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Nation state formation in Malaysia (1945-1974)
No full textThe aim of this research is to discuss the process of a nation state formation by the British colonial government after the Second World War (1945) until the formation of the National Front Party (1974). This research begins by examining the British government's effort to create a united Malayan nation through the policy of common citizenship and education. The formation of the Malayan constitution then by the Reid Commission had formed the concrete basis for nation building after the country achieved its independence in 1957. This research examines the challenges and obstacles faced by the government in realizing the constitutional spirit in order to create a just and fair nation state. Among the earliest challenges and obstacles in the effort of nation state building was the fact that the inhabitants had different understanding and sometimes contesting nation of intent. In this context, this research looks at several aspects such as education, language and economics. Although the government faced difficulties to implement Article 152 and Article 153, the citizenship issues had been overcome successfully indeed. The challenges faced by Malaysia with the entry of Sabah, Sarawak and Singapore (1963) were given special attention, particularly over the issue of a Malaysian Malaysia and multilingualism. The May 13 incident and the effort to build "a new Malaysia" through the implementation of the New Economic Policy and the politics of consensus were also the main themes for this research. Besides using related secondary sources, this research had relied on the primary sources such as official reports from the Colonial Office (CO), the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO), the Prime Minister's Office (PREM) and the British Cabinet (CAB) from the National Archives in London. Official and private records that were kept at the National Archives, Malaysia were also used as references. This research found that the nation state built by the British was a concept imposed on the inhabitants of this country and therefore was artificial in nature. Consequently, Malaysia had faced problems in forming a strong nation after independence. Language, education and economy were still the main issues. The political situation had become more complicated because of the demands made by the opposition parties, especially by the PAP and DAP for the amendment of Article 152 and 153 to pave the way for a Malaysian Malaysia state. The climax of the debate and disputes were the separation of Singapore in August 1965 and the infamous May 13 racial riot in 1969. The introduction of the New Economic Policy and the politics of consensus were the efforts initiated by the government to overcome problems that were hindering the success of the development of a nation state
The dynamics of economic diplomacy in developing coutries: the case study of Nigeria
No full textAs new economic challenges develop within the domestic and international systems in the last couple of years and particularly in recent times, as evidenced by Nigeria where a complex array of new realities and trends dictates new approaches and strategies in internal restructuring and economic relationship, it necessitates profound reformation and adjustment in the management of the interplay of internal factors with external dynamics to evolve a viable national economy. This study examines the trends, the success and constraints of Nigeria’s strategies and approaches in managing the interplay of its internal factors with external dynamics to evolve a viable national economy. The study is based on the assumption that the interplay of internal factors with external dynamics shapes and re-shapes nations. The economic constraints facing Nigeria and other developing countries since independence continue to generate a debate that is marked by two schools of thought. Firstly, the dependency theory which holds the view that openness to colonialism and neo-colonialism, was the major cause of the new nations economic backwardness. As such, delinking from the core nations will be an option for economic development. Secondly, by 1970s, the neo liberal view gained ground that as developing countries lack investment capital, skilled workers, infrastructures, internal political stability, there is a need for internal reformation and opening up to foreign technology transfers. To face the economic challenges of the time, Nigeria adopts the neo liberal school of thought. The study is based on a qualitative research design and utilizes content analysis of primary and secondary data. The study reveals that Nigeria’s strategy and approach to economic diplomacy have not been yielding the desired results, due to some structural and leadership problems such as the lack of social infrastructures, political stability, and the spirit of patriotism and nationalism among the leaders
Pengetahuan pedagogikal kandungan (PPK) pengajaran akidah: kajian kes guru cemerlang Pendidikan Islam
