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Corporate government practices and environmental reporting of companies in Malaysia : finding possibilities of doubles thumbs up.
No full textDemontrating good corporate governance and maintaining sound environmental performance are among the key challenges facing teh organisation to ensure its sustainability. In an attempt to investigate the linkage between these two essential aspects, this study scrutinises the annual reports of 243 companies listed on the Main Board of Bursa Malaysia. These are six selected corparate government attributes namely, board independence, CEO duality, management ownership, board size,financial expert and meeting frequency. Overall, it was found that the existence of environmentalreporting is low. Only 28% of the companies disclosed environmental information. Furthermore, on average, each company reported 4.7 sentences, while the quality, as measured by the disclosure index shows an average of 3.24. The most significant corporate governance attributes in influencing the extent of environmental reporting are board size and management ownership. The finding provide limited evidence to support that, companies which comply with corporate governance practice have the tendencies to be more environmentally reponsible
Peranan pengawasan pelabur institusi dan kekaburan perolehan
No full textPelabur institusi merupakan kumpulan pelabur canggih yang berpotensi mengawasi pengurusan firma serta menyumbang kepada pengurangan kos agensi. Kajian ini meneliti peranan pengawasan pelabur institusi dalam ekonomi yang melibatkan pelaburab dana awam serta campur tangan kerajaan yang tinggi. Kajian menfokus kepada kesan pemilikan pelabur institusi terhadap amalan pengurusan perolehan firma portfolio berasaskan tahap kekaburan perolehan. Selain itu, kajian turut melihat sama ada status awam/bukan awam pelabur institusi mempengaruhi keipayaan mereka melaksanakan pengawasan yang berkesan. Pemilikan pelabur institusi diukur berdasarkan tiga dimensi iaitu:(1) peratus pegangan ekuiti pelabur institusi; (2)konsentrasi pegangan pelabur institusi; dan (3)bilangan pelabur institusi. Kecemerlanagn mengurus perolehan ditentukan berdasarkan tahap kekaburan perolehan firma yang merupakan skor agregat empat ukuran iaitu: (1) keagresifan perolehan; (2) pelicinan perolehan; (3)pengelakan melapor kerugian; dan (4)pengelakan melapor penurunan dalam perolehan. Sampel kajian terdiri daripada syarikat tersenarai diPapan Utama dan Papan Kedua Bursa Saham malaysia dari tahun 1996-2005. Data dikutip daripada pengkalan data Datastream dan laporan tahunan syarikat.perhubungan antara tahap kekaburan perolehan dengan pemilikan pelabur institusi diuji berdasarkan analisis regrasi berganda dengan mengawal kesan tahap pegangan ekuiti pengurusan firma, saiz firma, tahap keumpilan firma dan kualiti juruaudit firma. Keputusan kajian menunjukkan bahawa pelabur institusi bukan awam dengan konsentrasi pegangan yang tinggi melaksanakan pengawasan yang lebih berkesan terhadap pihak pengurusan firma berbanding pelabur institusi awam
A comparative study of the compliments and compliment responses between English and Persian TV interviews
No full textThis paper is a cross-cultural study of compliments and compliment responses in American and Persian TV interviews. Based on eight video-taped and transcribed interviews of Oprah Winfrey’s programs with celebrities from MBC4 channel and eight Persian interviews conducted by the Iranian TV host Reza Rashid Pour with eight Iranian celebrities, the paper investigated the topic and the function of the compliments and the way interlocutors responded to the compliments in the Persian and American TV interviews. The project set out to examine the similarities and differences in the compliments and compliment responses of English and Persian TV interviews. The result of our analysis revealed that there are both similarities and differences between the complimenting behavior of English and Persian interlocutors when complimenting and responding to compliments in TV interviews. This study lends weight to the claim that complimenting behavior is cross-culturally varied and different
ICP-RIE dry etching using Cl2-based on GaN
No full textIn this study, the plasma characteristics and GaN etch properties of inductively coupled Cl2/Ar and Cl2/H2 plasmas were
investigated. Our results showed that inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching of gallium nitride by using Cl2/Ar and
Cl2/H2 were possible to meet the requirements (anisotropy, high etch rate and high selectivity). We have investigated
the etching rate dependency on the percentage of argon and hydrogen in the gas mixture and the DC voltage. Surface
morphology of the etched samples was checked by SEM and AFM. It was found that the etched surface was anisotropic
and the smoothness of the etched surface is comparable to that of polished wafer. As results, gas mixture using Cl2/Ar,
we obtained highest etching rates; 5000 Å/min and ~0.5 nm rms roughness for n-GaN and for p-GaN, the etching rates
was 3300 Å/min and ~0.7 nm for rms roughness. Meanwhile, for gas mixture using Cl2/H2, the etching was 1580 Å/min
for n-GaN and 950 Å/min for p-GaN
The noise pollution of maritime traffic: the case of the dardanelles’ ferries
No full textAs an archipelago country, Indonesian coastal areas are the most dynamic and strategic areas for
development as they provide many resources for human livelihood. At the same time, however, coastal areas
are also prone to environmental hazards such as erosion and sedimentation processes. Erosion along the
coast may cause loss of coastal land and damage infrastructures and buildings. The Semarang City, Tegal
Regency, and Demak Regency of the Central Java Province are especially vulnerable to coastal erosion.
