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Kelestarian bandar sebagai habitat manusia
No full textThe current focus of discussion on sustainable development centres around
the various implementations of an agenda that is assumed to be accepted by
all. Various proposals at the international level are accepted and implemented
by various agencies at the local level many times without taking the local
context into consideration. The assumption of uniformity, or at least similarity
of values and priorities of cities drive current public and funding concerns. What is emphasized is the contribution of cities towards the problem and
solution of global sustainable development. While the premise is based on
good intentions, such an approach also invites contradictions between two
different scales of values and viewpoints. The paper discusses the meanings
and implications of the sustainable city, a central concern of the sustainable
development agenda in Malaysia and internationally. It argues that the choice
of definition for sustainability will influence the approach that a city is planned,
expanded and evaluated. All impact directly upon the daily life of local
residents with a culture and problems that are often different from those
perceived at the international level. Finally the paper questions whether local
identity and importance can still be defended in the increasing acceptance of
a global agenda such as that of sustainable developmen
Pembangunan instrumen kemahiran generik pelajar berasaskan penilaian pensyarah dengan menggunakan model pengukuran rasch pelbagai faset
No full textKemahiran generik adalah sesuatu yang subjektif sifatnya. Oleh itu, pengukurannya boleh dibuat melalui rangkaian
pembuktian seperti penilaian kendiri, rakan sebaya, guru atau pensyarah dan penggunaan portfolio. Kajian ini akan
menghasilkan satu instrumen dengan menggunakan salah satu daripada aspek pengukuran tersebut, iaitu penilaian
pensyarah. Instrumen ini mengandungi sembilan konstruk kemahiran, iaitu kemahiran kerja berpasukan,berkomunikasi, kepemimpinan, pemikiran kritis dan penyelesaian masalah, pembelajaran sepanjang hayat dan pengurusan maklumat, keusahawanan, etika, moral dan profesional, sosial dan pengurusan. Kajian ini menggunakan Model Pengukuran Rasch Pelbagai-Faset (Many-Facets Rasch Measurement) yang melibatkan tiga faset, iaitu pelajar,item dan pensyarah penilai serta dianalisis dengan menggunakan perisian Facets 3.64.0. Penilai terdiri daripada 17 orang pensyarah dan subjek yang dinilai ialah 194 orang pelajar tahun 1 ambilan 2008/2009 di sebuah institusi pengajian tinggi. Instrumen yang telah ditadbir menunjukkan kebolehpercayaan bagi kesemua sembilan konstruk tersebut berada di antara 0.95-0.96. Item-item juga disemak dari segi keserasian data dengan Model Pengukuran Rasch dengan melihat nilai outfit mean square dan infit mean square. Peratus persetujuan antara penilai adalah di antara 43.4% – 49.5% dan menunjukkan nilai yang melebihi daripada jangkaan Model Pengukuran Rasch. Konsistensi penilai dalam membuat penilaian juga dilihat melalui analisis fit. Berdasarkan dapatan awal yang diperoleh mendapati instrumen yang dibina sesuai untuk digunakan bagi mengukur kemahiran generik pelajar berasaskan perspektif pensyarah
Kepelbagaian Pelajar dan Sekolah: Satu Kajian Kes di Negeri Pahang
No full textKepelbagaian pelajar ialah asas untuk menginklusifkan sekolah supaya keperluan semua pelajar dapat diberi layanan
untuk mengoptimumkan pembelajaran mereka. Kajian ini adalah bertujuan untuk melihat perspektif pelajar terhadap kepelbagaian sekolah. Domain dari School Directory Inventory (Gottfredson & Jones 2001) digunakan. Kepelbagaian
sekolah dari aspek pelajar adalah merujuk kepada faktor jantina, kaum, kawasan tempat tinggal dan pendapatan
keluarga. Metodologi yang digunakan adalah kaedah tinjauan dengan menggunakan kaedah soal selidik. Kajian ini
adalah merupakan satu kajian kes yang melibatkan seramai 335 orang pelajar dari daerah Temerloh, Maran, dan
Kuantan di negeri Pahang. Data dianalisis menggunakan SPSS (Statiscal Package For The Social Science Versi 15)
menggunakan kaedah deskriptif dan inferensi iaitu min, ujian-t dan ANOVA. Melalui kajian rintis yang dilakukan di
dapati kebolehpercayaan alat kajian berdasarkan Cronbach Alfa adalah di tahap yang tinggi iaitu 0.803. Dapatan
kajian menunjukkan tahap min perspektif pelajar terhadap kepelbagaian sekolah adalah di tahap yang sederhana