No full textPengetahuan isi kandungan akidah merupakan komponen dalam mata pelajaran teras Pendidikan Islam di sekolah menengah. Guru yang mengajar mata pelajaran ini memerlukan pengetahuan pedagogikal kandungan (PPK) dalam bidang tersebut. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meneroka dan menganalisis PPK yang dimiliki oleh guru cemerlang Pendidikan Islam (GCPI) dan bagaimana PPK tersebut dilaksanakan semasa proses pengajaran akidah. Modifikasi kerangka teori al-Ghazali dan al-Syaibani dalam perkaedahan pengajaran pendidikan Islam, model pentaakulan dan tindakan pengajaran Shulman dan model perkembangan pengetahuan guru Fennema dan Frank digunakan sebagai panduan untuk mencapai tujuan kajian. Seramai lapan orang guru cemerlang Pendidikan Islam yang telah dilantik oleh Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia dipilih sebagai peserta di dalam kajian ini. Kajian kualitatif ini menggunakan reka bentuk kajian kes dan memperoleh data kajian melalui protokol temubual, senarai semak pemerhatian pengajaran dan analisa dokumen. Kaedah perbandingan secara berterusan digunakan untuk membina konsep kajian. Kesahan data dilakukan secara triangulasi pelbagai sumber data, semakan rakan dan menggunakan replika kajian pelbagai kes. Kebolehpercayaan data pula diperolehi dengan mendapatkan perakuan pakar berasaskan nilai persetujuan pekali Cohen Kappa. Secara keseluruhannya, GCPI didapati memiliki kefahaman yang jelas terhadap objektif pengajaran, menyampaikan pengajaran secara pedagogikal, melakukan tindakan pengajaran secara sistematik dan melaksanakan penilaian dan refleksi untuk memperoleh pengalaman pengajaran yang baru. Kesemua komponen PPK GCPI juga didapati saling lengkap-melengkapi, berintegrasi dan berkembang untuk membentuk pengalaman guru dalam pengajaran. Amalan praktikal dan berhikmah yang dimiliki oleh GCPI adalah merupakan aset terpenting memandu pelaksanaan PPK dalam pengajaran akidah. Dapatan kajian ini diharap dapat dijadikan panduan untuk menambahbaik program latihan ikhtisas guru Pendidikan Islam khususnya dalam pengajaran akidah
Telecenter serumpun Malaysia-Indonesia: Mencari metod pembangunan telecenter pelbagai fungsi (MCT) (Malaysia-Indonesia regional telecentres: In search of appropriate multi-purpose community telecentres (MCT
No full textKertas ini menghurai dan membincangkan secara kritis pendekatan pembangunan telecenter MCT yang
dikatakan sesuai dengan merujuk kepada prestasi pendekatan pemuafakatan pintar (intelligent
collaboration-CQ) dalam membangun MCT di MID Kampung Parit Tengah, Johor, Malaysia dan di BIM
Desa Cihideung, Bandung, Indonesia. Berdasarkan pengalaman kedua-dua pembangunan telecenter ini,
metod pembangunan CQ dan CO boleh diamalkan dalam membangun BIM dan MID sebagai MCT. Key
Performance Index (KPI) yang perlu diberi perhatian dalam pembangunan MCT di kedua-dua negara ialah
sejauh mana kehendak, penyertaan, komitmen dan kerjasama berterusan penduduk menggunakan
telecenter. Oleh sebab itu metod pembangunan yang sesuai untuk membangun MCT ialah CQ dan CO.
Melalui kedua-dua metod ini penggunaan berterusan telecenter oleh semua lapisan masyarakat boleh terjadi
kerana mendapat kerjasama penduduk, pemimpin masyarakat, pihak kerajaan, NGO dan pihak swasta.
Prestasi kedua-dua program setakat ini memberi harapan berjayanya usaha merapatkan jurang digital di
kalangan masyarakat desa dan seterusnya membuka banyak lagi peluang digital. MCT sebagai pemangkin
pembuka peluang digital seluas-luasnya sehingga mampu meningkatkan adaptasi, asimilasi, difusi dan
inovasi ICT dalam kalangan penduduk desa di Indonesia dan Malaysia seluruhny
Study of pragmatic transfer in persuasion strategies by Chinese learners of English
No full textThis study investigates pragmatic transfer in persuasion strategies by Chinese learners of English. The subjects of the study include ten native English speakers, ten Chinese learners of English and ten native Chinese speakers. All of them are university students. The classification of persuasion strategies is mainly based on Hardin‘s classification of lexical and pragmatic realization of persuading speech act. The data is collected by means of a discourse complete test questionnaire The Chi-square test is used to compare frequencies of use of persuasion strategies by the Chinese learner of English group, the native English group and the native Chinese group. Results indicate that although all three groups use complaint strategy most frequently and opting out strategy least frequently, the Chinese learner of English group displays advice/suggestion/recommendation strategy more frequently than the native English group. The Chinese learner of English group also uses opinion-proving strategy less frequently than the native English group and never uses consolation/ condolence strategy. Such pragmatic transfer is transferred from Chinese culture and Chinese thinking pattern, which provides pedagogical implication for language teachers to develop Chinese students‘ English pragmatic competenc
Perkahwinan dan keluarga dalam masyarakat Cam
No full textFamily is an important institution in the formation of a society. In traditional
society, family functions as a driving force in economic, social, education and religion. Its members work together or help each other in productive activities,
along with educating children in matters relating to the good life skills or
religious matters. Although work activities are divided according to gender,
all family members and relatives provide each other their mutual assistance,
especially during sad moments of distress or death or happy occasions such as
marriage. This is not surprising because many family members are living in or
near the same village. Current relationship based on traditional family ties
are eroding due to modernization followed by urbanization of traditional
society. Migration of young people to urban areas to participate in city
activities which are of new work patterns has changed patterns of marriage
and family relationship in the traditional society. In view of the above
description, this article tries to analyse matters relating to patterns of marriage
