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Cloning and analysis of pyrG gene encoding orotidine 5-Monophosphate decarboxylase of aspergillus oryzaeStrain S1
No full textIn this study, the pyrG gene which encodes for orotidine 5-monophosphate decarboxylase (OMP decarboxylase) of Aspergillus oryzae strain S1 was cloned and analysed. This 1.8kb A. oryzae pyrG encompasses the 5’-regulatory flanking region (465 bp), open reading frame (899 bp) and 3’-regulatory region (475 bp). The pyrG contained one intron at position 623-687 bp based on the AUGUSTUS and FGENESH (SoftBerry) analysis corresponding to the intron present in the pyrG of A. oryzae (Accession Number: Y13811). In silico analysis showed that the enzyme encoded by the A. oryzae S1 pyrG gene has a theoretical molecular weight of 30.28 kDa and theoretical pI value of 5.92. This enzyme is hydrophilic, located in a region outside of the transmembrane and it functions in the cytoplasm. Five motives such as N-glycosylation site, protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylation site, casein kinase II (CK-2) phosphorylation site, N-myristolation site and orotidine 5-monophoshate decarboxylase active site have been identified in the pyrG amino acid sequence. The three dimensional structure of this enzyme generated via protein homology modeling using the bioinformatic software, Swiss Model, shows that OMP decarboxylase is a protein with an α/ß barrel structure possessing 8 ß-strands surrounded by 9 α-helices. The amino acid residues involved in the active site have been identified and it is located on one of the ß-strands. The pyrG DNA sequence will be used for the complementation of a pyrG auxotroph mutant of A. oryzae
Determination of moment of inertia for162-168Hf and164-176Yb deformed nuclei
No full textIn this paper, a method of defining the even-even deformed nuclei inertial parameters is suggested. Calculations for
isotopes 162-168Hf and 164-176Yb are listed. The parameters of inertia of rotational nuclei are also defined. Dependence of
the parameters of inertia on the nucleons number is shown
Fabrication and morphological characterization of hybrid polymeric solar cells based on P3HT and inorganic nanocrystal blends
No full textIn this research we investigated the effect of composition on the fabrication and morphological characteristics of a hybrid polymeric solar cell which consists of an electron donating conjugated polymer, namely is poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) combined with an electron-accepting component, which is a type of inorganic compound of TiO2 nanocrystals. The composition of TiO2 in the blends is varied and the optimum performance of the devices are studied. The optical and morphological characterizations are carried out via UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electrical characteristics of the devices are measured by using Keithley 2400 SMU and solar simulator with light intensity of 100 mW/cm
Heavy metal concentration in the surface sediment of Tanjung Lumpur Mangrove Forest, Kuantan, Malaysia
No full textSurface sediment samples from 2 transects (20 sampling points) of Tanjung Lumpur mangrove forest were analyzed for the concentrations of Pb, Cu, Co and Mn. In this study, the average concentrations of Pb, Cu, Co and Mn were 44.41 μg/g dry weight, 32.79 μg/g dry weight, 5.79 μg/g dry weight and 117.73 μg/g dry weight, respectively. The calculated enrichment factors (EF) obtained for Co and Mn can be considered to have the terigeneous in sources while Pb and Cu are considered to have anthropogenic input
Status fiziko-kimia tanih tapak Pusat Penyelidikan UKM Tasik Chini, Pahang, Malaysia