iaitu 2.70. Analisis ujian-t pula menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan signifikan di bawah aras 0.5 bagi perspektif pelajar terhadap kepelbagaian sekolah berdasarkan jantina dan kaum. Berdasarkan analisis Anova, perspektif pelajar
terhadap kepelbagaian sekolah berdasarkan kaum, pendapatan keluarga dan kawasan tempat tinggal menunjukkan perbezaan signifikan. Situasi ini menunjukkan latar belakang pelajar mempunyai hubungan terhadap tahap penerimaan kepelbagaian sekolah. Implikasi kajian menunjukkan pelbagai pihak khususnya Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia seharusnya berusaha untuk meningkatkan tahap penerimaan kepelbagaian sekolah dalam kalangan pelajar bagi menjamin kualiti pendidikan bagi semua rakyat Malaysia tanpa mengira latar belakang dan keupayaan pelajar ke arah slogan “Satu Malaysia
Pembendungan dan cabaran keberkecualian: Amerika Syarikat, perang dingin dan Indonesia, 1950-1952
No full textGerakan Bahasa Cina di Malaysia, 1952-1967: hubungan bahasa dan etnik dalam masyarakat majmuk
No full textRetrospective review of facial nerve schwannomas: the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre experience
No full textFacial nerve schwannoma is a rare slow growing benign tumour which arises from the
Schwann cell of the neurilemma. A retrospective review of 6 patients who had been
diagnosed with facial nerve schwannoma between 1998 and 2008 was conducted.
There was equal distribution of male and female patients. The mean age was 42 years
(range 19 to 66 years). The tumour originated in the internal auditory canal (2 patients),
intra-temporal (3 patients) and intraparotid (1 patient) segments of the facial
nerve. All tumours were successfully removed and facial nerve continuity was pre-served in 2 cases. The presenting symptoms of facial nerve schwannoma are non
specific and dependent on the site of tumour origin. It is a great mimicker of other lesions
that can present at the same location. The surgeon should have a high index of
suspicion when patients present with progressive facial nerve palsy. Patients should
always be counselled regarding risk of facial paralysis because the diagnosis of facial
nerve schwannoma is often confirmed intra-operatively
Retrospective review of the adjunctive use of pre- operative ranibizumab “LUCENTISTM” in the surgical management of diabetic retinopathy in a Tertiary Referral Hospital in Malaysia
No full textA retrospective case series review was conducted to determine the pre-operative role
and safety of pre-operative adjunctive anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agent ranibizumab “LUCENTISTM” in patients with diabetic retinopathy requiring
vitrectomy. The study involved twenty consecutive eyes of sixteen patients (age range:
46-72 years; mean 57.5 years) which received intravitreal injection of 0.5 - 1 mg of
ranibizumab 3 to 8 days (mean 4.4 days) prior to vitrectomy for diabetic retinopathy.
There were no local or systemic post-injection complications. Indications for vitrectomy
were retinal detachment (RD) [n=11; 3 combined tractional (TRD) - rhegmatogenous RD
(RRD), 8 TRD], TRD with vitreous haemorrhage (VH) (n=3) ,VH (n=8) and vitreomacular
traction syndrome (n=1). Inclusion criteria include all consecutive eyes of
diabetic patients requiring vitrectomy receiving a first pre-operative injection of anti-
VEGF. Pre-operative visual acuity (VA) ranged from 6/36 to light perception. All eyes had
minimal to moderate intraoperative bleeding. Post-operative VH in eyes without
tamponade or gas tamponade was nil (n=1), mild (n=13) or moderate (n=1). Silicone
filled eyes had nil (n=1), moderate (n=3) or severe haemorrhages (n=1). Post-operative
VA was unchanged (n=2) (10%), improved (n = 14) (70%) or worsened (n=4). VA was
2/60 or better (n=15) to no light perception (n=1). Two eyes achieved 6/12 or better
vision (10%). Ten eyes (50%) had 6/36 or better vision. In conclusion, pre-operative
intravitreal ranibizumab is safe and useful in diabetic vitrectomy and appears to help with
perioperative bleeding leading to improvement in vision
The English Language and its impact on identities of multilingual Malaysian undergraduates
No full textDespite the increasing prominence of English as a world lingua franca, there is
little research on how the use of English affects the identities of Malaysian speakers.
Asmah Haji Omar observed that interest in language and identity seemed to be confined
to studies on national identity. A doctoral study by Lee Su Kim of the identity of
Malaysian speakers of English found that there was resentment in certain localized
contexts amongst the Malay respondents in the study towards the use of English.
