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Penggunaan shahid al-Qur’ān dalam kitab Sharh Ibn cAqīl dan Sharh Qatr Al-Nadā Wa Bal Al-Sadā Bab al-Marfuc āt:satu kajian bandingan
No full textTeori Nahu Al-Qur’an ialah pendekatan menggunakan al-Qur’an sebagai medium utama dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran tatabahasa Arab. Pendapat sesetengah pendokong Teori berkenaan bahawa sarjana silam hanya mementingkan syair dan prosa Arab dan kurang menekankan penggunaan al-Quran dalam menggubal tatabahasa ialah satu kenyataan yang perlu dikaji kesahihannya. Justeru, kajian ini bermatlamat untuk
mengetengahkan iltizam Ibn cAqīl dan Ibn Hisham, dua tokoh tatabahasa zaman kerajaan Mamalik yang menggunakan shāhid al-Qur’an dalam pengajaran ilmu tatabahasa. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam kajian ini ialah teknik menganalisis dokumen. Kajian ini menganalisis penggunaan shāhid al-Qur’an dalam bab al-Marfūcāt di dalam dua buah kitab iaitu Sharh Ibn cAqīl yang ditulis oleh Ibn cAqīl dan Sharh Qatr al-Nadā wa Bal Al-Sadā yang ditulis oleh Ibn Hisham, dengan menggunakan Kaedah Analisis Dokumen.Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa kedua-dua tokoh telah menggunakan shāhid al-Qur’an secara efektif. Penelitian kedua-dua tokoh dalam mempelbagaikan penggunaan shāhid al-Qur’an telah menghasilkan paten-paten penggunaan shāhid al-Qur’an sama ada digunakan secara bersendirian, secara bersama shāhid-shāhid lain atau bersama contoh ciptaan sendiri. Terdapat beberapa perbezaan antara penggunaan shāhid al-Qur’an oleh
kedua-dua tokoh dari segi jumlah, fungsi penggunaan dan kesesuaian penggunaan shāhid al-Qur’an. Perbezaan tersebut secara tidak langsung telah menyerlahkan lagi keiltizaman
Ibn Hisham terhadap penggunaan shāhid al-Qur’an kerana beliau banyak menggunakan shāhid al-Qur’an secara sendirian, selain mendahulukan shāhid al-Qur’an apabila
digunakan secara bersama shāhid syair. Secara ijmal, kajian ini berjaya membuktikan bahawa, terdapat dalam kalangan ulama silam iaitu Ibn Hisham yang mengutamakan penggunaan al-Qur’an berbanding kalam al-cArab dalam pengajaran tatabahasa, dan perkara ini telah mengangkat martabat Ibn Hisham sehingga diiktiraf sebagai bitara unggul dalam matra tatabahasa Arab seluruhnya
Women and fair trade coffee production in Nicaragua
No full textNicaragua is one of the poorest countries in Latin America with a population of 5.8 million of whom just over half are women. Systems such as Fair Trade allow consumers to express concern and take action by utilizing their purchasing power to help small scale producers. If Fair Trade is understood correctly, the system will be more affective at both ends of the supply chain, from the producer to the consumer. Yet, it has long been understood that the benefits of development do not always trickle down equally to both men and women. This paper argues that Fair Trade can make an impact on women and it must be analyzed
through a gendered lens as in a case study of a coffee Fair Trade cooperative in Nicaragua. This study shows that the SOPPEXCCA cooperative would not have been such a success for women farmers without being a part of Fair Trade, which provides the means by which women are empowered as producers, mothers, and community members. Though, it is not Fair Trade alone that has created this success. It is
the hard work and determination of the cooperative staff and the female producers themselves. The recent history of dictatorship, revolution, civil war and the feminist movement in Nicaragua set the stage for the cooperative to make physical and mental changes for cooperative members a more realistic endeavour
MEMS very low capacitive pressure sensor based on CMOS process
No full textThe CMOS standard process with advantage of simplicity in term of design and fabrication process compatibility has triggered the invention of MEMS very low capacitive pressure sensor, (MEMS-VLCPS). In this paper the development of the whole structure of MEMS-VLCPS that involves the design simulation, fabrication and testing is described. The novelty of this work lies in the design and fabrication process itself. A new technique in fabricating thin sensor membrane of VLCPS using seal-off techniques is also presented. The physical structure of the membrane consists of parallel plate. The top plate acts as the flexible electrode membrane and the bottom plate acts as the counter electrode membrane. Both plates are separated by absolute air gap with fixed end at both sides. As a result, it was found that the etch-opening holes of 0.8 μm and seal-off thickness of 4000 Å gave the optimum sealing surface. The percentage of relative capacitance change is extracted from the reference capacitance measurement. Air gap thickness of 0.3 μm gives the highest percentage of PRCC showing that smaller air gap thickness provides a larger change in capacitance valu
Gateless-FET pH sensor fabricated on undoped AlGaN/GaN HEMT structure HEMT structure
No full textGallium nitride with wurtzite crystal structure is a chemically stable semiconductor with high internal spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization, which make it highly suitable materials to create very sensitive and robust sensors for the detection of ions, gases and liquids. Sensing characteristics of an open-gate liquid-phase sensor fabricated on undoped-AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility-transistor (HEMT) structure in aqueous solution was investigated. In ambient atmosphere, the open-gate undoped AlGaN/GaN HEMT clearly showed only the presence of linear region of currents while Si-doped AlGaN/GaN showed the linear and saturation regions of currents, very similar to those of gated devices. This seems to show that very low Fermi level pinning by surface states exists in undoped AlGaN/GaN sample. In aqueous solution, the typical current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of HEMTs with good gate controllability were observed. The potential of the AlGaN surface at the open-gate area is effectively controlled via aqueous solution by Ag/AgCl reference gate electrode. The open-gate undoped AlGaN/GaN HEMT structure is capable of stable operation in aqueous electrolytes and exhibit linear sensitivity, and high sensitivity of 1.9 mA/pH or 3.88 mA/mm/pH at drain-source voltage, VDS = 5 V was obtained. Due to large leakage current where it increases with the negative reference gate voltage, the Nernstian’s like sensitivity cannot be determined. Suppression of current leakage is likely to improve the device performance. The open-gate undoped-AlGaN/GaN structure is expected to be suitable for pH sensing application
Nephrectomy for a case of intrarenal dermoid cyst: was it an appropriate decision?