No full textKajian ini dilakukan untuk menentukan ciri fiziko-kimia, kandungan nutrien dan logam berat dalam tanih di tapak Pusat Penyelidikan UKM Tasik Chini. Sampel tanih-atas diambil dari tiga transek pensampelan iaitu T1, T2 dan T3. Dua profil tanih telah dicerap di transek 1 (T1S1 & T1S3) dan sampel tanih telah diambil daripada profil dan juga tanih atas untuk penentuan ciri fiziko-kimia, kandungan nutrien dan logam berat. Bagi sampel tanih-atas, sebanyak empat stesen pensampelan (S1, S2, S3, S4) telah dipilih di transek 1 (T1), dua stesen pensampelan (S1, S2) di transek 2 (T2) dan tiga stesen pensampelan (S1, S2, S3) di transek 3 (T3) telah dipilih. Ciri fiziko-kimia yang ditentukan adalah pH, kekonduksian elektrik (KE), kapasiti pertukatan kation (KPK), fosforus, kalium dan magnesium tersedia dan nutrien terlarut, dan logam berat terpilih. Semua penentuan fiziko-kimia tanih, nutrien tersedia dan terlarut serta logam berat dilakukan mengikut kaedah penentuan yang piawai. Hasil uji kaji menunjukkan tekstur tanih didominasi oleh zarahan bersaiz lempung. Kandungan bahan organik tinggi pada tanih-atas dan berkurangan mengikut kedalaman. Purata nilai pH tanih di dalam profil dan tanih-atas adalah di antara 3.66 hingga 4.73 dan ia adalah sangat berasid. Sela purata bagi kekonduksian elektrik dalam profil dan tanih-atas adalah antara 2412 μScm-1 dan 2742 μScm-1. Purata nilai KPK adalah rendah iaitu antara 4.86 dan 12.58 meq/100g tanih. Kepekatan fosforus, magnesium dan kalium tersedia masing-masing mempunyai sela antara 1.76 – 3.32 μg/g, 16.80 – 122.23 μg/g dan 20.09 – 30.50 μg/g. Kepekatan nutrien terlarut bagi sulfat, nitrat-nitrogen, ammonium-nitrogen dan fosforus masing-masing adalah 37.50 – 1350 μg/g, 12.17 dan 90.00 μg/g, 12.17 to 53.17 μg/g dan 0.05 dan 0.62 μg/g. Kepekatan ferum dan Pb sangat tinggi di T1S1 dan di horizon bawah profil T1S3. Secara amnya tanih di tapak PPTC adalah sangat berasid dan mempunyai kandungan nutrien yang rendah. Terdapat bukti menunjukkan berlaku pengayaan Pb dalam tanih yang menerima pengaruh pasang surut jasad air tasik
Analisis proksimat dan logam berat dalam tisu kerang (anadara granosa) di beberapa tapak akuakultur di Semenanjung Malaysia
No full textini adalah untuk menentukan komposisi protein, lemak dan abu serta mengenal pasti kandungan logam berat dalam tisu kerang yang diambil dari tapak-tapak ternakan di Kuala Juru (Pulau Pinang), Kuala Sepetang (Perak) dan Kuala Selangor (Selangor) untuk meneliti aras keselamatan logam berat dan kandungan zat nutrien dalam isi kerang. Kandungan protein, lemak dan abu dalam tisu kerang masing-masing adalah pada julat 70.0-75.6, 8.9-10.6 dan 9.8-17.5% berat kering. Untuk jumlah tenaga ialah 371.0, 384.2 dan 377.9 kcal/100 g berat kering kerang masing-masing untuk sampel dari Kuala Juru, Kuala Sepetang dan Kuala Selangor. Aras logam perlu dalam tisu kerang ialah Cu = 2.4-16.3, Fe = 421.0-1350.0, Mn = 10.0-38.1 dan Zn = 72.2-201.7 μg/g berat kering manakala kepekatan logam toksik adalah Cd = 1.3-12.2, Cr = 4.3-9.8, Ni = 8.3-20.8 dan Pb = 4.1-20.8 μg/g berat kering. Sebagai kesimpulan, didapati bahawa pengambilan harian sebanyak 1.50 g Pb (berat kering) kerang dari Kuala Sepetang dan juga melebihi 5.78 g Cd (berat kering) untuk kerang dari Kuala Selangor boleh meningkatkan risiko kesihatan
Kesan sitotoksik dan aktiviti anti-mrsa ekstrak metanol phyllanthus gracilipes dan phyllanthus columnaris
No full textSatu kajian telah dijalankan untuk menguji kesan sitotoksik dan aktiviti antibakteria ekstrak metanol dari bahagian
berbeza tumbuhan Phyllanthus gracilipes dan P. columnaris. Pengekstrakan dilakukan pada suhu bilik dan menggunakan
alat-radas Soxhlet untuk menghasilkan 22 ekstrak. Ujian fitokimia ke atas ekstrak Soxhlet menunjukkan kehadiran
saponin dalam semua ekstrak manakala steroid terdapat dalam ekstrak semua bahagian P. gracilipes dan 3 daripada
ekstrak P. columnaris. Ujian sitotoksik ke atas kultur sel Vero menunjukkan hanya empat ekstrak yang sitotoksik
dengan nilai LC50 di bawah 20 μg/mL iaitu ekstrak suhu bilik kulit-batang P. gracilipes, ekstrak Soxhlet kayu-batang
