindustrian baru Nilai, Negeri Sembilan. Pengumpulan data primer dilakukan melalui tiga sumber iaitu tinjauan awal, temuduga dan soal selidik di lapangan. Berdasarkan hasil kajian boleh dirumuskan bahawa perspektif pemilihan lokasi adalah berbeza di antara firma sasaran. Bagi menjawab persoalan kajian, faktor yang mendapat nilai peratusan tertinggi berdasarkan kategori menggalakkan dan sangat menggalakkan dianggap sebagai faktor utama yang mempengaruhi perletakan industri pembuatan di kawasan Nilai. Sehubungan itu, didapati responden di kawasan kajian lebih mementingkan faktor buruh mahir iaitu buruh mahir lelaki, pasaran luar negara, kesampaian kepada kemudahan pelabuhan, kemudahan pengangkutan jalanraya dan lebuhraya serta kemudahan angkutan trela, kemudahan telekomunikasi dan
faktor tempat iaitu lokasi yang strategik. Selain itu, insentif Elaun Cukai Pelaburan (ECP) merupakan insentif yang menyebabkan pertumbuhan industri pembuatan di Nilai. Dalam konteks proses membuat keputusan lokasi pula, hasil analisis juga mendapati tiada satu firma sasaran yang berjaya mewujudkan satu proses sejajar dengan model Hayter, Jayet dan Wins dalam peringkat proses membuat keputusan walaupun firma melalui peringkat proses membuat keputusan. Dapat disimpulkan bahawa maklumat yang lengkap dan sempurna adalah kunci kepada pembuat keputusan memutuskan sebarang lokasi yang akan bersesuaian
Human rights, decentralization and maternal health in Rio de Janeiro: an NGO perspective
No full textBrazil has one of the largest rates of maternal deaths in the world and it accounts for over a quarter of Latin
America's maternal deaths. Notably, in spite of the influence of the feminist movements on reproductive
public policy making, minority women are still disproportionately affected. The highest maternal mortality
rates are among black, indigenous, and single women living in the poorest regions of Brazil. The objective of this paper is to examine the truth of this problem through the local perspective of a non-governmental organization in Deodoro. Although the data presented here is neither conclusive nor representative they show that the socioeconomic and demographic profiles of maternal deaths in the city of Rio de Janeiro reflect a vulnerable social situation. Yet, the government has remained unresponsive to the real needs of the women of Deodoro and their families, thus affirming the World Bank view that Brazil is disproportionately directing government spending for health to the affluent while the poor lack access to basic health services and receive low-quality care. There are also health sector fragmentation, loss of policy leadership, confusion of responsibilities and deterioration of services due to the adoption of top-down policies which in turn create further complications and discrepancies in health policies. This does not mean that in Deodoro the women have full control of all aspects of their reproductive life. It means that the official discourse of the modern Brazilian State was at times embraced, combined or rejected by informal local groups and individuals