and family relationship in Cam society. Do the patterns of marriage and family
in the said community has changed its nature from formerly of endogamy to
exogamy marriage? Are there any changes in the family structure and
relationship within members of the communityt? Are there any other factors
other than those mentioned above which influence these changes. Data
presented in this article is based on the research that has been crried out in
Cam community in Malaysia and Cambodi
Taking lessons of Muslims history in shaping excellent hadhari community of the 21st century
No full textArtikel ini membincangkan kegemilangan umat Islam sepanjang sejarah ketamadunan, kejatuhan dan bagaimana ia harus bangkit kembali. Islam pernah di saat kegemilangannya menguasai pelbagai wilayah termasuklah Eropah, Afrika dan Asia. Kemasukan Islam ke Andalus sebagai contoh, telah membuka ruang kepada kecemerlangan tamadun Barat hari ini. Banyak ilmu-ilmu hasil penemuan orang Islam dikembangkan di Barat. Namun, sudah hampir satu abad kejatuhan kerajaan Islam terakhir, Turki Utmaniyyah, kegemilangan Islam hanya tersemat pada bahan-bahan bacaan sahaja tanpa dapat dilihat dengan fizikal. Umat Islam seharusnya belajar dari sejarah lalu untuk kembali bangkit mencorak kehidupan dunia. Dalam konteks Malaysia, penulis menganggap dokongan kerajaan untuk membentuk masyarakat gemilang melalui pendekatan Hadhari harus dilihat sebagai sesuatu yang positif untuk mengembalikan kegemilangan silam. Artikel ini merujuk kepada beberapa penulisan sarjana dalam mewacanakan Hadhari dan ia cuba membentuk beberapa gagasan baru sebagai pemerkasaan dalam memugar kegemilangan uma
Kajian kes ke atas kesan kaedah pembelajaran koperatif teknik ’Jigsaw’ dalam kursus isyarat dan sistem
No full textThe student oriented cooperative leaning method (COOP) exhibit an active teaching methodology in small groups, as compared to the lecturer oriented competitive learning
method (COMP). The Jigsaw technique is a subset of the COOP learning that has been demonstrated to nurture good group interaction skill, critical thinking ability, and positive
attitude among students that are in agreement with the current outcome based paradigm. In this study, both methods were used in the revision process to reinforce the
understanding of the topics taught in the class. This paper specifically discusses both methodologies that have been implemented in Signal and System course (KL2093) at the
13 Engineering Faculty, UKM and analyzes its quantitative and qualitative effectiveness. It also compares the cooperative and competitive structure using the quasi-experiment design approach. The quantitative analysis was carried out on two data sets of examination scores to evaluate their effects towards academic achievements, while,
the qualitative analysis based on cause-effect process is performed to investigate the effects towards students’ behavior. Preliminary observation and analysis indicates that the student oriented jigsaw technique is more effective compared to the traditional lecturer oriented COMP learnin
Kerangka pembangunan dan penilaian modul belajar cara belajar Bahasa Melayu pelajar asing Institusi Pengajian Tinggi Malaysia
No full textAs a means of safeguarding the sovereignty of the education of Bahasa Melayu (BM) and to strengthen the Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), a marked change or reformation was carried out in the BM education system. BM which was once taught only to local students has now been introduced to foreign students as a compulsory subject. Various issues were brought up. Among those often discussed are that a majority of the foreign students taking BM courses in HEIs face various problems and are weak in acquiring the language skills taught to them within such a short period of time. This weakness directly affects their studies and academic achievement as a whole. Thus, this article aims to discuss the design of a framework for the development and evaluation of a module on Learning-how-to-Learn Bahasa Melayu for foreign students in Malaysian HEIs. This framework was built based on the phases in instructional design which was adapted from the ADDIE Model consisting of five major phases; analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. In general, the framework explains the phases which can be implemented to design and evaluate BCB BM PA Module which aims to increase the use of strategies or techniques of learning BM among foreign students in Malaysians HEIs in terms of the five skills of BM learning; listening, reading, speaking, writing and vocabular
Performance measurement system mechanisms and service process type
No full textThe paper adds to the stream of Performance Measurement System (PMS) research with understanding the relationship between service activities and PMS design. Focusing on the association between service process types and the ways of measuring activities, the study provides a preliminary exploratory study on the practical aspect of PMS design. Using a combination of both survey and in depth interviews, the findings show that service type has insignificant relationship with choice of measurement mechanisms. Instead other factors, strategy, intensity of competition and size, determine the measurement approaches. More importantly, the results indicate that the PMS mechanisms of professional service firms are not much different from that of mass service firms. The evidence, thus, suggests that PMS is designed in a way that matches the organizational objectives rather than focuses on the uniqueness of service businesse