Expressions of resentment and ambivalence towards the use of the English language were
also prevalent amongst the non-Malay respondents within certain contexts. This
paper presents the findings of a qualitative research study which sets out to investigate
the impact of English on the identities of young Malaysian undergraduates in selected
private and public universities in Malaysia. Using qualitative methods, this research study
essentially takes off from Lee Su Kim’s doctoral research study, and aims to explore on a
larger scale the role of English in the identity construction of a younger Malaysian cohort
from both public and private universities. The findings presented here are from a few
selected case studies that provide the qualitative data. The discussion will focus on how
different multilingual Malaysian undergraduates regard English vis a vis the other
languages in their repertoire and how it has affected their identity constructions and
everyday negotiations. Three dominant themes arising from the findings will be
discussed, 1) Multilingualism with English emerging as the dominant language, 2)
English viewed as a pragmatic language and a language of empowerment, and 3) Varying
degrees of ‘othering’
Sikap pelajar terhadap pembelajaran kemahiran lisan Bahasa Arab di Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM)
No full textSikap terhadap pembelajaran bahasa pula dikenal pasti mempengaruhi proses
pembelajaran. Kajian ini meninjau sikap pelajar terhadap pembelajaran kemahiran lisan
bahasa Arab di Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) yang merangkumi dua aspek iaitu
sikap terhadap pengajaran bahasa dan sikap terhadap bahasa Arab. Objektif kajian adalah
untuk meneroka sikap pelajar dari segi kognitif, afektif dan konatif. Kajian ini
merupakan kajian kualitatif yang melibatkan 21 temu bual, iaitu 13 siri temu bual
bersama pelajar dan lapan siri temu bual bersama pensyarah. Pemilihan pelajar dibuat
dengan mengambil kira faktor latar belakang pengalaman bahasa Arab dan gugusan
fakulti pelajar. Data temu bual yang diperolehi telah ditranskripkan secara verbatim dan
diproses menggunakan perisian NVIVO7 bagi mewujudkan tema yang berkaitan.
Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa dari segi kognitif, semua pelajar menyatakan
kepentingan bahasa Arab walaupun sebahagian mereka lebih mementingkan subjek yang
lain. Persepsi pelajar dari segi kesukaran pula bergantung kepada tahap pengalaman
mereka yang terdahulu. Dari segi afektif, semua pelajar menunjukkan sikap yang positif
terhadap bahasa Arab, cuma pelajar yang tiada asas menyatakan rasa tidak selesa dengan
keadaan kelas yang mencampurkan antara pelajar yang ada asas dengan yang tiada asas.
Dari segi konatif, pelajar menunjukkan ketekalan mereka dalam pembelajaran dan ingin
terus mempelajarinya pada masa-masa akan datang. Kajian ini mencadangkan agar
pendekatan pengajaran yang digunakan perlu sesuai dengan latar belakang pengalaman
pelajar. Pendekatan yang sesuai penting kerana ia mempengaruhi pembentukan sikap
pelajar seterusnya memberi kesan terhadap prestasi pembelajaran kemahiran lisan bahasa Arab
Impacts of human habitat development on the environment – challenges and the way forward
No full textEver since homo sapiens appeared on earth some 2.5 million years ago, their need to build human
habitats have impacted upon the environment. Early homo sapiens were largely constrained by
Environmental Determinism which did little harm to the environment. However, Possibilism and Human
Determinism of the modern era left inerasable scars on earth. Increasingly, as humans advanced in
science and technology, and preferred to live in urban habitats, they have inadvertently impacted upon
the environment very significantly, often to the point of irreversible damage. Modern humans and the
construction of their habitats have significantly impacted upon and changed the environment as follows:
changed the atmospheric characteristics resulting in climate change (initially at the local level but now
globally); changed the hydrological characteristics resulting in floods, droughts, water crises and other
hydrological disasters; changed the lithospheric characteristics resulting in soil erosion, landslides and
other mass movements; changed the biosphere resulting in loss of natural habitats (of indigenous people,
flora and fauna); and changed the cryosphere resulting in global melting and retreating of ice shelves
and ice sheets leading to sea level rise and a host of other environmental disasters. However, a
combination of realisation of environmental degradation, the environmental movement, and the rise of
sustainable development have led to environmentally-friendly human habitats. To achieve sustainable
development in human habitats, humans need to control urban growth, control population growth,
illegal immigrants and proliferation of slums, ensure adequate (quantity) and appropriate (quality)
housing, institute legislation for disaster-resistant habitat structures, develop technology for early
warning system of major risks to habitats, and mobilise politicians to commit to environmental
management of human habitats vis-à-vis economic development. Most of all, future human habitats
should be modelled and developed as “eco-habitats