No full textDermoid cyst in a kidney is rarely seen. We report a case of intrarenal dermoid cyst which mimics malignant renal tumour and discuss the dilemma in managing this disease
Management of extensive surgical wounds of the extremity after tumour resections using two simultaneous composite flaps: two case reports
No full textTumour surgery for locally extensive malignant neoplasms of the extremity will sometimes result in extensive composite soft tissue defect. Local flaps are usually inadequate to cover these large defects. More than one tissue flap might be required to cover any exposed neurovascular structures, bone or prosthesis. We present two cases where two composite flaps were simultaneously used to cover extensive surgical defects after ablative tumour resections in the extremity. These resulted in uncomplicated wound healing and limb salvage
Case review post partum vulvo-vaginal haematomas, options of management
No full textVulvo-vaginal haematomas are not an uncommon obstetric complication. Despite advances in obstetric care, practice and technique, vulvo-vaginal haematomas do occur especially in complicated vaginal deliveries. Various management options are available for vulvo-vaginal haematomas. We describe three cases of vulvo-vaginal haematomas with different severity and presentations which were managed in different manners i.e. local haemostasis control, laparotomy with hysterectomy, and transarterial embolisation. The choice of treatment options would mainly depend on the clinical presentations, availability of expertise as well as facilities. Early identification is crucia
Poverty measurement in Malaysia : a survey of the literature
No full textThe elimination of widespread poverty and ever growing income inequality are at the core of all development problems and in fact, for many people define the principal objective of development policy. Poverty and inequality need to be measured more precisely to provide a meaningful understanding of how much progress has already been made, how much more remains to be achieved, and how to set incentives for government officials to focus on the most pressing needs. Absolute poverty is defined as the number of people who are unable to command sufficient resources to satisfy their basic needs. Economists have agreed that poverty does not have one definite concept. However, in Malaysia poverty is commonly conceptualised from the perspective of monetary or income. This article outlines the poverty measurement presently used by the Economic Planning Unit (EPU), Prime Minister’s Department. Besides discussing the present poverty line income (PLI) method, the article proposes a multidimensional poverty measurement index. The proposed method comprising of monetary and non-monetary indicators is expected to capture a more realistic poverty group.Furthermore, the multidimensional phenomenon of poverty in a more holistic way is envisaged to be captured and is expected to have an impact on the policy makers as it gives a new perspective for measuring poverty
The role of local channels (UTV) erbil and (UTV) dohuk to guide audiences in the Iraqi Kurdistan region (2004 – 2009)
No full textThe Islamic media have been playing a prominent role in the Kurdish people's awareness in the Iraq Kurdistan Region in various facets of life. On the assumption that Media are a real power which are able to steer the nation toward different behaviors, the researcher will study the reality of the Islamic Media in Kurdistan Region of Iraq through exploring two models of Islamic media in the region. According to the questionnaire conducted by the Nongovernmental Iraq Civil Society Program Organization (ICSP) from 10th of March to 10th of April 2007, the Islamic visual media had the priority of the most influential media institutions in Kurdistan Region; As a result, that promotes the researcher to carry out an empirical study- a questionnaire in which viewers give their views to indicate the role of the Islamic media in enlightenment viewers- of two samples of the Islamic visual media; (UTV) Dohuk local channel, and (UTV) Erbil local channel respectively ,using comprehensive questions to
nine themes concluded with a correlation matrix. The research has proved the existence of dozens of various Islamic media institutions in the region, including institutions that are specialized in concentrating on a specific aspect of life or a specific class of society. The
research recommends that these institutions be provided with advanced media equipment,necessary supplies and adequate funds so that they will be able to communicate their message perfectly
Audit committee and the amendments of quarterly financial reports among Malaysian companies
No full textThis paper examines the association between audit committee characteristics (independence,expertise and activities)and the amendments of quarterly financial reports of Malaysian companies. Control variables, namely size of board of directors,size of company, profitability and auditor are also included in this study. In this study, earch of the 63 sampled companies that amended their quarterly reports in 2005 is matched with a company that did not make any amendments. Results of the regression test indicate that companies having audit committees with two or more financial experts are less likesly to amend their quarterly reports although other variables (except for auditor) appear to have anegative association with amendments,statistically the association is insignificant. This study also observed taht most of the amendment are due to oversight, mathematical mistakes and typographical errors. The findings suggest thet to be effective, audit committees should have more than one financial expert