This paper examines both the phenomenon and mitigation of erosion hazards in Central Java. It was found
that in Semarang City, for the past 100 years coastal erosion has threatened facilities and land use along the
coast causing extensive loss of coastal land. The local government has embarked on several mitigating
measures including the construction of dykes and sea walls. Similarly, coastal erosion and abrasion had
damaged tourism infrastructures and diminished the coastal land of the Tegal Regency since 1994. In Demak
it led to the relocation of settlement and damage of aquaculture. Given the significant role of the city of
Semarang, Tegal and Demak in the ongoing development of Central Java the issues of coastal erosion should
have garnered serious attention from local and provincial government. Needless to say, coordination
between planning and implementation of mitigation measures need to be comprehensive and enhanced
PhD abstract: the threat of the illicit proliferation of small arms and light weapons (SALW) in Indonesia : an national security perspective
No full textHistory of education among the Cambodian Muslims
No full textThe members of the Cambodian Muslims consits of two main groups, the Chams and the Malays. Nevertheless there are some of Arab, Indian, Pakistanis and Afghan origins. After Cambodia independence they are officially known as Khmer Islam (Muslim Khmer). Since their arrivals, the Chams and the Malays were well accepted by the Khmer communities at all levels. The Khmer Islam can freely choose any village to reside, any job to do for their living or they may work as a government officer or civil servants or else they may join the armed forces. Among them there are some who had been appointed to the highest position in the royal government’s administration hierachy such as governors and ministers. Islam as their religion can freely be practiced together with their traditional Islamic education system for their children. To date this freedom can still be widely seen. This paper discusses the long and winding history of the Cambodian Muslim education; how they keep up with changes and development brought about in the country where the majority of its population is Buddhist. This paper tries to trace the history of how Islam is taught to the members of the community. How the dynamism of Imam Musa’s ideals and visions together with the Muslim brothers from the Malay archipelago have established a strong system which in their view has helped to maintain the balance in their daily life to be a good citizen and to preserve their own identity as Muslim
The US National strategy for maritime security 2005 and its geopolitical implications on Malaysia
No full textThis article is written on the assumption that Malaysia---a major littoral state to the Straits of Malacca and the South China Sea---may experience a delicate diplomatic situation resulting from the preemptive character of the US National Strategy for Maritime Security 2005---NSMS 2005---which could motivate rivalry, provoke conflict, and induce war in Southeast Asia. The assumption is such because the US is now perceived to be using NSMS 2005 as its latest geopolitical tool to contain China, to safeguard its energy security geopolitics, and in anticipation of maritime-based resource war in the region. The crux of this article, therefore, is based on the question how will Malaysia maintain its balanced relations toward the US and China in the context of this geopolitical framework. As such, this article attempts to analyze the preemptive character of NSMS 2005, to ascertain the China Factor contained in it, and to examine the impacts and implications of this maritime strategy on Malaysia’s future relations with the US and China. This analysis hopes to enlighten the Malaysian government on the geopolitical consequences of NSMS 2005 and to facilitate the Malaysian government with the appropriate insights on how to mitigate these consequences through foreign policy initiatives at the national, bilateral, and multilateral levels
Proliferation and biochemical analyses of osteoblast/osteoclast differentiation from human mononucleated cells
No full textStem cell is defined as the ability of the cell to proliferate themselves and differentiate into more than one type of cells. Human mononucleated cell (MN cell) is a suspension cell that was isolated from peripheral blood that was originated from monocyte-machrophage lineage or hematopoietic stem cells. The cells were cultured for 30 days in complete media (CM) which consist of Alpha Minimal Essential Medium (αMEM) with 2% (v/v) Penicillin-Streptomycin and 10% (v/v) Newborn Calf Serum (NBCS). The respective cells were differentiated at day 7 after in vitro proliferation in CM into osteoblastic cells by adding ascorbic acid and β-glycerophosphate. In addition, human recombinant Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-β Ligand (hrRANKL) and human recombinant Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor (hrM-CSF) were added to induce osteoclastic differentiation of MN cells. Cells that were cultured in CM served as a control and were subjected to the same approach as differentiated cells. The 30 days cultured cells in CM showed a significant increment (p < 0.05) of viable cells compared to day 0 (n=3). The specific activity of Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) for osteoblast differentiation and Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP) for osteoclast differentiation were evaluated via biochemical assay until day 14 and day 10 for osteoblast and osteoclast sample, respectively. ALP and TRAP enzyme showed a significant increment (p < 0.05) after 14 and 10 days of differentiation compared to control cells. As a conclusion, human mononucleated cells are believed to have the potential to be defined as a multipotent stem cell based on their fulfillment of stem cell characteristic
An effective protocol for callus induction with milk clotting activity from solanum dubiumSeeds
No full textThe aim of this study was to establish an effective protocol for callus induction from the seed explants of Solanum dubium and to investigate the callus extract ability in milk clotting activity. The effects of growth regulator, basal media strength and sucrose were studied using different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mg/L) of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxy-acetic acid (2,4-D) alone or in combination with 0.5 mg/L of 6-benzylamino purine (BAP). For milk clotting activity, about 50 or 100 μL extracts of seed callus was mixed with 2 mL 50% milk held at 55°C for 5 and 10 min until milk clotting occurred. The results showed that NAA alone or in combination with BAP gave a higher callusing percentage (80 to100%) compared to the other plant growth regulators at the same concentrations. When an auxin was supplied in combination with BAP, a significant increase in callusing percentage or degree of callusing was observed. The time required for callus to be developed was shortened and the quality of the induced callus improved. An increase in callus growth in low sucrose (10 g/L) concentration was found be comparable (88%) to high sucrose concentration (30 g/L; 60%). Crude extracts obtained from S. dubium callus were shown to exhibit milk clotting activity