dan daun P. gracilipes serta ekstrak suhu bilik kayu-akar P. columnaris. Ekstrak suhu bilik dan Soxhlet kayu-batang
P. gracilipes serta semua ekstrak suhu bilik P. columnaris merencat pertumbuhan 13 pencilan Staphylococcus aureus
Rintang-Metisillin (MRSA) yang diuji
Accumulation and distribution of lead and copper in avicennia marina and rhizophora apiculatafrom Balok Mangrove Forest, Pahang, Malaysia
No full textBioaccumulation of lead and Copper in Avicennia marina and Rhizophora apiculata was studied. Samples of leaves, barks and roots were collected from Balok mangrove forest, Pahang. Pb and Cu accumulation was higher in Avicennia marina root tissue compared to bark and leaf but lower than surrounding sediment level. The average concentration of Pb in A. marina leaf, bark, root and sediment was observed to be 5.39 ppm, 3.63 ppm, 18.21 ppm and 23.13 ppm, and average Cu concentration was 4.13 ppm, 4.27 ppm, 4.81 ppm and 12.33 ppm, respectively. R. apiculata also showed higher concentration of Pb and Cu in root tissue compared to bark and leaf tissues but lower than surrounding sediment. The average concentration of Pb in R. apiculata leaf, bark, root and sediment was observed to be 4.30 ppm, 2.97 ppm, 22.45 ppm and 31.23 ppm, respectively. The average Cu concentration was 2.93 ppm, 4.71 ppm, 4.81 ppm and 15.52 ppm, respectively. Results of concentration factors (CF) showed that the accumulation of Pb and Cu was higher in A. marina than in R. apiculata
A new fuzzy version of euler’s method for solving differential equations with fuzzy initial values
No full textThis paper proposes a new fuzzy version of Euler’s method for solving differential equations with fuzzy initial values. Our proposed method is based on Zadeh’s extension principle for the reformulation of the classical Euler’s method, which takes into account the dependency problem that arises in fuzzy setting. This problem is often neglected in numerical methods found in the literature for solving differential equations with fuzzy initial values. Several examples are provided to show the advantage of our proposed method compared to the conventional fuzzy version of Euler’s method proposed in the literature
Permasalahan kemahiran membaca dan menulis bahasa melayu murid-murid sekolah rendah di luar bandar
No full textReading and writing skills are basic skills in Malay Language for primary school children. Mastery of these skills is important in order to achieve greater achievements in the coming years. Thus, this research aims to identify problems pertaining to reading and writing skills in Malay language among rural primary school
children. The respondents for this research consist of 161 primary year 4 and 5 students in rural schools in Negeri Sembilan, Pahang and Sarawak. The research is a descriptive
surveyconducted by using questionnaires which include information on students’background and problems faced in reading and writing skills. The research findings show
that there are problems within the students in mastering reading and writing skills in Malay Language, among them; basic knowledge in reading and writing, the environment and the teachers’ teaching method. The research findings in problems related to reading skills show that students fail to understand the content of the text (min=3.40; sp=.71) and meaning of sentence (min = 3.24;sp=.60). The research findings in problems related to writing skills show that students could not differentiate upper and lower case letters through letter identification (min=3.62; sp=.62). They could not identify punctuations either (min=3.42; sp= .80). The conclusion is, to overcome this problem, remedial education is one way to help enhance the potential of students who have problems in reading and writing skills. Remedial programs at an early stage will give a more effective effect in the effort to strengthen the education system of our countr